Pseudo-Bartter syndrome is a rare medical disease of the kidney characterized by normal blood pressure, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism with drug history of diuretics. We report US, CT and MRI findings of a patient with clinically proved pseudo-Bartter syndrome. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a history of long term ingestion of the diuretics(furosemide) for 20 years. Renal US revealed hyperechoic renal medulla at both kidneys. The resistive index(RI), calculated from the duplex doppler waveform is 0.61. Unenhanced CT revealed faint high attenuation along the medulla. Tl-weighted MRI revealed indistinct corticomedullary differentiation.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Blood Pressure ; Diuretics ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A case of Coats' disease, apparently as the first report in Korea, is presented. The patient was 17 years old Korean female and hospitalized Woo-Suk University hospital on May 23, 1969. Although cyclodialysis had been performed to the patient her intraocular pressure remained as the same as before the treatment, and thus enucleation Was done finally.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Korea

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic characteristics of axillary lymph nodes which are found on mediolateral oblique(MLO) view of mammography and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 119 cases axillary lymph nodes on MLO view of 410 cases of mammography in 205 patients regarding the size, bilaterality, number, grade of density, presence of central lucency, calcification of lymph nodes and presence of associated parenchymal pathologic lesions in breast. RESULTS: Axillary lymph nodes on MLO view were demonstrated in 119 (29%) among 410 cases. Axillary lymph nodes(112 cases) in cases without breast parenchymal lesions or with benign breast lesions showed; unilaterality in 68 cases(61%), smaller than 1.5cm in 100 cases(89%), lower density than breast parenchyma in 99 cases(88%), presence of central lucency in 99 cases(88%) and calcification in 3 cases(2.7%). Axillary lymph nodes(7 cases)in cases with breast cancer showed small size of less than 1.5cm in 4 cases(57%), absence of central lucency in 7 cases(100%) and iso-to higher density than breast parenchyma in 7 c&ses(100%). CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph nodes noted on MLO view of mammography, more than 1.5cm in diameter, absence of central lucency and iso to higher density than breast parenchyma could be suggested as clinically significant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic characteristics of axillary lymph nodes which are found on mediolateral oblique(MLO) view of mammography and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 119 cases axillary lymph nodes on MLO view of 410 cases of mammography in 205 patients regarding the size, bilaterality, number, grade of density, presence of central lucency, calcification of lymph nodes and presence of associated parenchymal pathologic lesions in breast. RESULTS: Axillary lymph nodes on MLO view were demonstrated in 119 (29%) among 410 cases. Axillary lymph nodes(112 cases) in cases without breast parenchymal lesions or with benign breast lesions showed; unilaterality in 68 cases(61%), smaller than 1.5cm in 100 cases(89%), lower density than breast parenchyma in 99 cases(88%), presence of central lucency in 99 cases(88%) and calcification in 3 cases(2.7%). Axillary lymph nodes(7 cases)in cases with breast cancer showed small size of less than 1.5cm in 4 cases(57%), absence of central lucency in 7 cases(100%) and iso-to higher density than breast parenchyma in 7 c&ses(100%). CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph nodes noted on MLO view of mammography, more than 1.5cm in diameter, absence of central lucency and iso to higher density than breast parenchyma could be suggested as clinically significant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus was regarded as an esophageal counterpart of the more common adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. However it is a rare lesion which has more malignant differentiations and thus shows more aggressive clinical behaviors than the latter. Although many authors think that this tumor arises from the submucosal esophageal gland, its histogenesis is still in dispute. A 60-year-old male patient had a tumor in the middle third of the esophagus which was incidentally found during gastrofiberscopy. The tumor was 1.5 cm sized and covered with intact mucosa. The patient underwent Ivor Lewis operation, and the postoperative complication of ARDS eventually subsided. On microscopic examination of the surgically resected specimen, the adenoid cystic carcinoma which was mainly confined to the submucosa extended to the proper muscle layer, however no regional lymph node metastasis was present. The patient is still alive and well 6 months after the surgery.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Salivary Glands

Experimental osteoarthritis has been studied by various methods such as local compression of the joint, immobilization of the joint, relief of the contact and incision of the meniscus. The instability caused by the ligament injuries of the knee joints of the rabbits induced degenerative changes of the articular cartilages. After excision of the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and both cruciate ligament, the articular cartilages were observed serially after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, grossly and microscopically. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Loss of transluscency and luster was observed even in the early group of the first week, and was followed by erosion and fissure on the articular cartilage in the groups of the third and later weeks grossly. 2. Microscopically, cluster formation of the chondrocytes on the articular cartilage was observed in the group of the first week and there was tendency of increase in its numbers and extents in the subsquent groups. Fibrillation and cleft formation was also observed in these groups. 3. Loss of metachromasia was observed in the groups of the second and subsquent weeks, but it was most prominant in the groups of the sixth and eighth weeks. 4. The tendancy of cluster formation was more prominent, compared with those of fibrillation or erosion.
Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Collateral Ligaments ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits

