The pathogenetic mechanism of nonatopic asthma has not yet been defined. The idea of a possible involvement of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma has been proposed by earlier studies. To evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune response against bronchial epithelial cell in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma, we measured circulating autoantibodies to cultured human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B cell line) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used stored serum samples form 38 age-matched healthy controls, 26 adult patients with atopic asthma, 16 adult patients with nonatopic asthma, and 12 adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Levels of IgG autoantibodies to bronchial epithelial cell were significantly higher in patients with nonatopic asthma (mean+/-SD of absorbance values; 0.135+/-0.030) and systemic lupus erythematosus (0.293+/-0.181) than in healthy controls (0.112+/-0.016) and patients with atopic asthma (0.116+/-0.031) (p<0.05). This study showed that levels of circulating IgG autoantibodies to bronchial epithelial cell were increased in adult patients with nonatopic asthma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma.
Adult ; Asthma/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/*blood ; Bronchi/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Human ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; IgG/blood

OBJECTIVETo determine the diagnostic values of plasma CD64 and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in children with pneumonia.

METHODSSixty children with pneumonia between August 2014 and October 2015 were classified into bacterial pneumonia group (25 cases), viral pneumonia group (17 cases), and Mycoplasma pneumonia group (18 cases) according to their clinical manifestations, pathogen cultures, and X-ray findings. Another 30 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The concentrations of CD64 and sTREM-1 in blood samples were determined using ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of plasma CD64 and/or sTREM-1 for bacterial pneumonia.

RESULTSThe expression of CD64 and sTREM-1 in the bacterial pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in the viral pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and control groups (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curves of CD64, sTREM-1, and a combination of the two markers for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia were 0.878, 0.805, and 0.956, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CD64 for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia were 81.30% and 92.32%, respectively, when the cut-off value was 641 pg/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of sTREM-1 for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia were 78.65% and 84.67%, respectively, when the cut-off value was 1 479 pg/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of the two markers for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia were 93.15% and 91.54%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPlasma CD64 and sTREM-1 can be used as markers for diagnosing pediatric bacterial pneumonia, and a combination of the two markers results in better diagnosis.

Biomarkers ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; blood ; Pneumonia ; blood ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Receptors, IgG ; blood ; Receptors, Immunologic ; blood ; Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1

OBJECTIVETo review and summarize literature regarding stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways from different types of Fc gamma receptors (FcgammaRs).

DATA SOURCEArticles were obtained from Medline from January 1991 to April 2002.

STUDY SELECTIONOver 100 English language papers and reviews published over the last 11 years were selected.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSStimulatory Fcgamma receptors include FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIC, and FcgammaRIII A. They transduce signals through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in subunits or in the cytoplasmic domain. Inhibitory Fcgamma receptors, such as FcgammaRIIB, are single chain receptors, transducing signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in cytoplasmic domains. Stimulatory signals include protein phosphorylation, increase in intracellular free calcium, the production of 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol (IP(3)) and diacylglycerol (DAG) mainly through the Src-family kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and phospholipase C (PLC). Inhibitory signaling has been implicated in the repression of the above activities as well as inhibition of B cell responses through Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP).

Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Humans ; Phagocytes ; physiology ; Receptors, IgG ; chemistry ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical value of expression of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in adults with measles complicating pneumonia.

METHODS106 patients were divided into two groups by clinical manifestation and bacteria study: measles complicating bacterial pneumonia group and measles complicating viral pneumonia, using flow cytometry determination of CD64, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count.

RESULTSThe expression of CD64 in the bacterial pneumonia group with eruptive stage was (32.15 +/- 11.07) MFI, which was significantly higher than that in the group of with recovery stage (10.6 +/- 3.23) MFI (P < 0.01) and viral pneumonia (9.55 +/- 3.48) MFI (P < 0.01). These markers were considered positive if CD64 > or = 8.5 MFI, CRP > or = 10 mg/L and WBC > or = 9.05 x 10(9)/L. Their sensitivity was 78.12%, 80.48% and 59.37%. Their specificity was 76.19% ,67.67% and 64.28%. Their accuracy rate was 77.35%, 74.52%, 61.32%; CD64 has a positive relationship with CRP.

