PURPOSE: To report a case study of a penetrating fish hook ocular injury. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old male visited the emergency department complaining that he injured his eye with a fish hook. He had no specific ophthalmologic or medical history. A fish hook had penetrated the sclera 1.5 mm temporal to the limbus. The tip of the fish hook was visible at the posterior surface of the lens. His visual acuity was hand motion. The fish hook was removed through the entrance wound using the backout method. Anterior chamber irrigation and extracapsular cataract extraction with phacoemulsification were performed and intracameral antibiotic injection administered. Intraocular lens implantation was performed at a later date. Presently, the patient has a best correctional visual acuity of 0.7 with no signs of infections. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of ocular fish hook injury, determining a removal method is crucial for recovery. Herein, we report a case of successfully treated fish hook ocular perforation along with a literature review.
Anterior Chamber ; Athletic Injuries ; Cataract Extraction ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Sclera ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To report a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome who suffered from sudden decrease in visual acuity after bevacizumab injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old patient visited the Department of Ophthalmology due to progressively decreasing visual acuity in the right eye. Corrected visual acuity in his right eye was 0.1 on the first visit; ocular ischemic syndrome was suspected. Despite panretinal photocoagulation, severe iris neovascularization was still present in the right eye. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was performed to regress the iris neovascularization. One day after injection, iris neovascularization regressed significantly, however, visual acuity was decreased to finger counting. CONCLUSIONS: In ocular ischemic syndrome, bevacizumab injection for reduction of iris neovascularization should be carefully considered due to possibility of acute visual loss.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Fingers ; Humans ; Iris ; Light Coagulation ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To report a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome who suffered from sudden decrease in visual acuity after bevacizumab injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old patient visited the Department of Ophthalmology due to progressively decreasing visual acuity in the right eye. Corrected visual acuity in his right eye was 0.1 on the first visit; ocular ischemic syndrome was suspected. Despite panretinal photocoagulation, severe iris neovascularization was still present in the right eye. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was performed to regress the iris neovascularization. One day after injection, iris neovascularization regressed significantly, however, visual acuity was decreased to finger counting. CONCLUSIONS: In ocular ischemic syndrome, bevacizumab injection for reduction of iris neovascularization should be carefully considered due to possibility of acute visual loss.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Fingers ; Humans ; Iris ; Light Coagulation ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To report a case of recurrent uveitis associated with autoimmune liver disease. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old female with severe fatigue and arthritis visited the ophthalmology department due to decreased visual acuity and discomfort in her right eye for ten days. She had intermittent injection and blurred vision in both eyes for 30 years. Slit lamp examination of her right eye showed keratic precipitates, pigment deposits on the anterior capsule of the lens and anterior chamber cells; fundus examination was normal without any sign of chorioretinitis. Inflammatory reaction was improved after steroid and cycloplegic eye drop treatment. Two months later, her left eye developed anterior uveitis. Inflammation was well controlled with steroid and cycloplegic eye drop treatment. To evaluate the cause of uveitis and associated systemic disease, serological testing was performed, and abnormal elevation of liver enzymes was detected. The patient was referred to the Gastroenterology Department and diagnosed with autoimmune liver disease. Oral ursodeoxycholic acid was prescribed. Liver function profile improved to normal range, and the patient is currently under routine follow-up with no sign of recurrent uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: When a patient with recurrent uveitis presents symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice or abnormal liver profile, association with autoimmune liver disease should be considered.
Abdominal Pain ; Anterior Capsule of the Lens ; Anterior Chamber ; Arthritis ; Chorioretinitis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroenterology ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Liver Diseases* ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Ophthalmology ; Reference Values ; Serologic Tests ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To analyze the association of visual efficiency and quality of life using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). METHODS: The present study included 5,244 glaucoma or glaucoma suspect subjects who completed a visual acuity test, visual field test and health-related questionnaire from the KNHANES V. Visual efficiency was calculated using best corrected visual acuity and visual field test. Quality of life was assessed with EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D). Visual efficiency was compared with best corrected vision of the better eye to evaluate the relationship with quality of life. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and partial correlations analysis were used to analyze the associations between factors. RESULTS: Both visual efficiency and best corrected visual acuity of the better eye were significantly different with all EQ-5D parameters (p < 0.005). After controlling for age, gender, income, education, spouse and house ownership, visual efficiency showed a positive correlation coefficient of +0.040 (p = 0.006) with the quality of life and the best corrected visual acuity of the better eye showed negative correlation coefficient of -0.044 (p = 0.002) with the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Visual efficiency was associated with the quality of life. Not only visual acuity but also visual efficiency would be a valuable parameter when considering the quality of life. Further studies are needed to evaluate non-glaucomatous populations.
Education ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Ownership ; Quality of Life* ; Spouses ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