To assess the influence of diabetes mellitus on the healing of segmental defect of rat, a defect measuring 5mm was made at right sciatic nerve in thirty-three adult female Wistar rats(control group:17, diabetic group:16). To induce diabetes in rats, Streptozotocin(50mg/kg body weight) was injected into tail vein after dissolution in saline solution. Both proximal and distal nerve ends were connected with 9mm long silicone tube, and the tube was filled with 10µl collagen(Vitrogen 100) solution. Two and 4 weeks after the operation, electromyographic study(latency period and amplitude) and histologic examination(the number of myelinated axon, non-neuronal cell, and vessel at mid-chamber level, the mid-chamber cross-sectional area) after toluidine blue staining were carried out. From the results, we concluded that diabetes mellitus retarded the healing process of segmental defect of sciatic nerve in rat. And we might suggest that if we meet this situation in clinical practice, we have to consider some supportive measures to overcome the bad effect of diabetes mellitus on the healing of nerve defect.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Myelin Sheath ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Sodium Chloride ; Tail ; Tolonium Chloride ; Veins

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide management strategy and to improve management outcome of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the database as sources for identifying and analyzing patients, and analyzed the management outcome of patients with UIA. From June 1979 to June 1999, among total of 1,801 patients treated for intracranial aneurysms, 372 patients with 437 unruptured aneurysms were treated by surgery (335 patients) or neurointervention (37 patients). One hundred and forty - three patients with 158 UIA had no history of SAH from a different aneurysm (group 1), and 229 patients with 279 UIA had a ruptured aneurysm that have been repaired simultaneously or before treatment of UIA (group 2). We reviewed the rate of favorable (good, fair) and unfavorable (poor or dead) outcome one year after the treatment. RESULTS: The rate of favorable and unfavorable outcome in group 1 was 96.5% and 3.5% respectively. In Group 2, the rate was 93.5% and 6.5%. However, the most of the unfavorable outcome in group 2 came from treatment of the ruptured aneurysm, or SAH. The only significant factor contributed to unfavorable outcome in group 1 was size of UIA. Those of group 2 were age, Fisher grade, Hunt - Hess grade, and aneurysm number. Complications attributable to surgical or endovascular treatment of UIA that occurred in 38 of 372 patients (10.2%) were cerebral infarction (17), intracerebral hemorrhage (10), epidural hematoma (4), cranial nerve injury (3), infection (2), venous infarction (1), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (1). CONCLUSION: Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a devastating event. The safe size below which rupture is unlikely is unclear. There appears to be increased risk from unruptured aneurysms discovered in SAH patients. All unruptured aneurysms in healthy patients as well as in patients with history of SAH should be repaired.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cranial Nerve Injuries ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Injury of the ankle ligaments is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Although there are some debates as to the best initial treatment for an acute tear of a lateral ligament, persistent functional instability of the ankle develops in approximately 20% of patients regardless of the type of initial treatment. In these patients, late reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments may become necessary. Among 13 cases which have been operated with Larsen procedure using peroneus brevis tendon from March 1991 to February 1993, the 11 cases followed up over 1 year were examined clinically and radiologically. We introduced the clinical analysis and results with the brief review of the literatures. 1. The indication of surgical treatment was the ankle instability which had differences over 10° in talar tilting angle or over 3mm in anterior displacement compared wit the uninjured site. 2. The postoperative results were 5 cases in excellent and 4 in good. 3. The Larsen procedure was considered a good method to anatomically and simply stabilize both the ankle and subtalar joint and to fix tendon depending on the type of instability.
Ankle ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Subtalar Joint ; Tears ; Tendons

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as potential therapeutic agents of acute lung injury, we analyzed the morphology in vivo of the pulmonary microstructure using intravital videomicroscopy in a rat model of acute lung injury. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: a control group that underwent normal saline aspiration, an acute lung injury (ALI) group that underwent hydrochloric acid aspiration, and three treatment groups that underwent hydrochloric acid aspiration and were administered therapeutic agents- the S1P group, the NO group, and the S1P+NO group (n=7 per group). To quantify alveolar compliance and interstitial edema, the diameters of all measurable alveoli and interalveolar septa were averaged at one and two hours after aspiration. Alveolar compliance was determined according to diameter changes during the respiratory cycle and the change in tidal volume. RESULT: At two hours after aspiration, the mean alveolar compliance (% change) in the ALI group decreased significantly versus the control group of rats (respiratory cycle: 1.9% for the ALI group vs 6.5% for the control group, p=0.03; tidal volume: 3.2% for the ALI group vs 9.1% for the control group, p=0.003) and versus the NO group (tidal volume: 3.2% for the ALI group vs 16.9% for the NO group, p=0.001). At two hours after aspiration, the mean interalveolar septal thickness in the NO group tended to be smaller as compared to that in the ALI group (15.2micrometer for the ALI group vs 12.3micrometer for the NO group, p=0.06). S1P did not exert a significant effect on the pulmonary microstructure of the injured rat lung. CONCLUSION: Improved alveolar compliance and reduced interstitial edema, observed by intravital videomicroscopy, suggest that inhaled NO ameliorates lung injury.
Acute Lung Injury ; Animals ; Compliance ; Edema ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Lysophospholipids ; Microscopy, Video ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sphingosine ; Tidal Volume