No abstract available.
Rhinitis* ; Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Orbit*

No abstract available.
Hemangiosarcoma* ; Nasal Cavity*

The upper respiratory system is lined with epithelium (mucosa) of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar type that produces mucus as a secretion. The major constituent of mucus is mucin, a glycoprotein of distinct physical and biochemical properties that exists in various organs. The aim of this study was to analyze the biochemical and molecular biological conditions affecting mucin secretion in cultured secretory cells of the upper respiratory mucosa. Rat nasal epithelial cells were cultured in four conditions differing in culture matrix : 1) plastic surface (PL), 2) thick collagen gel (TG), 3) thin collagen gel (GC), and 4) collagen gel coated membrane (CO). In each group, cell proliferation patterns, gel lysis and ciliary regeneration were observed, and attachment efficiency and confluence day were recorded. After confluence, mucin in the culture media was tagged with [3H]-glucosamine and analyzed by elution through Sepharose CL-4B column. The expression of MUC1 in cultured cells was analyzed by RT-PCR. In PL and GC, attachment efficiency was less than 2.2%. The shape and size of each cell in active proliferation was not regular. Confluence was observed on culture day 21 (range : 15-24). In TG and CO, attachment efficiency was more than 10.0% and the shape and size of each cell in active proliferation was regular in a compact fashion. Eight days (range : 7-11) were needed for confluence. After elution through column, mucin was detected in TG and CO but not in GC and PL. MUC1 was expressed in TG and CO but not in GC and PL. In conclusion, a thick collagen gel matrix was essential in mucin secretion and MUC1 expression in cultured secretory cells of the rat nasal mucosa.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; Culture Media ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Glycoproteins ; Membranes ; Mucins* ; Mucus ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Plastics ; Rats* ; Regeneration ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Respiratory System ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sepharose

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma*

No abstract available.
Laser Therapy*

No abstract available.

The high variability of measured olfactory thresholds in humans reflects very broad range of sensitivity within and among individuals. This can be derived from the strongly compressive nature of olfaction, which makes it relatively hard to compare the size of two stimuli in odor sensation. However, we know that some portion of the variation is the result of extrinsic factors e.g. the method used to measure the olfactory threshold. For this reason, in order to address the bias and reliability of a psycophysical method, we combined the use of the CCCRC (Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center) test with the step method in 40 normal Korean adults twice a week for the evaluation of threshold. The measured thresholds showed high test-retest reliability and the threshold estimates remained consistent during the testing without trial-biases. Based on the results, we can conclude that a combined test using the CCCRC test and step method can be used in the measurement of olfactory threshold in a clinical context.
Adult* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Odors ; Sensation ; Smell

Meningoencephalocele is an ectopic protrusion of the meninges and a portion of the brain that retains connection with the CNS through a defect in the bony covering. It is a rare developmental anomaly that results from faulty closure of the embryonic neural tubes. Meningoencephalocele is usually classified into occipital, sincipital and basal types according to the location and among these, the basal type is less frequently encountered than other types. The authors have experienced a case of basal-type intranasal meningoencephalocele in 4 year-old male patient, which was removed successfully via bifrontal craniotomy and intranasal endoscopic approach, and the defect of skull base was repaired by inner table of the cranium and septal mucosa with good result.
Brain ; Child, Preschool ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Male ; Meninges ; Mucous Membrane ; Neural Tube ; Skull ; Skull Base

There are many variables that can be manipulated in the study of olfactory thresholds. They include the choice of odorant, the way to bring the stimulus to the subject's nose, number of trials, interval between trials, dilution method, environmental conditions, as well as psychophysical method. The focus of this study lay on how much differences were made by the psychophysical method, the sequence of presentations of stimuli that led to calculation of an index of sensitivity and how reliable the result of step method in olfactory threshold testing is. The olfactory threshold tests entailed comparison of procedures: 1) a procedure of two-alternative forced-choice(2AFC) testing by an ascending method of limits(CCCRC test), 2) a two-alternative forced-choice(2AFC) version of step method that used a computerized algorithm to calculate threshold on an ongoing basis throughout testing. As a result, mean concentration difference of 7.6-fold was achieved in the thresholds by the two procedures and inter-test correlation coefficient was 0.46. Estimation of threshold in the step method remained relatively constant after 10 trials to the end of the 30 test-trials without biases, which meant step method showed coherent data. Accordingly step method is suitable for olfactory threshold test despite of relatively long testing time.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Nose ; Odors