CONCLUSIONCompared to CRP, expression of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 can be a better marker in the early diagnosis of patients with measles complicating bacterial pneumonia and as one of the indicators of disease conditions.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; blood ; metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; methods ; Male ; Measles ; blood ; immunology ; microbiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Receptors, IgG ; biosynthesis ; blood ; immunology

Little is known about the prevalence of naturally acquired IgG antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal IgG) in Korea. In the present study, we investigated transplacental transfer and age-related levels of pneumococcal IgG to provide background seroepidemiologic data for S. pneumoniae in Korea. One hundred thirty eight sera were assayed by ELISA for IgG to pneumococcal polysaccharide capsular serotypes 14 and 19, the predominant serotypes for under 15 yr of age in Korea. The subjects were divided into 7 subgroups according to age. The cord/maternal geometric mean titer of pneumococcal were 4.47+/-5.88/5.21 +/- 5.88 for serotype 14, and 4.68 +/- 5.55/6.55 +/- 6.92 for serotype 1 9 (mean +/- standard deviation, microg/mL). After birth, the geometric mean titers of pneumococcal IgG for serotypes 14 and 19 expressed in microg/mL were 1.18+/-2.12 and 1.41+/-2.17 in the 0-6 months group, 0.27+/-0.19 and 0.69+/-0.93 in 7-12 months, 0.21+/-0.22 and 0.64+/-1.32 in 1-2 yr, 0.69+/-0.78 and 2.65+/-2.46 in 3-6 yr, 2.52+/-2.72 and 8.29+/-4.24 in 7-10 yr, respectively. In conclusion, reduced transplacental transfer and very low serum concentrations of pneumococcal IgG may contribute to the susceptibility of neonates, infants, and young children to S. pneumoniae infection.
Age Factors ; Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism* ; Bacterial Capsules/immunology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; IgG/metabolism* ; IgG/blood ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange* ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology* ; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The pathogenic mechanism of aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA-BA) remains to be further defined. To evaluate the role of circulating immune complex (CIC) in ASA-BA. SUBJECTS & METHODS: We measured IgG- and IgA-IC level by ELISA using anti-C3 antibody in 33 ASA-BA patients whose sensitivity was confirmed by lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test, and compared with those of 14 allergic, 14 intrinsic asthma patients and 7 healthy controls. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in IgG-IC level among the four groups (p > 0.05), while IgA-IC levels of aspirin-sensitive asthma were higher than those of other groups (p = 0.0035). Patients with nasal polyp had significantly higher IgG-IC than those without it (p = 0.02). No differences were found according to medication and symptom scores, and presence of atopy, rhino-sinusitis, urticaria or concurrent sensitivity to sulfite (p > 0.05). Insignificant correlation was found between IgG-IC level and asthma duration, total IgE level, or circulating eosinophil count. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a possible contribution of IgG-IC to the development of nasal polyp in ASA-BA. Further study will be needed to clarify the role of IgA-IC in the pathogenesis of ASA-BA.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/blood* ; Aspirin/adverse effects* ; Asthma/immunology* ; Asthma/etiology* ; Asthma/complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Human ; IgA/blood ; IgG/blood ; Middle Age ; Nasal Polyps/etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical value of the expression of neutrophil surface CD64 in the diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia in children.

METHODSNinety-eight children with community acquired pneumonia were recruited into the study and were classified into three groups according to pathogene: bacterial pneumonia (n=48), viral pneumonia (n=29) and Mycoplasmal pneumonia (n=21). Twenty healthy children were enrolled as controls. The bacterial infection group was subdivided into mild infection (n=36) and severe infection groups (n=12). The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 were measured using flow cytometry. Dynamic changes of C-reactive protein were also detected for each patient.

RESULTSThe CD64 index and CRP levels in the bacterial pneumonia group were significantly higher than in the other three groups (P<0.05). The CD64 index in the severe bacterial infection group was significantly higher than in the mild group (P<0.05). After antibiotic treatment, expression of CD64 in the severe bacterial infection group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The CD64 index was positively correlated with CRP value (r=0.545, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the threshold of CD64 and CRP was 2.8 and 8 mg/L respectively. Specificity of CD64 index (90%) was much higher than CRP (74%).

CONCLUSIONSThe determination of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 contributes to the early diagnosis of pulmonary bacterial infection and the evaluation of anti-infection effect.

