Authors presented the experience of Ender nail treatment for the humeral shaft fractures in 24 patients. The results of treatment in all were satisfactory, though there were four cases of delayed union. Bridging callus was formed at 8.2 weeks on an average. The average clinical union time was 14 weeks. No complications developed during nailing procedure. A case of radial nerve palsy after fracture recovered spontaneously. Longer nails which hit the end of medullary canal of distal fragment distracted the fracture gap, and resulted in delayed union in 4 cases. Therefore, it is recommended to use the proper size of nail to avoid the distraction effect of the inserted nail, and to use two nails at minimum for better fixation. However, when intramedullary Ender nailing is properly done, single nailing also can give consistently good anatomic and functional results.
Bony Callus ; Humans ; Humerus ; Paralysis ; Radial Nerve

No abstract available.
Coxa Vara* ; Follow-Up Studies*

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta* ; Risk Factors*

Tumoral calcinosis was coined by Inclan in 1943 and thereafter about 40 cases have been reported in the literature, but there has not been reported on a case which involved knee joints. The majority of cases hitherto reported were found in Negro. There was no report in yellow race. Authors presented a case of tumoral calcinosis that involved boih knee joints of a 55 years old Korean housewife. On physical examination chronic draining sinuses with spontaneous extrusion of calcific material was noted on the left infrapatellar region. A radiograph of the both knees showed dense, multinodular deposits of calcium. The masses were confined to the soft tissues; the contiguous joint showed no pathological change. En-block excisianal biopsy was done. The histological section of the excised mass disclosed the foreign-body giant cell with inflamed connective tissue surrounding calcific deposits.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Calcinosis ; Calcium ; Connective Tissue ; Continental Population Groups ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Numismatics ; Physical Examination

The carpal injury is difficult to diagnose due to anatomical complexity and the like. So, in order to get radiological knowledge of normal wrist, the authors measured the values which will be described on the wrist PA and lateral roengenogram obtained from 440 normal wrists(male : 188 cases, female : 252 cases) in randomly selected patients. The following results were obtained. l. Ulnar variance(mm±standard deviation): Total 1.1±1.2 : negative variance : 9.3%, positive variance : 56.1%, 2. Scapholunate Gap(mm±standard deviation): Total 0.4±0.7, 3. Ulnar Tilt(degrees±standard deviation): Total 23.6±5.3, 4. Volar Tilt, 5. Carpal height rstio : Total 0.52±0.05 male 0.53±0.04 female 0.51±0.05 : Total 13.1±5.9, 6. Carpal ulnsr distance ratio Total 0.05±0.05, 7. Scapholunate Angle : Total 49.9'±10.1', 8. Capitatolunate Angle Total 17.5'±10.0', 9. Radiolunate Angle Total 8.8'±6.7', 10. Carpal width ratio Total 0.72±0.08 11. Carpal thickness ratio Total 0.49±0.07.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wrist

