1.Changing Face of Medical Education in Korea
Medical Education 2005;36(6):351-356
1) Korean medical education movement into Anglo-Saxon model is more rapid than the change in Japanese medical education. Health personnel licensing examinations have been sponsored by non-Governmental organization, NHPLEB (National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board) instead of The Ministry of Health since 1994.
2) Though governments in developing countries and former socialistic areas still actively lead medical education system, only a few developed countries stick to such an old system. In Japan, many stakeholders continue to hold consciousness since Edo period that government will determine most of the system. In Korea, the situation is opposite.
3) Korean medical schools began to adopt a new graduate school system (4+4 in 2002; 10 out of 41 medical schools decided to introduce the new system. Such new curriculum structure is compatible with international standard.
4) In Korean medical schools, the budget for human resources seems to be relatively much richer than that in Japan. Reform in Korean medical schools increased the number of professors in each department, though Japanese ones move toward cutback.
5) The Korean Society of Medical Education was established in 1983. The Society holds two annual meetings a year. Spring meeting is similar to the one for the Association for American Medical Colleges and held in conjunction with Nationwide Dean's meeting, including various faculty development workshops and committee meetings as well.
2.Consideration of Using a Home Page as a Teaching Aid
Masashi TSURUSAKI ; Takashi AKASU ; Ichiro YOSHIDA
Medical Education 2002;33(4):269-272
In this article, we describe the use of the home page of “Digestion” for self-learning and review by third-year students of our medical school. A home page should provide an overview of the site for easy navigation and present a briefexplanation of important or difficult terms. The page should minimize previously unseen information but should use multiple colors and animation to keep the student's attention. We propose that a nationwide collection of educational materials be established to avoid copyright problems.
3.Implementation of a portfolio into clinical clerkship at a teaching hospital in Japan
Kosuke USHIJIMA ; Yutaka NAKASHIMA ; Atsushi MATSUMOTO ; Yuhei ITO ; Ichiro YOSHIDA
Medical Education 2007;38(6):407-409
1) We have implemented a portfolio as a learning and assessment tool into clinical clerkship rotation focusing on primary care medicine.
2) We received favorable responses both from students and teachers.
3) It is further required to promote the understanding of portfolio among teachers and students to enhance its utilization.
4.Influence of mouthguards to speech intelligibility.
TOSHIYUKI HAGIWARA ; MASAHITO MIZUKAMI ; HIROSHI YOSHIDA ; ICHIRO KONO
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 1997;46(3):305-310
This study was carried out to examine the influence of mouthguards on speech intelligibility. Nine male rugby football players with normal personal occlusion and normal speech served as subjects. All players took the speech intelligibility test while wearing self-adapted mouthguards, custom-made mouthguards and without wearing mouthguards.
The ratio of correct judgments for speech intelligibility wearing self-adapted mouthguards was significantly lower than that of wearing custom-made ones or of not wearing one. When misjudged syllables were evaluated by using the manner of production for articulation, plosives had a tendency to be misjudged as flapped sounds or as other plosives while subjects were wearing self-adapted and custom-made mouthguards. When misjudged syllables were evaluated by the points of production for articulation, bilabials and velars had a tendency to be misjudged as alveolar sounds while subjects were wearing self-adapted and custom-made mouthguards, and alveolar sounds had a tendency to be misjudged as various sounds while subjects were wearing self-adapted ones.
The findings showed that speech intelligibility with custom-made mouthguards was better than with self-adapted ones. Speech intelligibility may be better with mouthguards with reduced palatal thickness than with the current ones because points of prodution for alveolars and velars approach the normal points.
