No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

The physical activity has an important physiological and psychological benefit for all people, and the exercise program has a key role in the management of diabetes. This article presents exercise recommendations for people with diabetes. Though the patients with diabetes may give many benefits from regular physical exercise, there may be several hazards from exercise as well. We assessed 30 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and 15 normal control subjects with sedentary life-style for their workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake, change of blood glucose level after exercise using bicycle ergometer and Astrand nomogram. The workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake were lower in diabetic patient than control subjects. Blood glucose decreased in diabetic patient than control subjects, after exercise and the lowered value was maintained until 60 minutes after exercise. The maximal oxygen uptake was lower in diabetic patients than control subjects. The blood glucose decreased in both diabetic patients and normal control after exercise.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Nomograms ; Oxygen

The aim of this study is to investigate visual exploration of children and adolescents during dental treatment by examining time ratio of eye opening in various age groups.
This study reviewed 5 - 15 year-old patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry of Yonsei University Dental Hospital from March to October 2018. Restorative treatment or sealant application was done by one pediatric dentist. A trained observer used 2 stopwatches to measure total treatment time and time of open eye. Average ratios of eye opening were calculated and compared.
60 patients were investigated, with 15 patients in each age group. Average ratio of eye opening increased as age decreased (p < .001). The average of 13 - 15 year-olds was significantly shorter than that of children younger than 12 years (p < .005).
This study indicated that children have higher rates of eye opening during dental treatment than adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disease of high heritability. Parents of children with ADHD have high parenting stress and low parenting efficacy. In this study, we assessed parents' characteristics including inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, executive function, anxiety/depression severity level, child's ADHD symptom severity, and parents' emotional distress level. The relationships between severity of ADHD symptoms in children, cognitive and emotional characteristics in parents, as well as parenting stress and parenting efficacy were evaluated. METHODS: 96 parents participated in the study. Each parent assessed their child's ADHD symptom severity, their own ADHD symptom severity, as well as executive function, depression, anxiety, parenting stress and parenting efficacy. Collected data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean ADHD Rating Scale score of 53 children was 22.91 (±9.63). Of these, 26 (49.0%) were taking medication. Eight (8.3%) of the 96 parents had psychiatric illnesses and 12 (12.5%) had the possibility of ADHD. Mothers showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress (p < 0.001), depression (p=0.006), and parenting efficacy (p < 0.001) compared with fathers. The children's ADHD symptoms, severity, and parental depression were related to high parenting stress. The ADHD symptoms of parents were associated with high parenting stress (p=0.032). Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Children's ADHD symptoms severity, parental depression and ADHD symptom severity were significantly associated with high parenting stress. Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy. In addition to treating the children with ADHD, evaluation and treatment of parents' symptoms is needed in order to reduce parenting stress and provide a stable parenting environment.
Anxiety ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child ; Depression ; Executive Function* ; Fathers ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents*

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia induction time is related to speed of injection, injected volume, and Keo. In the case of target controlled infusion, induction time can be controlled by adjusting the induction time mode. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of induction time mode on variable parameters and vital signs during anesthesia induction with propofol using a target controlled infusion (TCI). METHODS: Sixty unpremedicated adult patients (ASA class I or II, 18 55 yrs) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to four groups according to induction mode. Group 1 was assigned a flash induction mode, and groups 2, 3 and 4 were assigned 2, 3 and 4min respectively. The end point of anesthesia induction was loss of eyelash reflex. Various parameters including induction time, infused volume, current/effect concentration at induction, and vital signs were compared. RESULTS: As the induction time mode was prolonged, induction time was delayed, but there was no difference in infused volume. Also, the current concentration decreased gradually, but the effect concentration did not show any difference. The vital signs were more stable in groups 3 and 4 compared with groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: For anesthesia induction, a rapid induction mode showed more rapid induction and low current concentration, but vital signs were relatively unstable and the effect concentration at induction showed no difference. For critically ill patients or patients with unstable hemodynamics, a more gradual induction mode for anesthesia induction in propofol TCI is recommended.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Critical Illness ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Propofol* ; Reflex ; Vital Signs*

No abstract available.
Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Heart Block* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Heart Block* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Twins*

BACKGROUND: This study was done to compare vacuum delivery and cesarean section rates in a large population before and after on-demand labor epidural analgesia became available. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the overall sets of delivery modes in patients who gave birth during a 12-month period before the introduction of on-demand labor epidural analgesia, and those giving birth after labor epidural analgesia became available. Additionally, we compared the rates of cesarean section or vacuum delivery in patients delivering before and after the availability of on-demand labor epidural. RESULTS: Included were 3905 patients who delivered before, and 4318 patients who delivered after epidural analgesia became available. Labor epidural rates were 0.3% vs 14.7% for the before and after groups. The rates of cesarean delivery for dystocia in primary cesarean operation did not change (10% vs 10.5%), and vacuum delivery rates in the total vaginal delivery patients were not changed (15.1% vs 14.7%) for the before and after group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased epidural analgesia did not change the overall cesarean delivery rates for dystocia and vacuum - assisted delivery rates.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Cesarean Section* ; Dystocia ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vacuum*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to implement a software to visualize tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts simultaneously using diffusion tensor imaging and examine the feasibility of our software for investigating the influence of tumor on its surrounding fiber connectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR examination including T1-weigted and diffusion tensor images of a patient with brain tumor was performed on a 3.0 T MRI unit. We used the skull-striped brain and segmented tumor images for volume/surface rendering and anatomical information from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Diffusion tensor images for the white matter fiber-tractography were acquired using a SE-EPI with a diffusion scheme of 25 directions. Fiber-tractography was performed using the streamline and tensorline methods. To correct a spatial mismatch between T1- weighted and diffusion tensor images, they were coregistered using a SPM. Our software was implemented under window-based PC system. RESULTS: We successfully implemented the integrated visualization of the fiber tracts with tube-like surfaces, cortical surface and the tumor with volume/surface renderings in a patient with brain tumor. CONCLUSION: Our result showed the feasibility of the integrated visualization of brain tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts. In addition, our implementation for integrated visualization can be utilized to navigate the brain for the quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy to assess changes in the white matter tract integrity of edematic and peri-edematic regions in a number of tumor patients.
Anisotropy ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sufficient sleep is an essential part of good health and well-being. Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache and has negative impacts on the quality of life and work performance. We aimed to determinethe relationship between TTH and insufficient sleep in the general population. METHODS: This study used data from the Korean Headache Sleep Study, which was a population-based survey about headache and sleep among Korean adults. Insufficient sleep was defined when the discrepancy between sleep need and average sleep duration was at least 1 hour. RESULTS: Among the 2,695 included subjects, 570 (21.2%) and 727 (27.0%) were classified as having TTH and insufficient sleep, respectively. The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly higher among subjects with TTH than among those without headaches (28.8% vs. 20.4%). For subjects with TTH, the scores on a visual analogue scale (4.7±1.8 vs. 4.3±1.9, mean±SD) and the Headache Impact Test-6 (44.9±7.0 vs. 43.6±6.1) were much higher in subjects with insufficient sleep than in those without insufficientsleep. Multivariable analyses revealed that insomnia [odds ratio (OR)=2.1], poor sleep quality (OR=1.7), and short sleep duration (OR=6.9) were significantly associated with insufficient sleep in subjects with TTH. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that insufficient sleep is prevalent among subjects with TTH and is linked to an exacerbation of TTH. Therefore, the proper evaluation and management of sleep may lead to the better management of TTH.
Adult ; Epidemiology ; Headache ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Tension-Type Headache* ; Work Performance