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of surgical therapy combined with the usage of metronidazole gel in the treatment of juvenile periodontitis by comparing clinical indices of flap operation along with application of metronidazole gel and flap operation only. Comparing clinical indices of the baseline, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery statistically, the results are as follows; 1. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). BOP increased 0.9% in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, decreased 4.7% (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 2. Pocket probing depth (PPD) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). PPD increased 0.1mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, no increase of the depth could be observed (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 3. Loss of attachment level(LOA) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). LOA increased 0.2mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, increased 0.3mm However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, flap operation was effective on the treatment of juvenile periodontitis. However, combined therapy of metronidazole gel could not give rise to any significant adjunctive effect on the treatment outcome.
Aggressive Periodontitis* ; Hemorrhage ; Loa ; Metronidazole* ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although pain resulting from thalamic stroke was described by D jerine & Roussy in 1906, its pathomechanism & anatomical substrate have not been defined yet. Several clinical & experimental studies suggest that laterality of lesion for generation of central pain is as important as location of lesion. We performed this study to evaluate clinical features of thalamic pain syndrome, including incidence, onset interval from stroke, nature, distribution, accompaniments, and to assess the relationships between laterality & location of lesion and occurrence of pain. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and brain imaging of all patients with thalamic stroke from 1990 to 1997. Patients with thalamic pain syndrome due to a single well-demarcated thalamic stroke were included, and excluded tumoral, non-vascular etilogy, and patients with sensory deficit without pain and excluded patients who had multiple cerebral lesions even they have thalamic pain syndrome. RESULTS: One-hundred one cases were selected under the inclusion criteria, and twenty-four patients(24%) with thalamic pain syndrome were identified from 101 thalamic stroke. Pain onset within the first week poststroke was 17(71%). The patients with allodynia were 8(33%), increased by movement, stress, and thermal contact. The painful area distributed mainly limbs(50%), especially arm(35%), face plus hemibody(34%), and hemibody below face(8%). Thalamic pain syndrome accompanied with the pain and temperature loss was 17(71%). Thirteen patients had a right-sided lesion, 11 left-sided lesion. The lesion causing thalamic pain syndrome mainly located in the posterolateral areas(75%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the thalamic pain syndrome resulting from mainly posterolateral thalamic lesion cause the spontaneous pain on the contralateral body, especially upper extrimity, and accompanied with pain & tempterature loss. The laterality of lesion is not represent for generation of thalamic pain syndrome. Key word : thalamic stroke, central pain.
Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neuroimaging ; Stroke*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristiss of korean multi-rooted teeth extracted by periodontal disease. A total of 182 extracted multi-rooted teeth were examined. The distance from the cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to the root groove and from the CEJ to the root division was measured. The frequency of the root grooves were calculated. The results are as follows : 1. Distances from CEJ to the root groove were 1.53, 1.60mm for maxillary first premolars mesial, distal sides, 1.26, 1.38, 1.75mm for maxillary first molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 1.38, 1.71, 1.41mm for maxillary second molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 0.98, 0.99mm for mandibular first molars buccal , lingual sides and 1.28, 1.35mm for mandibular second molars buccal, lingual sides. 2. The frequency of the root grooves were 17.4, 30.4% for maxillary first premolars mesial, distal sides, 44.4, 84.1, 67.5% for maxillary first molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 100, 90.3, 90.3% for maxillary second molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 42.9, 77.8% for mandibular first molars buccal, lingual sides and 90.6% for mandibular second molars buccal, lingual sides. 3. Distances from CEJ to the root division were 6.8, 7.2mm for maxillary first premolars mesial, distal sides, 3.3, 4.38, 4.34mm for maxillary first molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 3.67, 4.8, 4.07mm for maxillary second molars buccal, mesial, distal sides, 3.1, 3.89mm for mandibular first molars buccal, lingual sides and 3.2, 4.06mm for mandibular second molars buccal, lingual sides.
Bicuspid ; Molar ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth*

On July 5, 1980, the first in-training examination for Korean orthopaedic residents was performed to give each of them an evaluation of his general level of orthopaedic knowledge, and to provide their program directer with a comparative basis for evaluation of their programs in various subject areas. Forty one of the 42 residency programs in this country presented in the examination. The results of the examination and the survey of public opinion performed after the examination are as follows. 1. Two hundreds and ninety one of the 312 Korean orthopaedic residents at all level of training participated in the examination, so that the participation rate was 93.3 percent. According to the survey, the respondents wanted to continue the in-training examination in 77 percent. 2. The examination was not sufficient in its reliability because the questions were small in number, and it was deficient in its objectivity since there were 40 percent of the subjective questions. The test was not enough in its practicability because the questions of applying the knowledge clinically such as problem solving one were relatively insufficient in its number. 3. The mean scores of the. residents are increasing regularly with increasing years, which can be interpreted as the questions are somewhat adequate for the test and the orthopaedic training in Korea is efficient one. But the standard deviations of each mean is large, which means the residents level of the orthopaedic knowledge and his training are greatiy varied. The scores of the senior residents are not yet reach a plateau and the scores of the junior residents are inferior to that of the 1966 American counterpart. 4. According to the survey, the majority wants to open the questions with their referencies after the examination, but wants to neither open his score nor reflect his score in that of the Korean orthopaedic board examination.
Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Problem Solving ; Public Opinion ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To test the plaque-removal efficacy of a single-tufted toothbrush on the posterior molars compared with a flat-trimmed toothbrush. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects were selected. Professional instruction and written brushing instructions were given. After thorough supra-gingival scaling and polishing, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours prior to the first experiment. The subjects were randomized to a treatment sequence. The modified Quigley and Hein plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing, at 6 surfaces of the posterior molars. After a wash-out period, all the remaining plaque was removed professionally. Twenty-four hours of brushing abstinence was again performed. The plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing after the subjects were given the second toothbrush in the cross-over sequence. RESULTS: The percentage reductions in plaque scores achieved with the single-tufted brushes were significantly higher than those of the flat-trimmed brush at the maxillary buccal interproximal, marginal and mandibular lingual interproximal site. The other locations showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study implied that the single-tufted brush could be an effective tool for the removal of plaque at some, but not all, sites of the posterior molars.
Dental Equipment ; Dental Plaque ; Molar ; Oral Hygiene ; Toothbrushing