A variety of dermal fillers is available and has been used for soft tissue augmentation. Fillers used in rhinoplasty are minimally invasive and can help patients who are concerned with surgical procedures and recovery time. Nevertheless, there have been many reports about unsatisfactory results and complications using fillers for augmentation rhinoplasty. The unsatisfactory results include ill defined lateral aspect of nose, widening of injected filler, migration, and overcorrection. Therefore, the filler materials should be used according to its properties and nasal anatomical characteristics.
Acrylic Resins ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty

We report a case of cerebriform intradermal nevus. a cause of cutis verticis gyrata that clinically they resembled neurofibroma and revealed histopathologic finding consistent with intradermal nevus. The patient was a 6 year-old boy, who had a 17x18cm, soft, convoluted. pigmented mass over the parietal and occipital regions. The lesion had been present since birth and had been slowly increasing in size with convolution.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibroma ; Nevus, Intradermal* ; Parturition ; Rabeprazole

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Needles*

No abstract available.
Rhytidoplasty*

Because of its simplicity, augmentation rhinoplasty with filler material has been used as alternative choice of the operative augmentation rhinoplasty. With development of various filler materials the duration of which is long, the augmentation rhinoplasty using filler material has wide usage. This article describes the choice of filler suitable for augmentation rhinoplasty. As skin and soft tissue are abundant at the nasal tip and root, they are easily elevated when filler material is injected. However, in case of nasal dorsum, especially supratip depression, there is a lack of skin and soft tissue, therefore, the filler material injected is redistributed into the nasal tip and dorsum. Ideal filler material for augmentation rhinoplasty should be located at the injection site without quantitative change. Fortunately, 3.3% PAAG(polyacrylamide gel) has hard consistency, but no component change, and has long duration. Therefore, it seems to be an ideal filler material among numerous filler materials currently sold.
Depression ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Humans ; Leriche Syndrome* ; Lower Extremity*

No abstract available.

Botulinum toxin A injection to reduce glabellar lines has become one of the most popular procedures in facial rejuvenation. 5-site injection is generally accepted: into the procerus muscle at the midline and each corrugator muscle at its inferomedial and superolateral aspects. The superolateral injection site is above the pupil and approximately 1cm above the bony orbital rim. According to our observation, corrugator muscles are not either symmetric or tightly related to the surface anatomical landmarks such as pupils and bony orbital rims. Therefore when glabellar lines were treated by surface anatomical landmarks, in the case of asymmetrical corrugator, it was not precisely targeted to obtain sufficient paralytic effects. Herein, we suggest functional anatomy-based Botulinum toxic A injection to correct glabellar frown lines and its theoretical backgrounds. Between 1999 and 2007, 329 patients were enrolled in the study. 86 patients between 1999 and February of 2001 were injected by the traditional injection method. Later 243 patients were treated by the functional anatomy-based injection. By the new method, injection points were determined by observing glabellar furrows and skin fine wrinkles after repetition of muscle contraction. By this method, we could enhance the cosmetic effects and heighten patients' satisfaction.
Aging ; Botulinum Toxins ; Cosmetics ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Pupil ; Rejuvenation ; Skin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphologic differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ductal breast tumors, as seen on US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US findings in 29 pathologically proven cases of ductal breast tumor were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were female and their mean age was 42 years. Nineteen tumors were benign and ten were malignant, and all ductal or cystic lesions showed solid masses. According to the location of the mural nodule, we classified the sonographic appearance of these tumors into three types : intraductal, intracystic and amorphic. The intraductal type was divided into three subtypes: incompletely obstructive, completely obstructive and multiple mural nodules. For the intracystic type, too, three subtypes were designated : the intracystic mural nodule (mural cyst), intracystic mural nodule with the duct (mural cyst+duct) and intracystic multiple mural nodules. The amorphic type is defined as an atypical ductal tumor with the mural nodule extending into adjacent parenchyma. RESULTS: The margin of the duct or cyst was smooth in 68.4% of benign, and irregular in 90% of malignant ductal tumors. Internal echogeneity of the duct or cyst usually showed homogeneity in both benign and malignant tumors. 73.7% of tumors connecting the duct were benign and 50% were malignant. In benign tumors, 52.6% of mural nodule had an irregular margin, while in malignant tumors, the corresponding proportion was 100% ; both types usually showed heterogeneous hypoechogeneity. Among benign tumors, the most common morphologic type was the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype (36.8%) ; among those that were malignant, the amorphic type was most common, accounting for 40% of tumors. No amorphic type was benign and no incompletely obstructive subtype was malignant. CONCLUSION: When ductal breast tumors are morphologically classified on the basis of sonographic findings, the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype suggests benignancy, and the amorphic type, malignancy. The morphologic classification of ductal breast tumors based on sonography is therefore useful for the differential diagnosis of benignancy and malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

This report describes a case of traumatic psuedoaneurysm of the right posterior auricular artery resulting from injury sustained during a fall. The literature describing these rare complications of the scalp injury is also reviewed, and the diagnosis and treatment of this rare case are discussed.
Aneurysm, False* ; Arteries* ; Diagnosis ; Scalp