C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; blood ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neutrophils ; chemistry ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; blood ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Receptors, IgG ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of combined determination of neutrophil CD64 and procalcitonin (PCT) in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.

METHODSAccording to discharge diagnosis, 37 neonates with bacterial infection were divided into sepsis (n=15) and ordinary infection (non-sepsis) groups (n=22). Twenty-one neonates without infection who were hospitalized during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected immediately after admission. Flow cytometry was used to measure the serum level of neutrophil CD64. Chemiluminescence and immune transmission turbidimetry were used to measure the serum levels of PCT and CRP respectively.

RESULTSThe sepsis group had higher serum levels of neutrophil CD64, PCT, and CRP than the control group (P<0.01), the ordinary infection group had a higher serum level of neutrophil CD64 than the control group (P<0.01), and the sepsis group had higher serum levels of PCT and CRP than the ordinary infection group (P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of neutrophil CD64, PCT, and CRP in diagnosing bacterial infection were 0.818, 0.818, and 0.704 respectively, and the AUC of combined neutrophil CD64 and PCT was 0.926. A combination of neutrophil CD64 and PCT had a sensitivity of 97.29% and an accuracy of 89.65% in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.The sensitivity and accuracy were higher than those of a combination of CRP and neutrophil CD64 or PCT as well as neutrophil CD64, PCT, or CRP alone for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined determination of neutrophil CD64 and PCT can improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection, which helps with early identification of bacterial infection.

Bacterial Infections ; blood ; diagnosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcitonin ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neutrophils ; chemistry ; ROC Curve ; Receptors, IgG ; blood

The efficacy of a formalin-inactivated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) vaccine and the effectiveness of a related vaccination program have not been previously evaluated. We measured the primary immune responses to Hantavax by plaque reduction neutralizing antibody test (PRNT), hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI), ELISA and high density particle agglutination test (HDPA) in order to confirm a possible biological efficacy through independent substantiation of experimental results and to compare the results with previous studies. Following two doses of primary vaccination, the seroconversion rate of PRNT and HAI antibody was 33.3% (10/30)[95% C.I. 17.3-52.5%] and 26.7% (8/30) [95% C.I. 12.3-45.9%], respectively. The correlation between PRNT and HAI antibody showed a statistical significance (r=0.58, p 0.01). The seroconversion rate of HDPA and ELISA were both 76.7% (23/30) [95% C.I. 57.7-90.1%], which correlated well with each other(r=0.58, p 0.01). In our study, Hantavax elicited low neutralizing antibody responses, at least in the volunteers samples that we tested. The vaccination program, including the vaccine itself, that has been adopted by the national immunization program to protect against HFRS in Korea should be re-evaluated and re-formulated to produce a higher protective immune response rate.
Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*blood ; Hantaan Virus/*immunology ; Human ; IgG/blood ; Korea ; Middle Age ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology

The functional immaturity of PMNs is one of the major causes of overwhelming sepsis in newborns. In this study, we observed functions and surface markers of PMNs to investigate what causes the functional immaturity of PMNs in newborns. As results, the percentage of EA rosette forming PMNs (58.5 +/- 15.5%) and the chemotactic movement (0.14 +/- 0.09 mm) of cord blood PMNs were significantly lower than those of adult peripheral blood PMNs (70.8 +/- 9.9%, 0.60 +/- 0.34 mm). Cord blood PMNs showed decreased glass adherence and ADCC activity. The expression of Fc gamma RII or Fc gamma RIII was a little lower than those of adult peripheral blood PMNs, but the expression of Fc gamma RI (43.1 +/- 26.8%) was significantly higher than that of adult peripheral blood PMNs (3.2 +/- 1.8%). There was a significant difference in LFA-1 expression between EA rosette forming PMNs (92.9 +/- 9.1%) and EA rosette non-forming PMNs (25.6 +/- 22.6%). From these results, it is assumed that neonatal PMNs may consist of heterogeneous populations. And the relatively high percentage of EA rosette non-forming PMNs which express a low level of LFA-1 may be responsible for the functional immaturity of cord blood PMNs.
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Cell Adhesion ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Fetal Blood/*cytology ; Human ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*physiology ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; Receptors, IgG/*physiology ; Rosette Formation