PURPOSE: The authors of the present case report observed a bilateral retinal racemose hemangioma which was located within the peripapillary area. CASE SUMMARY: A 17-year-old man presented with floaters in both eyes. Fundus revealed tortuous and anastomosed retinal vasculature around the optic disc. In addition, fluorescein angiography showed a non-leaking retinal arteriovenous anastomosis. Seven years after the initial visit, vitreous hemorrhage occurred in the patient's left eye, and then 1 year later, subretinal hemorrhage was found in his left eye. CONCLUSIONS: Because retinal racemose hemangioma can accompany vitreous hemorrhage and subretinal hemorrhage regardless of size, a routine periodic ophthalmic examination is recommended.
Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemangioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To observe the degree of damage in a 30-gauge injection needle by observing the changes in needle tip following an intravitreal injection with the use of a scanning electron microscope. METHODS: The present study evaluated 11 injection needles collected following the use of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Ten unused injection needles were selected as the control group. Needle examination was performed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Following 11 intravitreal injections, seven bent needle tips, two stubbed needle tips and two almost normal needle tips were observed following intravitreal injections. In the control group, a single damaged needle tip was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Significant damage to the needle tip was observed following intravitreal injection using a 30-gauge injection needle. The results indicate that needles should be manipulated carefully during an intravitreal injection. Additionally, in the control group where no procedures were performed, a single injection needle with damaged status was found. These results indicate that needles should be replaced in cases in which resistance is perceived during the procedure.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Electrons ; Intravitreal Injections ; Microscopy, Electron ; Needles ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of 9 mm and 7 mm bilateral recession of the superior rectus muscle in patients with bilateral dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) who had a deviation difference between the non-fixing and fixing eyes of less than 8PD. METHODS: The subjects were chosen from the patients who visited our hospital for DVD between January 2001 and November 2003. We reviewed the surgical records of 19 patients who had undergone 9 mm recession of superior rectus muscle in the non-fixing eye and 7 mm in fixing eye, and who had been followed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: A residual DVD less than 8PD was regarded as successful. The overall success rate was 73.7%. The success rate of 10~14PD preoperative deviation of the non-fixing eye was 80.0%, and that of 15~19PD preoperative deviation of the non-fixing eye was 75.0%. However, the success rate was 66.7% in recession for the deviation over 20PD. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral recession of 9 mm and 7 mm of the superior rectus muscle was effective for bilateral DVD in which the deviation difference of the non-fixing eye and fixing eyes was less than 8PD.
Humans

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS: The subjects were chosen from patients who visited our hospital for glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension in the 6-month period from A to B (Ed-give the dates). SGB was performed one or four times with 15 eyes from four types of glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension patients. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of eyes that had undergone SGB was checked after 1 hour following SGB. We investigated the efficacy of SGB on the 15 patients. RESULTS: In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), early secondary glaucoma and post-operative ocular hypertension, the mean IOP of eyes that had undergone SGB decreased after 1 hour following SGB. However, in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and advanced secondary glaucoma, there was a rise in mean IOP after 1 hour following SGB. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, SGB may be effective in treating POAG, early secondary glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension. However, in PACG and advanced secondary glaucoma, SGB may be considered to be harmful treatment modality.
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypertension ; Stellate Ganglion*

A 53-year-old woman visited the Department of Rheumatology with a chief complaint of a 3-day history of fever and chills and also presented with pain occuring in both knees at the time of outpatient visit. Based on rheumatologic and hematological lab studies, ultrasonography, and a needle aspiration biopsy of the articular cavity, the patient was diagnosed with reactive arthritis. On hospitalization day 3, consultation with the Department of Ophthalmology was requested regarding decreased visual acuity lasting for 3 days. Upon ophthalmologic examination, the corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye and 0.05 in the left eye. Upon slit lamp microscopy, there were no abnormal findings in the anterior segment. Upon fundus examination, however, there were yellow-white lesions in the macular area of both eyes. Fluorescein angiographywas performed to assess the macular lesions, and the findings were suggestive of macular infarction in both eyes. Due to a lack of other underlying disease, a past surgical history, and a past history of drug administration, the patient was diagnosed with macular infarction in both eyes associated with reactive arthritis. To date, there have been no other such cases reported. In a patient with reactive arthritis, we experienced a case of macular infarction in both eyes, which occurred without association with a past history of specific drug use or underlying disease. Herein, we report our case, with a review of the literature.
Angiography ; Arthritis, Reactive/*complications/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction/diagnosis/*etiology ; Macula Lutea/*blood supply ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Optical Coherence