No abstract available.
Hemophilia A* ; Ice*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the translucency of shaded zirconia all-ceramic systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translucency of 3 different zirconia all-ceramic systems colored by different techniques was compared with a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press). Square-shaped specimens with 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated from In-Ceram YZ, ICE Zirkon and Katana systems in A1, A2 and A3.5 shades according to Vitapan Classical shade tab (n=11). Specimens were then veneered and glazed with corresponding veneer ceramic recommended by each zirconia system manufacturer and the total thickness was set to 1.5 mm. Translucency measurements were performed with VITA Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer after each stage and translucency parameter was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS: The control group was significantly more translucent than the zirconia systems (P<.05). ICE Zirkon cores showed the least translucency; neither In-Ceram YZ nor Katana systems were superior to each other in terms of translucency. Translucency of all specimens was decreased after veneering, and the translucency rankings were changed. CONCLUSION: Coloring technique did not have a significant effect on translucency of zirconia cores. Although zirconia systems were less translucent than lithium disilicate glass ceramic, they had partial translucency and there were translucency differences among the zirconia systems. Chroma affected the translucency of precolored zirconia cores.
Ceramics ; Glass ; Ice ; Lithium

Cold urticaria is characterized by the development of urticaria and/or angioedema after cold exposure. It is an uncommon form of physical urticaria and thought to be rare in children. There is a higher rate of family history of atopy and cold urticaria. We report a case of cold urticaria in a 5-years-old boy who showed perioral swelling, wheal and flare associated with ice cream. He had a relevant family history on his grandmother's side with cold urticaria, and on his father's side with dermographism, respectively. In this patient, cold urticaria was confirmed by ice cube test and a brief review followed.
Angioedema ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Humans ; Ice Cream* ; Ice* ; Male* ; Urticaria*

Formamide has been widely used in urea/polyacrylamide gel to solve the compression problems that are occasionally found during the DNA sequencing of G/C rich regions. In this study, however, 10% formamide was added in annealing solution in stead of adding to the gel. The compressions were unfolded efficiently with a more rapid annealing reaction on ice in the presence of 10% formamide.
DNA* ; Ice ; Sequence Analysis, DNA*

A case of priapism who underwent corpus cavernosum-saphenous vein anastomosis is described here. The condition is not subsided by all management including sedation, heparinization, administration of enzymes, ice water enema, and local irrigation with normal saline containing heparin, but eventually cured by tire procedure of corpus cavernosum-saphenous vein anastomosis bilaterally.
Enema ; Heparin ; Ice ; Priapism* ; Veins*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of therapeutic cold on the recovery process after an incomplete muscle strain injury. METHOD: We made incomplete muscle strain injuries with the predefined extent. Unilateral tibialis anterior (TA) tendons were detached at their distal insertions and stretched beyond the complete rupture points. The incomplete strain injury point was identified on the deformation- tension curve. We strained each TA of 18 rabbits to 20% deformation point and held for 2 seconds. After injury, we applied ice packs for 5 minutes on unilateral TA. Histologic findings were examined at 1, 2 days, 2, 4, 5 weeks. RESULTS: Incomplete strain injuries were occurred at 19.36 4.02% deformation. In the acute phase, cold applied TA showed fewer (15.4+/-4.2) inflammatory cells infiltration than control TA (21.8+/-5.3) at LPF (x40). But, there was no significant difference between cold applied TA and control in the recovery phase. CONCLUSION: It is possible to develop certain amount of incomplete muscle strain injuries. The results of this study suggest that the cold therapy may reduce the inflammatory reaction in the acute phase of muscle strain injury. The findings provide no significant support for the positive or negative effect of cold therapy on incomplete strain injury.
Cryotherapy ; Ice ; Rabbits ; Rupture ; Tendons

