No abstract available.
Kidney*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

No abstract available.
Choledochal Cyst*

No abstract available.
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule*

BACKGROUND: Combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) is used for obtaining adventages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia. But it might be suspected that epidural volume load affect spinal sensory blockade level during CSE. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower extremity operation were involved in our study. Subarachnoid block with 12mg of tetracaine was established in all patients. Four groups were studied. Group 1 (n=20), the control, received only spinal anesthesia. Group 2 (n=20), group 3 (n=20) and group 4 (n=20) received 10, 15 and 20 ml of epidural saline immediately after spinal anesthetic administration. Sensory blockade level was checked by pinprick test at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 and 90 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate and incidence of complications such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and high block were measured. RESULTS: The sensory blockade level of groups 3 and 4 was higher than group 1 (p<0.05). Blood pressure and heart rate were not different compared with each other. The incidence of complications, except that higher block above T4 in group 4 was more than in group 1 (p<0.05), were not different when compared with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural saline above 15 ml may affect sensory blockade level of spinal anesthesia during CSE.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nausea ; Tetracaine

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster*

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prednisolone* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

In July 1977 the sociopsychological and medical aspects of prostitution were studied in Songjungli, population over 50, 000, near Kwang-ju city. Most of the prostitutes were helow the age of 28 (80%), had been raised in large families in whic4 female were promiiant and had low levels of education. All of. the girls had their first sexual experience between 15 and 25 with more than half before the age of 19. The first sexual partner was usually a lover, And 45.3% of them became prostitutes within one year of their initial sexual act. Me,inly economic difficulties and family troubles were the major causative factors for turning to prostitution. Most of girls (86%) were practicing contraceptive methods and among them 73% were using oral pills. However, 77% of the girls had become pregnant at least once. A high percentage of the girls (90%) were practicing venereal disease prevention methods and nearly a half of them were practicing douche method immediately after coitus. Among the 115 prostitutes tested, 29 (25. 2%) were VDRL reactive and all VDRL reactive girls were treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test positive (100 %).
Coitus ; Contraception ; Education ; Female ; Gwangju ; Hemagglutination ; Humans ; Prostitution ; Sex Workers* ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis* ; Treponema pallidum

BACKGROUND: We postulated that loss of epidural negative pressure might affect on the sensory blockade level of spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty nine patients were involved in our study; group 1, spinal anesthsia with 23G spinal needle (n=20): group 2, spinal anesthesia with 27G spinal needle through the 18G Weiss epidural needle (n=19). Sensory blockade level was checked by pinprick test at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 and 90 minutes after spinal anesthesia. RESULTS: There was no difference of sensory blockade level between group 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: From above result, there was no evidence of loss of epidural negative pressure affecting on the spinal sensory blockade level.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Humans ; Needles