The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications and intestinal stasis after a videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing. Of 121 inpatients who underwent videofluoroscopic examinations from October 2008 to March 2009 and September to October 2009, we analyzed 33 patients who underwent abdominal X-ray four days after their videofluoroscopic examination. Six of 33 patients (18.2%) suffered gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients had diarrhea, two had vomiting, and one had abdominal distention. The incidence of gastrointestinal complications after videofluoroscopic examination was estimated to be two of 33 patients (6.1%) because we assumed that two of the six patients' condition was related to their videofluoroscopic examination and that the other four were related to other factors. One of two patients with a poor general condition developed pneumonia after vomiting. There was no relationship between the incidence of gastrointestinal complications and the patient's background. Intestinal stasis as detected by X-ray was identified in 25 of 33 patients (75.8%). There was more barium sulfate intake in the patients who had intestinal stasis than the patients who had no intestinal stasis. There was no relationship between intestinal stasis and the incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Our findings suggest that the risk of gastrointestinal complications after videofluoroscopic examination is low except in patients with a poor general condition.

An 82-year-old man was referred to our hospital for heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation and severe tricuspid regurgitation. We performed mitral annuloplasty and tricuspid annuloplasty (TAP). Three weeks after surgery, he developed hemolytic anemia (HA). Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a defect in the left ventricular outflow tract that communicated directly with right atrium, and the jet was striking with the TAP prosthetic ring. HA was not controlled, so we performed re-operation. The defect was found in the atrioventricular membranous septum. The defect was closed and TAP was performed using an autologous pericardial roll again. We report a rare case of acquired left ventricular to right atrium communication after TAP.

Objective: The effect of antipsychotic drugs on quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been mainly examined by the administration of a single test dose or among patients using combinations of other psychotropic drugs. We therefore investigated the effects of strict monotherapy with antipsychotic drugs on quantitative EEG among schizophrenia patients. Methods: Data from 2,364 medical reports with EEG results from psychiatric patients admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital were used. We extracted EEG records of patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and who were either undergoing strict antipsychotic monotherapy or were completely free of psychotropic drugs. The spectral power was compared between drug-free patients and patients using antipsychotic drugs. We also performed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between spectral power and the chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose of antipsychotics in all the patients. Results: We included 31 monotherapy and 20 drug-free patients. Compared with drug-free patients, patients receiving antipsychotic drugs demonstrated significant increases in theta, alpha and beta power. When patients taking different types of antipsychotics were compared with drug-free patients, we found no significant change in any spectrum power for the aripiprazole or blonanserin groups. Patients taking risperidone demonstrated significant increases in alpha and beta power. Patients taking clozapine and olanzapine demonstrated significant slow wave increases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the chlorpromazine equivalent dose was positively associated with theta power. Conclusion Use of any antipsychotic drug by patients was associated with a dose-dependent increase in theta power. However, each type of antipsychotic demonstrated different spectral power changes.

Objective: The effect of antipsychotic drugs on quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been mainly examined by the administration of a single test dose or among patients using combinations of other psychotropic drugs. We therefore investigated the effects of strict monotherapy with antipsychotic drugs on quantitative EEG among schizophrenia patients. Methods: Data from 2,364 medical reports with EEG results from psychiatric patients admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital were used. We extracted EEG records of patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and who were either undergoing strict antipsychotic monotherapy or were completely free of psychotropic drugs. The spectral power was compared between drug-free patients and patients using antipsychotic drugs. We also performed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between spectral power and the chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose of antipsychotics in all the patients. Results: We included 31 monotherapy and 20 drug-free patients. Compared with drug-free patients, patients receiving antipsychotic drugs demonstrated significant increases in theta, alpha and beta power. When patients taking different types of antipsychotics were compared with drug-free patients, we found no significant change in any spectrum power for the aripiprazole or blonanserin groups. Patients taking risperidone demonstrated significant increases in alpha and beta power. Patients taking clozapine and olanzapine demonstrated significant slow wave increases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the chlorpromazine equivalent dose was positively associated with theta power. Conclusion Use of any antipsychotic drug by patients was associated with a dose-dependent increase in theta power. However, each type of antipsychotic demonstrated different spectral power changes.

The new St. Jude Medical aortic valve graft prosthesis was evaluated for composite graft replacement of the aortic root in 32 patients at three institutions. This study was performed in conformity with the Japanese Drugs, Cosmetics and Medical Instruments Act. The grafts were preclotted with blood of serum albumin: coronary artery reconstruction was performed employing the classical Bentall procedure (4 cases), Cabrol's procedure (14 cases), the interposition graft technique (8 cases) or the button technique (6 cases); concomitantly the aortic arch was replaced in one patient, and the mitral valve was replaced in two patients. One early death (3%) occurred as the result of shock sustained prior to establishing cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative complications included perivalvular leakage (one case), perioperative myocardial infarction (two cases), hepatitis (one case). There were no late deaths and no complications related to the SJM valve graft prosthesis. The SJM valve graft prosthesis is a safe and reliable prosthesis for use as a composite graft replacement of the aortic root.

