Astrocytes are the most numerous cellular elements in the cerebrum, and they normally have a very slow turnover rate. But during regeneration after injury, they proliferate markedly resulting in astrogliosis. The extracellular matrix in the central nervous system is present in the vessel walls and in the external glia limitans as a basal lamina. The presence of an intact extracellular matrix framework is important in regeneration after injury. Understanding the properties of astrocytic proliferation will be helpful to find out new treatment for functional recovery in the central nervous system. In this study, after cryogenic injury was performed on the cerebral cortex in rats, changes in astrocytes and the extracellular matrix were observed using light microscopy, immunohistochemical stain for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen, autoradiography and electron microscopy. The results were as follows; 1) The coagulative necrosis, which followed cryogenic injury on the cerebral cortex was healed, forming a new pia mater above the lesion. 2) Some of the PCNA positive cells were astrocytes and some of the GFAP positive cells showed a positive reaction to PCNA. 3) Proliferating astrocytes labelled by autoradiography or immunohistochemical stain for PCNA reached maximal numbers 3days after the injury and they were no longer found 2 weeks after injury. 4) In autoradiography with immunohistochemical stain for GFAP, about 1% of GFAP positive astrocytes were labelled by autoradiography and in double immunohistochemical stain for PCNA and GFAP, about 8-16% of GFAP positive astrocytes were also stained by PCNA. 5) In immunohistochemical stain for fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen, laminin and type IV collagen were present in the newly formed blood vessel walls and fibronectin showed a diffuse positive reaction within the lesion. The new pia mater was formed within 2 weeks after the injury. 6) On electron microscopic examination, basal lamina material was found in the vessel wall 1 week after the injury and at 2 weeks, a nearly complete and continuous basal lamina was formed although the thickness was uneven. According to these findings, astrocytes in the cerebral cortex of adult rats proliferate very early in the regenerative period after cryogenic injury. At 2 weeks after the injury, this regeneration ceases and the damaged basal lamina of pia mater and vessel wall were reconstituted.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.
Nerve Regeneration* ; Silicones*

No abstract available.
Cartilage

Postoperative cheek cysts develop as a delayed complication of Caldwell-Luc operation, usually 10 to 20 years following the surgery. The general clinical presentations are swelling of the cheek, accompanied by dull maxillary facial pain and numbness. Enlarged postoperative cheek cysts infrequently protrude into the orbit and elevate the eyeball, causing double vision. Recently, we experienced two cases of exophthalmos caused by the protrusion of a postoperative cheek cyst into the orbit. One patient, a 39-year-old man, underwent Caldwell-Luc operation 21 years ago, and the other patient, a 53-year-old man, 36 years ago. We were able to secure an accurate measurement of the defective orbital floor using the preoperative 3-dimensional reconstruction CT scan. The postoperative cheek cyst was completely removed using the endonasal and transantral endoscopic approach, and the widely defective orbital floor was reconstructed with Medpor(R).
Adult ; Cheek* ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos* ; Facial Pain ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fracuture-dislocation of the cuboid is an extremely rere injury compared with fracture-dislocation of other tarsal bones. We report a case of the fracture-dislocation of the cuboid treated by open reduction and internal fixation.
Tarsal Bones

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect. All PDAs, regardless of size or degree of symptoms, require occlusion. Transcatheter PDA occlusion features fewer complications than trans-thoracic closure. It is also more cost-effective and has an excellent occlusion rate. Therefore, transcatheter PDA occlusion is accepted as the standard treatment option for PDA. However, tubular-type PDAs are difficult to close with ordinary detachable coils or the Amplatzer Duct Occluder; thus, these lesions remain a challenge for transcatheter closure. We attempted to occlude a tubular-type PDA by using an oversized Amplatzer Vascular Plug, which allowed intraluminal packing of the ductus. By using this treatment method, PDA occlusion was achieved safely with an excellent final outcome. We suggest that this approach may be a good option for transcatheter closure of a tubular-type PDA.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Defects, Congenital

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect. All PDAs, regardless of size or degree of symptoms, require occlusion. Transcatheter PDA occlusion features fewer complications than trans-thoracic closure. It is also more cost-effective and has an excellent occlusion rate. Therefore, transcatheter PDA occlusion is accepted as the standard treatment option for PDA. However, tubular-type PDAs are difficult to close with ordinary detachable coils or the Amplatzer Duct Occluder; thus, these lesions remain a challenge for transcatheter closure. We attempted to occlude a tubular-type PDA by using an oversized Amplatzer Vascular Plug, which allowed intraluminal packing of the ductus. By using this treatment method, PDA occlusion was achieved safely with an excellent final outcome. We suggest that this approach may be a good option for transcatheter closure of a tubular-type PDA.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Defects, Congenital

Pulsatile tinnitus is perceived as sounds that vary in frequency, intensity and duration. It is also characterised by its unique feature of rhythmicity that is synchronous with the human pulse. Clinically, it is a serious disorder because it is associated with other life threatening or curable diseases. Pulsatile tinnitus may originate from several sites including the arterial, arteriovenous, venous vessels and the myoclonus. Jugular bulb diverticulum, one of the causes of venous pulsatile tinnitus, is observed as a protrusion of the jugular vein lumen with a waist like margin. It may extend either laterally in the tympanic cavity or medially towards the petrous pyramid close to the inner ear. This leads to pulsatile tinnitus, sensorineural or conductive hearing loss and vertigo. In this paper we report a recent case in which we confirmed jugular bulb diverticulum in a 59 years-old woman whose complaint of pulsatile tinnitus was spontaneously disappeared during the follow up.
Diverticulum* ; Ear, Inner ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Periodicity ; Petrous Bone ; Tinnitus* ; Vertigo

Infratemporal fossa abscess is difficult to diagnose by conventional physical examination because of the anatomic location of this structure. Infratemporal fossa abscess has been seen secondary to maxillary sinus fracture and infections involving the maxillary molars. It is difficult to observe on plain films but is readily apparent on CT evaluation. The loss of the retromaxillary fat plane is the most notable feature. Streptococcus spp and Bacteroides spp have been isolated from the abscess. Therapy consists of incision and drainage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. The following case report and review of the literature are offered in hope of alerting physicians to the occurrence of this disease and to the circumstances in which the diagnosis should be actively excluded.

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis* ; Pancytopenia*