5.Effectiveness of a New Dynamic Spinal Brace for Scoliosis in Cerebral Palsy
Kiyoshi YOSHIDA ; Tsunehiko SUZUKI ; Yoshihiro MATSUI ; Chikahisa HIGUCHI ; Ichiro KAJIURA
The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2015;52(4-5):251-255
Objective : Scoliosis in cerebral palsy can seriously disturb the patient's daily life. To help alleviate this we developed a new original orthosis and named it the Dynamic Spinal Brace (DSB). In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the DSB in daily life with patients and caregivers. Methods : We studied 222 cerebral palsy patients treated with the DSB. We carried out a questionnaire survey of the caregivers and measured X-ray results of the scoliosis deformities. Results: In the questionnaire, more than 80% of the patients improved in their sitting position and posture and more than 50 % of the patients improved in the transfer or ambulation assistance and meal assistance requirement by the caregivers. Higher age (over 18 years old) revealed improved muscle tonus. Breathing and muscle tonus showed improvement as scoliosis was advanced. Conclusion : DSB for scoliosis in cerebral palsy showed effectiveness in the sitting position, posture, transfer or ambulation assistance and meal assistance. DSB is also effective for muscle tonus in patients after growth maturity and breathing and muscle tonus in patients with severe scoliosis.
6.Kampo Therapy for Graves' Disease Associated with Psychological Disorders
Takeshi ARISHIMA ; Ichiro SASAKI ; Mami YOSHIDA ; Atsushi FUKAO ; Nakaaki OHSAWA ; Toshiaki HANAFUSA ; Shogo ISHINO ; Toshihiko HANAWA
Kampo Medicine 2007;58(1):69-74
We report 2 patients with Graves' disease and psychological disorders. In these patients, treatment did not relieve psychological disorders despite normalization of thyroid function, but kampo therapy was effective. Patient 1 was a 24-year-old female. In 2000, she was diagnosed as having Graves' disease. Treatment with an antithyroid drug normalized thyroid function, but did not relieve psychological disorders such as irritation, anxiety, or despair. In February 2005, the patient consulted our hospital. Patient 2 was a 26-year-old female. After graduating from a high school, she developed Graves' disease. Treatment with an antithyroid drug was started. However, thyroid function was unstable ; mild hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism repeatedly occurred. During this period, irritation, fatigue, malaise, and alopecia deteriorated, and she consulted our hospital in January 2005. In the two patients, keishikanzoryukotsuboreitogohangekobokuto was prescribed (the regimen was changed during follow-up in Patient 1), and their conditions markedly subsided after 16 and 9 weeks of administration, respectively, suggesting the usefulness of kampo therapy in the treatment of Graves' disease associated with psychological disorders.
Therapeutic procedure
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7.Evaluation of the First Trial of a White Coat Ceremony as a Ceremony of Passage: A Method for Teaching Professionalism in Undergraduate Medical Education.
Toshi ABE ; Yoshio OGOH ; Takato UENO ; Mariko HOTTA ; Akihiro HAYASHI ; Ichiro YOSHIDA ; Naofumi HAYABUCHI ; Michio SATA
Medical Education 2002;33(3):193-199
Purposes: We performed a white coat ceremony for medical students, because there had not been a definite passage ceremony to create the desire to serve and the awareness of being physician. Opinions about the ceremony were with a questionnaire survey. Methods: The ceremony of white coat conferment was performed for the first time for 112 fourth-year medical students on January 11, 2001, just before the start of clinical training. A white coat and an identification badge with photograph were presented to the medical students, who were taking the first step to becoming a physician. A questionnaire survey was performed the next day to evaluate students' feelings. The questionnaire asked about student's 1) sense of responsibility to be engaged in medical practice, 2) feelings of kindness to patient, 3) love for of their school, 4) attachment to the white robe, 5) consciousness of being a professional, 6) sense of mission as a physician, 7) motivation to learn, 8) feelings of seriousness, and 9) desire to live ethically. A listening survey for the school staff and students was also included. Results: Clear improvements in consciousness were recognized in all items of the questionnaire (P>.0001). Approximately 80% of students approved of the ceremony being performed annually from the following year. The ceremony had had no established form, but many people acknowledged its significance. However, some students who did not realize the significance of the ceremony because it was performed in the middle of the semester. Conclusions: Although this was the first experience for us, many students and teaching staff were understanding and responded favorably to this passage ceremony. The ceremony to instill medical professionalism in student doctors will be improved with further efforts and experiences.
