No abstract available.
Polydactyly*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Siblings*

The noise is defined as unwanted sound that causes discomfort and physical changes. This study was conducted to evaluate intensity of noise in the pediatric dental clinic and to investigate noise environment of a pediatric dentist. Human ear shaped microphone and mobile noise level meter were used for recording noise and calculating intensity of noise.
By recording according to the method specified by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) of Korea Ministry of labor and employment, the following results were obtained. For 16 experimental days, 8 hour time weighted average (8hr-TWA) was 49.33 dBA (A-weighted deci-Bell) on daily average with maximum 58.54 dBA and minimum 33.97 dBA. And Dose was 0.49% on daily average with maximum 1.28%, minimum 0.04%. These values are less than criteria of KOSHA standard (85 dBA, 100%). Comparing the highest noise level for each patient, pulp therapy group and Frankel grade I group were the highest.
The intensity of dental noise of pediatric dental clinic didn’t meet standard of KOSHA. It is necessary to re-evaluate noise environment by establishing new standards considering environment of pediatric dental clinic.

Black staining of the teeth in children and adolescents does not cause pain or serious illness, but it can be socially debilitating for esthetic reasons. Black staining is easily removed through periodic professional mechanical tooth cleaning and ultrasonic scaling, but it can easily recur within few months. Using essential oil-containing mouth rinses diluted at 50% twice per day could prevent the black staining from returning after it is removed, reducing the need for mechanical treatments and improving esthetics.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this stady is to define the clinical characteristics of Tsutsugamushi disease. METHODS: We analyzed 12 cases of tsutsugamushi disease admitted to BAG AE general hospital from 1999. Oct. 1st to Dec. 10. Tsutsugamushi disease was diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. RESULTS: 1) Among them, 8 cases were female and 4 cases were male. The prevalence was predominantly high in female. 2) The age distribution ranged from 40 to 80 years old. The high incidence of age was 70's and 80's. 3) The peak incidene was showed between October and November.(91.6%). 4) The most frequent symptoms were fever and chills(91.6%). 5) Rash and eschar were observed in 83.3%(10 of 12) both. 6) Hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were also observed in 25%(3 of 12), 16.6%(2 of 12) respectively. 7) The Laboratory finding showed the elevation of AST 66.6% (8 of 12), ALT 58.3%(7 of 12), alkaline phosphatase 25%(3 of 12) and LDH 25%(3 of 12). Albuminuria and hypoalbuminuria were also observed in 25%(3 of 12), 58.3%(7 of 12) respectively. 8) The therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline was excellent. CONCLUSION: Tsutsugamushi disease which appeared in Pyoungtack area showed typical clinical pattern and was effective to doxycycline treatment.
Age Distribution ; Aged, 80 and over ; Albuminuria ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Doxycycline ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Prevalence ; Scrub Typhus*

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Heart* ; Rats*

We report the delayed sequelae arising in a case of electrical injury, reviewing the literature on the subject and focusing on the MRI findings of the brain. A 23-year-old male suffered burns to the left parietal scalp, both feet, and the anterior chest wall. Neurological symptoms and MRI abnormalities appeared 14 days after the insult and continued for about three months. T1-weighted MR images demonstrated homogeneous hypointensity, while T2-weighted images depicted hyperintense finger-like projections. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images demonstrated strong band-like enhancement, indicating meningeal hyperemia. Follow-up MR imaging showed that the lesion had disappeared, indicating that the cerebral edema and meningeal hyperemia were reversible.
Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Burns* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp ; Thoracic Wall ; Young Adult

Patient-derived tumor xenograft is the transfer of primary human tumors directly into an immunodeficient mouse. Patient-derived tumor xenograft plays an important role in the development and evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents. We succeeded in generating a patient-derived tumor xenograft of a biliary tumor obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration from a patient who had an inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This patient-derived tumor xenograft will be a promising tool for individualized cancer therapy and can be used in developing new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of biliary cancer in the future.
Aged ; Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*pathology/surgery ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Heterografts/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods

BACKGROUND: The opioid agonist fentanyl has been used at induction of anesthesia to stabilize hemodynamic parameters. But it can induce cough and in some patients, it can be hazardous. We investigated the effect of alpha2- agonist clonidine premedication on fentanyl induced cough reflex. METHODS: 83 patients (ASA class 1) were involved in this study and divided into two groups: Group 1 (no premedication group, n=43) and Group 2 (clonidine 300 microgram p .o. 1 hour prior to anesthesia, n=40). Before induction of anesthesia, in each group, fentanyl was injected within 1 second through a peripheral venous cannula in dorsum of hand and rapid fluid infusion was followed. We checked cough response, cough emerging time and it's duration. We graded the duration of cough into grade I and II (Grade I: shorter than 5 seconds, Grade II: longer than 5 seconds). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of fentanyl induced cough reflex between Group 1 (34.9%) and Group 2 (25.6%). The incidence of Grade II is higher in Group 1 (18.3%) than in Group 2 (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Clonidine, as a premedication agent, couldn't reduce the incidence of fentanyl induced cough reflex. But it reduced the degree of cough response.
Anesthesia ; Catheters ; Clonidine* ; Cough* ; Fentanyl* ; Hand ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Premedication ; Reflex*