2.Phase I/II prospective clinical trial for the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer
Naoya MURAKAMI ; Miho WATANABE ; Takashi UNO ; Shuhei SEKII ; Kayoko TSUJINO ; Takahiro KASAMATSU ; Yumiko MACHITORI ; Tomomi AOSHIKA ; Shingo KATO ; Hisako HIROWATARI ; Yuko KANEYASU ; Tomio NAKAGAWA ; Hitoshi IKUSHIMA ; Ken ANDO ; Masumi MURATA ; Ken YOSHIDA ; Hiroto YOSHIOKA ; Kazutoshi MURATA ; Tatsuya OHNO ; Noriyuki OKONOGI ; Anneyuko I. SAITO ; Mayumi ICHIKAWA ; Takahito OKUDA ; Keisuke TSUCHIDA ; Hideyuki SAKURAI ; Ryoichi YOSHIMURA ; Yasuo YOSHIOKA ; Atsunori YOROZU ; Naonobu KUNITAKE ; Hiroyuki OKAMOTO ; Koji INABA ; Tomoyasu KATO ; Hiroshi IGAKI ; Jun ITAMI
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 2023;34(3):e24-
Objective:
The purposes of this trial were to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (HBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer patients in the phase I/II prospective clinical trial.
Methods:
Patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA uterine cervical cancer pretreatment width of which was ≥5 cm measured by magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for this clinical trial. The protocol therapy included 30–30.6 Gy in 15–17 fractions of whole pelvic radiotherapy concurrent with weekly CDDP, followed by 24 Gy in 4 fractions of HBT and pelvic radiotherapy with a central shield up to 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions. The primary endpoint of phase II part was 2-year pelvic progression-free survival (PPFS) rate higher than historical control of 64%.
Results:
Between October 2015 and October 2019, 73 patients were enrolled in the initial registration and 52 patients proceeded to the secondary registration. With the median follow-up period of 37.3 months (range, 13.9–52.9 months), the 2- PPFS was 80.7% (90% confidence interval [CI]=69.7%–88%). Because the lower range of 90% CI of 2-year PPFS was 69.7%, which was higher than the historical control ICBT data of 64%, therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was met.
Conclusion
The effectiveness of HBT were demonstrated by a prospective clinical study. Because the dose goal determined in the protocol was lower than 85 Gy, there is room in improvement for local control. A higher dose might have been needed for tumors with poor responses.
3.Infection rate of Schistosoma japonicum in the snail Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi in endemic villages in the Philippines: Need for snail surveillance technique
Fornillos, R.J.C. ; Fontanilla, I.K.C ; Chigusa, Y. ; Kikuchi, M. ; Kirinoki, M. ; Kato-Hayashi, N. ; Kawazu, S. ; Angeles, J.M ; Tabios, I.K. ; Moendeg, K. ; Goto, Y. ; Tamayo, P.G ; Gampoy, E.F ; Pates, I. ; Chua, J.C ; Leonardo, L.R
Tropical Biomedicine 2019;36(2):402-411
Schistosomiasis japonica is one of seven NTDs endemic in the Philippines that
continues to threaten public health in the country. The causative agent, the blood fluke
Schistosoma japonicum, uses an amphibious snail Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi which
can harbor larval stages that multiply asexually, eventually producing the infective cercariae
which are shed into the water. Contamination of freshwater bodies inhabited by the snail
intermediate host occurs through release of human and animal feces containing S.
japonicum eggs. Miracidia hatching from these eggs subsequently infect the snails that
inhabit these water bodies. The degree of fecal contamination can vary across snail sites
and influences snail infection rates in these sites. In this study, conventional malacological
surveys using intensive manual search for snails were conducted from 2015 to 2016 in
seven selected endemic provinces, namely Leyte and Bohol in the Visayas and Surigao del
Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte and Compostela Valley in Mindanao. A
total of 6,279 O. hupensis quadrasi snails were collected from 38 snail sites. The
municipality of Trento in Agusan del Sur recorded the highest number of snail sites (7) that
yielded O. hupensis quadrasi snails while only one snail site was found positive for O.
hupensis quadrasi snails in Kapatagan in Lanao del Norte and Talibon in Bohol. Alegria in
Surigao del Norte yielded the highest number of snail sites (5) that were found to harbor
snails positive for S. japonicum infection. The snail infection rates in this municipality
ranged from 0.43% to 14.71%. None of the snails collected from Talibon in Bohol was
infected. Bohol is the only province among the 28 schistosomiasis-endemic provinces
which has reached near elimination status. Snail infection rates were found to vary
considerably across snail sites, which could be due to the degree of fecal contamination of
the snail sites and their connectivity to water that can serve as contamination source.