Granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) is an autosomal dominant corneal stromal dystrophy that is caused by p.Arg124His mutation of transforming growth factor β induced (TGFBI) gene. It is characterized by well demarcated granular shaped opacities in central anterior stroma and as the disease progresses, extrusion of the deposits results in ocular pain due to corneal epithelial erosion. Also, diffuse corneal haze which appears late, causes decrease in visual acuity. The prevalence of GCD2 is high in East Asia including Korea. Homozygous patients show a severe phenotype from an early age, and the heterozygote phenotype varies among patients, depending on several types of compound heterozygous TGFBI mutations. In the initial stage, conservative treatments such as artificial tears, antibiotic eye drops, and bandage contact lenses are used to treat corneal erosion. Different surgical methods are used depending on the depth and extent of the stromal deposits. Phototherapeutic keratectomy removes anterior opacities and is advantageous in terms of its applicability and repeatability. For deeper lesions, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty can be used as the endothelial layer is not always affected. Recurrence following these treatments are reported within a wide range of rates in different studies due to varying definition of recurrence and follow-up period. In patients who have undergone corneal laser vision-correction surgeries such as photorefractive keratectomy, LASEK, or LASIK including SMILE surgery, corneal opacity exacerbates rapidly with severe deterioration of visual acuity. Further investigations on new treatments of GCD2 are necessary.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to compare Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates between spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses. METHODS: The present retrospective study enrolled patients who received cataract surgery by a single surgeon between March 1, 2006 and October 31, 2009. Patients included in the study were implanted with SA60AT spherical intraocular lenses (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 66 eyes), SN60AT spherical intraocular lenses (Alcon, 48 eyes; a total of 114 eyes), or SN60WF aspheric intraocular lenses (Alcon, 187 eyes). The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were compared between the two groups 6 months after the operation. Ten patients who were implanted with a spherical intraocular lens in one eye and an aspheric intraocular lens in the contralateral eye were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed in 2 of 114 eyes (1.8%) in the spherical intraocular lens group and 7 of 187 eyes (3.2%) in the aspheric intraocular lens group; no significant difference was found (p = 0.359). Among the 10 patients who were implanted with 2 different intraocular lenses, Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed in only 1 eye in the aspheric intraocular lens group; no significant difference was found (p = 0.500). CONCLUSIONS: The design of the intraocular lens, especially the shape of the posterior optic, does not influence the rate of Nd:YAG capsulotomy.
Cataract ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term clinical outcomes after use of fibrin glue using a modified mini-flap technique for pterygium surgery. METHODS: This study is a retrospective, clinical outcome study of 148 subjects that underwent the modified mini-flap technique with fibrin glue from January 2014 to August 2015. We analyzed the recurrence rate and surgical time of modified mini-flap surgery with fibrin glue. We also analyzed associating factors between the recurrence group and non-recurrence group who underwent the same surgery technique. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.2 ± 1.1 (ranging from 29 to 86) years, and mean surgical time was 11.8 ± 5.8 (ranging from 5 to 36) minutes. The recurrence rate of pterygium patients who underwent the fibrin glue using a modified mini-flap technique was 4.0% (6/148), and the re-operation rate was 0.6% (1/148). From the comparison of associating factors between recurred and non-recurred groups, the recurred group was younger, had more severe disease, and had a higher rate of bilaterality than the non-recurred group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The new approach using fibrin glue with a modified mini-flap technique shows a low recurrence rate compared to the other type of pterygium surgery. The use of fibrin glue shortened operation time and decreased patient discomfort due to fewer remnant sutures. Fibrin glue use in a modified mini-flap technique can be considered as a feasible surgical option for pterygium patients.
Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures

Calcinosis cutis involves the inappropriate deposition of calcium within the dermis layer of the skin, and is often associated with rheumatoid disease. A 42-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a hard palpable mass on the left upper eyelid. After everting the eyelid, a large papillomatous mass with a broad base was identified on the superior area of the tarsus. The lesion was partially excised posteriorly under local anesthesia, and pathologists identified the mass as calcinosis cutis. The patient had no systemic or trauma history, and the serum levels of calcium and phosphorous were normal. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis should be included in the differential diagnosis for a protruding papillomatous mass of the tarsal plate, and surgical debulking could be a viable option for large protruding lesions, although more follow-up is necessary to monitor regrowth.
Adult ; Calcinosis/*pathology/surgery ; Eyelid Diseases/*pathology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Skin Diseases/*pathology/surgery

Astigmatism ; Coma ; Corneal Topography ; Corneal Wavefront Aberration ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lotus ; Myopia ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical availability of a multifunctional ocular biometric unit, MR-6000, for simultaneous keratometry, tonometry, topography, and pachymetry evaluation, and compare anterior segment measurements with five other devices: autokeratometer (KR-1), Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR), swept-source optical coherence tomography (IOLMaster 700), Placido disk scanning-slit topography (Orbscan II), and noncontact tonometry (FT-1000). Methods: Thirty eyes from thirty patients who visited Severance Hospital for cataract surgery were examined using MR6000 and the other devices. The mean keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white (WTW) distance, and intraocular pressure (IOP) values were compared. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess the correlation and agreement between devices. Results: Thirty eyes of thirty patients were evaluated. Statistically significant differences in mean keratometry between MR6000, KR-1, Pentacam HR, and IOLMaster 700 were not observed (p > 0.05). All five devices, including Orbscan II, had almost perfect agreement in measuring keratometry (ICC > 0.80, p < 0.05). CCT measured by MR-6000 was significantly different from that of Pentacam HR and Orbscan II measurements (p < 0.05) but correlated with that of Pentacam HR and Orbscan II measurements (ICC > 0.60, p < 0.05). The WTW distance measured by MR-6000 was not significantly different from that measured by IOLMaster 700 but was different from that measured by Orbscan II. IOP measured by MR-6000 was not correlated with FT-1000. Conclusions Keratometric values obtained through MR-6000 can be used interchangeably with other devices based on good correlation and agreement. However, the CCT, WTW, and IOP values were not interchangeable with a single multifunctional unit for cataract surgery preoperative examination.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the Kane formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in comparison with existing formulas by incorporating optional variables into calculation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective review consisted of 78 eyes of patients who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular implantation at Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea between February 2020 and January 2021. The Kane formula was compared with six of the existing IOL formulas (SRK/T, Hoffer-Q, Haigis, Holladay1, Holladay2, Barrett Universal II) based on the mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentages of eyes within prediction errors of ±0.25D, ±0.50D, and ±1.00D. Results: The Barrett Universal II formula demonstrated the lowest MAEs (0.26±0.17D), MedAEs (0.28D), and percentage of eyes within prediction errors of ±0.25D, ± 0.50D, and ±1.00D, although there was no statistically significant difference between Barrett Universal II-SRK/T (p=0.06), and Barrett Universal II-Kane formula (p<0.51). Following the Barrett Universal II formula, the Kane formula demonstrated the second most accurate formula with MAEs (0.30±0.19D) and MedAEs (0.28D). However, no statistical difference was shown between Kane-Barrett Universal II (p=0.51) and Kane-SRK/T (p=0.14). Conclusion Although slightly better refractory outcome was noted in the Barrett Universal II formula, the performance of the Kane formula in refractive prediction was comparable in IOL power calculation, marking its superiority over many conventional IOL formulas, such as HofferQ, Haigis, Holladay1, and Holladay2.