8.A Case of Coronary Ostial Stenosis with Aortic Regurgitation Due to Syphilitic Aortitis.
Yasushi Sato ; Susumu Ishikawa ; Akio Ohtaki ; Kazuhiro Sakata ; Yoshimi Otani ; Toru Takahashi ; Ichiro Yoshida ; Yasuo Morishita
Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 1995;24(3):175-177
A 50-year-old man was diagnosed as having aortic valve insufficiency, complete occlusion of the right coronary artery and 75% stenosis of the left main trunk due to syphilitic aortitis. Aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting to three vessels were successfully performed. The selection of surgical procedures for the coronary lesion with syphilitic aortitis should be made carefully, since the progression of aortic root inflammation in the acute phase and the development of atherosclerotic changes are not preventable in the future. It is most important to select effective and safe surgical interventions, especially for patients with such a low cardiac function as our patient.
9.Evaluation of Individual Care of Patients by Medical Students for Attitude Education.
Takato UENO ; Ichiro YOSHIDA ; Mariko HOTTA ; Toushi ABE ; Makoto TURUTA ; Syuhei KOUNO ; Yoshio OGOU ; Akihiro HAYASHI ; Haruhiko EGUCHI ; Ichiro MIYAJIMA ; Seiji WATANABE ; Seiya OKUDA ; Michio SATA
Medical Education 2001;32(2):117-122
The usefulness of individual care of patients in the attitude education of undergraduates was evaluated with questionnaires completed by 4th-year medical students and patients. Ninety-eight percent of students finished performing patient care during a 2-week period. Seventy percent of patients completed questionnaires. The appearance, manner of greeting, and language of the students were considered good by 87% or more of the patients, and the students' consideration for the patients' safety, privacy, and communication was considered good by 86% or more of the patients. The practice was approved by 77% of the patients and was objected to by none. Ninety-nine percent of students completed questionnaires, and 79% of the respondents approved of the practice. Fourteen percent of the student respondents, many of whom had been treated as outpatients, objected to the practice. These results suggest that individual care of patients by medical students is useful for both patients and students.
10.Efficacy and safety of fentanyl patch in cancer patients from the active treatment period to the terminal stage
Norio Watanabe ; Mikio Yasumura ; Naomasa Yoshida ; Yoshihiko Kato ; Chigusa Nakamura ; Ken-ichiro Tateyama ; Keiko Yamamura ; Kimio Yasuda
Palliative Care Research 2008;3(1):201-208
Purpose: From shortly after the fentanyl patch became commercially available, we have been using it as part of our armamentarium for cancer therapy to produce a reliable analgesic effect from the active treatment period to the terminal stage in patients who are expected to develop resistance to oral analgesics. To confirm the usefulness of fentanyl patch, a retrospective study was conducted to determine its efficacy and safety. Method: A survey was conducted of 28 cancer patients who were undergoing pharmacological pain control. The following parameters were recorded: opioids administered prior to fentanyl patch use, reasons for switching to fentanyl patch, duration of administration and dosage of fentanyl patch, pain score before switching to fentanyl patch, adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, constipation and drowsiness), and the results of clinical tests. Results: The major reasons for switching to fentanyl patch were: "pain control with oral agents was expected to become difficult in future" and "adverse effects of chemotherapy were noted or were likely to develop". The mean duration of fentanyl patch use was 133 days, during which time the pain score and the constipation symptom were significantly reduced. No significant difference was found with nausea, vomiting, drowsiness or the results of clinical tests. Conclusion: It is concluded that fentanyl patch is a highly useful opioid for analgesia when administered during chemotherapy for cancer and continued to the terminal stage.