Backgrounds : The one of the leading factors of deteriorating condition is upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in athletes. Athletes who are forced in regularly intensive training often decrease salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) which has important role of immune function in the buccal cavity. It causes increase of morbidity risk in URTI. Acupuncture treatment is one of the conditioning methods in the competition field and mainly treated for orthopedic injuries. On the other hands, acupuncture treatment induced increase of natural healing ability which involved immune response, and prevent and treat some diseases. It has been reported acupuncture increase SIgA level. However, the relationship between time course and diagnostic of cold by the acupuncture stimulation effect is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this measurement is to investigate the effect of acupuncture stimulation on the SIgA during training camp. Furthermore, it is important to investigate questionnaire about diagnostic of cold during and 1 week after training camp, it leads to clear the effect of acupuncture stimulation on the URTI.
Methods : Eighty subjects men who have auditory difficulties (26.7±0.9 yr[±SE]) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned two groups; acupuncture group and control group. The training camp conducted 3 days and training performed 3 hours each in the morning and afternoon. Acupuncture stimulation was applied at LU 6 (Kongzui), LI 4 (Hegu), ST 36 (Zusanli), and ST 6 (Jiache), for 30 min after dinner. To measure SIgA level, saliva samples were taken 7 times; daytime and evening of first day (Day1(D), Day1(E)), morning, daytime and evening of the second day (Day2(M), Day2(D), Day2(E)), morning and daytime in the third day (Day3(M), Day3(D)). The questionnaire about diagnostic of cold was conducted Day1(D), Day2(M), Day3(M) and 1 week after training camp.
Results : The secretion rate of SIgA in the control was not significantly changed during training camp. However, the acupuncture group was significantly higher level in the Day2(M) and Day3(M) compared to the Day1(D) (P<0.05). Both control and acupuncture group was significantly higher SIgA concentration in Day2(M) and Day3(M) compared to the Day1(D) (P<0.05), but acupuncture group was significantly higher in the Day3(M) compared to the control. The frequency of diagnostic cold was 1 in the acupuncture group and 4 in the control group. Moreover, 1 week after training camp, 6 in the acupuncture group and 6 in the control.
Conclusion : Acupuncture stimulation induced significant increase SIgA level during training camp. Moreover, the diagnostic of cold was lower during training camp in the acupuncture group. Therefore, acupuncture stimulation might reduce the risk of the morbidity of the URTI.

PURPOSE: Although time-of-flight (TOF)-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can clearly depict intracranial arteries, the arterial flow of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is occasionally not detected. We evaluated this phenomenon with reference to cerebrovascular dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with suspected occlusion of MCA or internal carotid artery on TOF-MRA were enrolled. All patients underwent CT angiography (CTA) and quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) examination for measurement of resting CBF and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Depending on appearance, patients were categorized into three groups. Group A (n=6) had MCA delineation on both MRA and CTA, while groups B (n=6) and C (n=5) had no signal on MRA, but Group B had a MCA delineation on CTA.
Acetazolamide/administration & dosage ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Artery, Internal/physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.