PURPOSE: The study was to identify the relationships between levels of knowledge, attitude and preventive health behavior about cancer in university students. METHODS: The data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. The participants of this study were 200 university students. Three kinds of instruments were used for this study, questionnaires about cancer-related knowledge, attitude and preventive health behavior from Suh et al. (1998). RESULTS: The mean score for knowledge about cancer was 14.33+/-5.32, the mean score of attitude toward cancer was 31.76+/-3.75 and the mean score of preventive behavior for cancer was 57.20+/-8.48. There was slightly positive correlation between knowledge of cancer and attitude toward cancer. There was positive correlation between the attitude toward cancer and preventive health behavior for cancer. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider the related factors for the development and implementation of systematic education programs that can encourage and promote preventive health behavior for cancer among university students.
Health Behavior ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We reviewed 7 cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (4 cases of classical mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and 3 cases of atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN)) using immuno-histochemical and flow cytometric study. Results are as follows. 1) The mean tumor size was 5 (3 to 7cm)cm in CMN and 9 (7 to 10cm)cm in AMN. The AMN revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in two Of three cases. A case of AMN showed cystic change without hemorrhage and necrosis. Mitotic count ranged in 0~4/10HPF in CMN and 20-35/10HPF in AMN. 2) Immunohistochemistry for vimentin was all positive. Actin, desmin were weakly positive in CMN, but negative in AMN. The findings were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation in CMN and AMN was considered to be the less differentiated form of CMN. 3) Flow cytometiic analysis showed diploidy in two of two CMNs and two of three AMNs. Only one AMN showed aneuploidy with DNA index of 1.41. %SG2M were 8.1 and 15.9 (mean 12.0) in CMN and 16.9, 32.9 and 19.3 (mean 22.9) in AMN, respectively. We concluded that AMN should be distinguished from CMN, clinicopathologically.

PURPOSE: Around the world, male nurses face a variety of difficulties within clinical settings; accordingly, a large number of male nurses consider changing their occupation. In particular, male nurses in a number of Asian countries with a Confucian heritage experience difficulties. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore individual differences in turnover intention among male nurses in one such country, South Korea, and on that basis to suggest concrete strategies for reducing turnover among male nurses in Confucian cultures. METHODS: Q methodology, which is used to analyze human subjectivity, was applied. Q statements were derived from 207 candidate statements gathered from various documents and interviews; 40 statements were finalized. A purposive sample of 41 male nurses was selected as likely to have diverse opinions on turnover intention of male nurses. The collected data were analyzed using PQMethod software. RESULTS: Four distinct types of subjectivity about turnover intention among male nurses were identified: (1) “Pursuing occupational values,” (2) “Dissatisfaction with treatment,” (3) “Seeking a relaxed and stable life,” and (4) “Conflict related to organizational culture.” CONCLUSION: This study suggests various ways of reducing turnover and increasing retention among male nurses based on the four identified perspectives, especially in Confucian heritage regions.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Confucianism ; Humans ; Individuality ; Intention* ; Korea* ; Male* ; Nurses, Male* ; Occupations ; Personnel Turnover

PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative research is to explore the background of occurrence of perceived incivility by nursing students in clinical practice.METHOD: Data were collected through focus interviews and individual interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULT: The results showed that three categories that represented the background of occurrence of incivility were scheme which is not cleared, position which is not settled and unequal relationship.CONCLUSION: Since the background of occurrence of perceived incivility is complex, So it is required to macroscopic approach to reduce the perceived incivility of the students in the clinical practice.
Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the distribution of the result of 17,744 cervicovaginal smears and their pathologic results in Inha University Hospital to make a reference data. METHODS: During 28 months, May 1996 to August 1998, we performed 17,774 cervicovaginal smears and arranged them by the Bethesda system and compared them with their pathologic results. RESULTS: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. Among ASCUS, the high grade histologic outcome was composed 4.0%. Among LSIL, there were 15.7%, and HSIL 48.0%, SCC 56.1%, AGUS 9.3%, and Adenocarcinoma, the results was 69.2%. CONCLUSION: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. These results were very similar to other data and we would like to add our data to them as a reference. And the worse the smear results were, the worse the pathologic results were.
Adenocarcinoma