Once released into the air, humidifier disinfectants became tiny nano-size particles, and resulted in chemical bronchoalveolitis. Families had lost their most beloved members, and even some of them became broken. Based on an estimate of two million potential victims who had experienced adverse effects from the use of humidifier disinfectants, we can say that what we have observed was only the tip of the iceberg. Problems of entire airways, as well as other systemic effects, should be examined, as we know these nano-size particles can irritate cell membranes and migrate into systemic circulation. The story of humidifier disinfectant is not finished yet.
Cell Membrane ; Disinfectants* ; Humans ; Humidifiers* ; Ice Cover

This study was designed to investigate the amount of free sugar according to each beverage category in coffee and beverage stores. The groups were categorized as 15 groups based on the kind of beverage material. The beverage groups contributing to total sugar per 100 mL were milk + syrup or powder, hot (12.9 g), ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (11.9 g), and espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (11.4 g). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per 100 mL were ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (10.8 g), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (10.3 g), and milk + syrup or powder, hot (9.7 g). The beverage groups contributing to total sugar (energy) per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 56.6 g (332.3 kcal), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 49.3 g (333.4 kcal), milk + syrup or powder, hot 46.3 g (372.1 kcal), and milk + syrup or powder, ice 38.1 g (325.9 kcal). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 51.2 g, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 44.9 g, ade 37.1 g, milk + syrup or powder, hot 34.6 g, and milk + syrup or powder, ice 30.1 g. The percent of average free sugar per portion size of the WHO recommendation (free sugars <10% of total energy; <50 g/2,000 kcal) was milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 102.4%, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 89.8%, ade 74.1%, and milk + syrup or powder, hot 69.2%. The proportion of beverage in excess of WHO recommendation per portion size was 14.6% in espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice, 22.7% in ade, and 10.9% in milk + syrup or powder, hot. Therefore, in coffee and beverage stores, menu development with reduced sugar content is needed, and nutrition information should be provided through sugar nutrition labeling.
Beverages ; Carbohydrates ; Coffee ; Food Labeling ; Ice ; Milk

We examined the anatomical position of the mental foramina in mandibles foramen normal adult Koreans. 1. The percentages obtained from the study of the relationships between the mental foramen and the lower teeth showed that the most common location was type lv in which the mental foramen lay at the apex of the second promolar. The foramen between thr apices of ice two premolars (type lll) and the foramen between the second premolar and the first molar (type v) occured often and less often rspectively and find no foramen mesial to the first premolar or at the apex of the first premolar and posterior of the first molar (type l, ll, vl). 2. The study of relationship of the mental foramen to the bo of the mandible revealed that mental foramen was situated closer to the lowed border of the mandibular body. The distance ratio between the mental foramen and the alveolar crest to that between the mental foramen and the lower border was approximately 1.2 : 1. The height of the mandibular body was 31.09±2.80mm on the left side and 30.97±2.48mm on the right. 3. The distance from the mandibular symphysis to the anterior border of the mental foramen measured 29.52±2.01mm on the left, 30.82±2.04mm on the right side, and from the mandibular symphysis to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus was 104.20±4.74mm on the left, 105.44±4.49mm on the right side. It indicates that the mental foramen lies approximately at one-fourth of the distance from the mandibular symphysis to 2017-04-19 the posterior border of the ramus. 4. The distance from the superior border of the mental foramen to the bottom of the lower second premolar socket was found to be positive. It was 5.46±3.09mm on the left, 5.73±3.03mm on the right side. This indicates that the bottom of the lower second premolar socket is slightly higher than the superior border of the mental foramen.
Adult* ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Ice ; Mandible* ; Molar ; Tooth

The new method is described of extracting various types of cataracts intracapsularly by means of a pencil-shaped metal instrument, named Krwawicz's model cryoextractor. This is refrigerated in a mixture of dry ice and methyl alcohol so that when the ice-coated tip is applied to the lens, the capsule and the underlying cataractous masses adhere firmly to its ball-shaped end and an easy intracapsular extraction is ensured. Fifty extractions of various types of cataracts have been performed by this method. In 49 cases the cataract could be extracted intracapsularly. In only one case did the capsule rupture but it was possible to remove the capsule and lens mass almost completely. The results of the fifty extractions by this method are given.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Dry Ice ; Methanol ; Rupture