BACKGROUND: Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. RESULTS: The patients' BMI ranged from 15.2 to 33.6 kg/m2 (mean, 23.1+/-3.74 kg/m2). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.
Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; Mediastinitis ; Mortality ; Omentum ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectus Abdominis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Sternotomy ; Surgical Flaps ; Thoracic Surgery ; Wound Infection* ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis. The detrimental effect of incisional biopsies on the outcome of malignant melanoma has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence and type of biopsy on the prognosis of malignant melanoma. METHODS: The medical records of 109 malignant melanoma patients treated at Tokushima University Hospital from 1983 to 2007 were reviewed. After excluding 28 cases with stage 0 disease or incomplete data, 81 cases were analyzed in detail with respect to patient sex, age, tumor site, clinical stage at diagnosis, presence of ulceration or lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. The five-year survival and five-year disease-free survival rates of patients who underwent incisional or excisional biopsies were compared with those who did not undergo a biopsy. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.19. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 19-93 years). The most common site was a lower extremity, and the most common clinical stage was stage II. No significant differences in clinicopathological features, five-year survival rates, and five-year disease-free survival rates were observed among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence and type of biopsy neither affected the metastatic rate nor the prognosis of malignant melanoma. The use of incisional biopsies is not encouraged because tumor thickness cannot be measured accurately. However, they may be helpful for confirming the diagnosis if an excisional biopsy cannot be performed.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate* ; Ulcer

BACKGROUNDIn an earlier study, we identified a locus for Moyamoya disease (MMD) on 17q25.3.

METHODSLinkage analysis and fine mapping were conducted for two new families in additional to the previously studied 15 families. Three genes, CARD14, Raptor, and AATK, were selected based on key words, namely, "inflammation", "apoptosis", "proliferation", and "vascular system", for further sequencing. A segregation analysis of 34 pedigrees was performed, followed by a case-control study in Japanese (90 cases vs. 384 controls), Korean (41 cases vs. 223 controls), Chinese (23 cases and 100 controls), and Caucasian (25 cases and 164 controls) populations.

RESULTSLinkage analysis increased the LOD score from 8.07 to 9.67 on 17q25.3. Fine mapping narrowed the linkage signal to a 2.1-Mb region. Sequencing revealed that only one newly identified polymorphism, ss161110142, which was located at position -1480 from the transcription site of the Raptor gene, was common to all four unrelated sequenced familial affected individuals. ss161110142 was then shown to segregate in the 34 pedigrees studied, resulting in a two-point LOD score of 14.2 (P = 3.89 × 10(-8)). Its penetrance was estimated to be 74.0%. Among the Asian populations tested (Japanese, Korean, and Chinese), the rare allele was much more frequent in cases (26, 33, and 4%, respectively) than in controls (1, 1, and 0%, respectively) and was associated with an increased odds ratio of 52.2 (95% confidence interval 27.2-100.2) (P = 2.5 × 10(-49)). This allele was, however, not detected in the Caucasian samples. Its population attributable risk was estimated to be 49% in the Japanese population, 66% in the Korean population, and 9% in the Chinese population.

CONCLUSIONss161110142 may confer susceptibility to MMD among East Asian populations.

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-009-0116-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

  One of the characteristics of nursing in Southeast Asia is the ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangements on Nursing Services, which strengthens professional capabilities through four objectives include facilitating mobility of nursing professionals within ASEAN.  The Japanese government supports human resources for health in the ASEAN region, as a member country of ASEAN+3. A meeting was held at the Annual Meeting of the Japan Association for International Health 2017. The meeting objectives were as follows: (1) to share three nursing research findings regarding nursing migration, regulatory framework, and in-service training that may affect quality of nursing and (2) to discuss Japan’s role in improving the quality of nursing in the ASEAN region. This report aims to summarize the presentations and points of that meeting.   The academic level of nursing education and nursing regulations have improved in ASEAN member countries. All member countries have university nursing education, and some have master’s and doctoral degree nursing programs. In lower middle income ASEAN countries, such as Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the nursing education system is in the process of transition, from the technical to professional level of nursing. The next step for these countries is to strengthen the capabilities of nursing teachers who are responsible for professional nursing education at universities. The ASEAN University Network and universities in neighboring Thailand could also contribute to this end. In-service training is also needed because the guidance of more experienced nurses is crucial in nursing service as well as nursing practicums. Japan’s experience of developing an in-service training system could be useful for some ASEAN countries.   The objective of mobility among nursing professionals within the ASEAN has yet to be accomplished. However, there are pull and push factors of nurse migration due to economic conditions within the ASEAN. It is predicted that nurse migration will occur with mixed-skill caregivers to high income countries out of the ASEAN countries, because of the lack of caregivers for the aging population. In order to ensure quality nursing in the ASEAN region, it is not only necessary to share country-level experiences to improve nursing education and regulations but also crucial to develop systems that promote the circulation of nursing professionals through wide regional cooperation.

Well water could be a stable source of drinking water. Recently, the use of well water as drinking water has been encouraged in developing countries. However, many kinds of disorders caused by toxic elements in well drinking water have been reported. It is our urgent task to resolve the global issue of element-originating diseases. In this review article, our multidisciplinary approaches focusing on oncogenic toxicities and disturbances of sensory organs (skin and ear) induced by arsenic and barium are introduced. First, our environmental monitoring in developing countries in Asia showed elevated concentrations of arsenic and barium in well drinking water. Then our experimental studies in mice and our epidemiological studies in humans showed arsenic-mediated increased risks of hyperpigmented skin and hearing loss with partial elucidation of their mechanisms. Our experimental studies using cultured cells with focus on the expression and activity levels of intracellular signal transduction molecules such as c-SRC, c-RET, and oncogenic RET showed risks for malignant transformation and/or progression arose from arsenic and barium. Finally, our original hydrotalcite-like compound was proposed as a novel remediation system to effectively remove arsenic and barium from well drinking water. Hopefully, comprehensive studies consisting of (1) environmental monitoring, (2) health risk assessments, and (3) remediation will be expanded in the field of environmental health to prevent various disorders caused by environmental factors including toxic elements in drinking water.
Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Barium ; toxicity ; Drinking Water ; analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Mice ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; toxicity ; Water Wells