Primary splenic lymphoma (PSL) is often defined as generalized lymphoma with splenic involvement as the dominant feature. It is a rare disease that comprises approximately 1% of all malignant lymphomas. We investigated three cases of non-Hodgkin's splenic lymphoma that had different clinical features on presentation. The patients' survival times from diagnosis ranged from 59 to 143 months, without evidence of relapse after splenectomy and chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. This data suggest that PSL is potentially curable. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact that different treatment modalities without splenectomy have on patient survival.
Splenic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Splenectomy ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Female

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Recurrence*

OBJECTIVE: The fears and side effects of a prolonged hormone replacement therapy on the postmenopausal symptoms reinforce a growing interest about alternatives. The present study was performed to investigate whether black cohosh root extract (BCRE) can be used or not as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in order to relieve postmenopausal symptoms. MATERIAL & METHODS: Randomized, double-blind prospective clinical trial examined the effects of BCRE and HRT on Kupperman index, biochemical bone markers, lipid profiles, and side effects in 74 women with postmenopausal symptoms. Treatments included placebo (Festal(R)) (n=12), BCRE (Feramin(R)) (n=32) and HRT (Premarin(R)) (n=30) for 3 months. Kupperman index, biochemical bone markers (osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 months. Side effects were checked at 3 months. RESULTS: BCRE was significantly effective in lowering of Kupperman index as much as HRT at two control times (1 month: p<0.05, 3 months: p<0.001). It also showed slightly favorable effects on biochemical bone markers and lipid profiles but not statistically significant. Fewer side effects were seen in BCRE than HRT. CONCLUSION: BCRE appears to be a safe and effective alternative to HRT for early postmenopausal symptoms and may be especially useful in women with intolerances or contraindications to traditional HRT.
Cholesterol ; Cimicifuga* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: The fears and side effects of a prolonged hormone replacement therapy on the postmenopausal symptoms reinforce a growing interest about alternatives. The present study was performed to investigate whether black cohosh root extract (BCRE) can be used or not as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in order to relieve postmenopausal symptoms. MATERIAL & METHODS: Randomized, double-blind prospective clinical trial examined the effects of BCRE and HRT on Kupperman index, biochemical bone markers, lipid profiles, and side effects in 74 women with postmenopausal symptoms. Treatments included placebo (Festal(R)) (n=12), BCRE (Feramin(R)) (n=32) and HRT (Premarin(R)) (n=30) for 3 months. Kupperman index, biochemical bone markers (osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 months. Side effects were checked at 3 months. RESULTS: BCRE was significantly effective in lowering of Kupperman index as much as HRT at two control times (1 month: p<0.05, 3 months: p<0.001). It also showed slightly favorable effects on biochemical bone markers and lipid profiles but not statistically significant. Fewer side effects were seen in BCRE than HRT. CONCLUSION: BCRE appears to be a safe and effective alternative to HRT for early postmenopausal symptoms and may be especially useful in women with intolerances or contraindications to traditional HRT.
Cholesterol ; Cimicifuga* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: The primary lymphoma of genitourinary tract is very rare and reported sporadically in Korea. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics with therapeutic outcome in 15 cases of primary lymphoma of genitourinary tract. METHODS: Reviewed retrospectively medical records of 15 cases with primary lymphoma of genitourinary tract who had been diagnosed from January, 1990 to May, 2002, we analysed the clinical characteristics, stage, disease free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: There were 8 cases of lymphoma of testis, 3 cases of uterine cervix and body, 1 case of ovary, 1 case of vagina, and 2 cases of kidney. The histologic types were all diffuse large B cell, except 5 cases (3 cases T/NK cell, 1 case low grade MALT lymphoma, and 1 case precursor B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma). The median survival duration of all cases is 8.0 months, showing the similarity to that of testis lymphoma (7.0 months). CONCLUSION: In comparison with the prognosis of the lymphomas in uterine body and cervix, it was worse for the testicular and renal lymphoma, even though 3 cases of T/NK cell lymphoma impacted on the prognosis of testicular lymphoma. Therefore, with simultaneous elucidation of the prognostic factors systemically, therapeutic strategy must be continuously sought.
Cervix Uteri ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Kidney ; Korea ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Medical Records ; Ovary ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Testis ; Urogenital System ; Vagina