Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mediating effects of job satisfaction in the relationship between nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and safety nursing activities. Methods: Data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire from 219 nurses recruited through convenience sampling among nurses at the general wards of four small and medium-sized hospitals with fewer than 300 beds. The data collection period was between September 11 and 28, 2018. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and the Sobel test in SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Results: The mean score was 3.14 out of 5 points for patient safety culture, 3.21 out of 5 points for job satisfaction, and 4.10 out of 5 points for safety nursing activities. Patient safety culture was significantly correlated with job satisfaction (r=.55, p<.001) and safety nursing activities (r=.48, p<.001). Job satisfaction was significantly correlated with safety nursing activities (r=.55, p<.001). Nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.48, p<.001) and job satisfaction (β=.42, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of safety nursing activities. Job satisfaction had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and safety nursing activities. These variables explained 35% of the variance in safety nursing activities. Conclusion Improving nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and job satisfaction, which had a partial mediating effect, can promote safety nursing activities.

A fluorescence bronchoscope system has been developed for detecting early lung cancer including dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. To determine the histologic findings and genetic alterations of the lung tissues, which were biopsied by the fluorescence bronchoscope, we analyzed 104 specimens from 62 heavy smokers for their histopathology, cell proliferation index, and genetic mutations of p53 and K-ras. We used immunohistochemistry for MIB-1 and p53, and PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing for p53 and K-ras. The histology was variable from reactive conditions to invasive cancers, and consisted of basal cell hyperplasia (26.9%), dysplasia (4.8%), carcinoma in situ (1.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%), adenocarcinoma (4.8%), and small cell carcinoma (10.6%). The cellular proliferation index of the lesions increased as their aggressiveness increased. p53 and K-ras mutations were detected in 33.7% and 14.4% of all tissues, respectively. In dysplasia, p53 and K-ras mutations were observed in 3 of 5 and in 2 of 5 tissues, respectively. However, these genetic alterations were not found in carcinoma in situ. Interestingly, 28.6% of basal cell hyperplasia showed p53 mutations. In conclusion, these data suggest that the biopsy specimens using fluorescence bronchoscopy show variable histologic findings, ranging from reactive conditions to invasive cancers. In addition, some of the dysplastic lesions are related to p53 and K-ras mutations, although these genetic alterations are also seen in basal cell hyperplasia.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy* ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Fluorescence* ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Echocardiography ; Fetus* ; Heart ; Humans* ; Mitral Valve* ; Tricuspid Valve*

Paragonimus westermani can cause extrapulmonary parasitism in various sites such as abdominal organ, brain, eye, periorbital tissue, heart and pericardium, mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissue. We experienced a case of subcutaneous paragonimiasis involving the breast. The lesion exhibited chronic granuloma with scattered eggs of paragonimus westermani. The adult worm was not found within the lesion which should be disintegrated a year ago by praziquantel treatment. This relatively rare involvement of ectopic paragonimiasis should be differentiated from breast malignancy.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Tuberous sclerosis is a heredofamilial disease associated with the diagnostic triad of epilepsy, mental retardation, and skin lesions, adenoma sebaceum. Retinal hamartomas are the most common ocular abnormalities in patients with tuberous sclerosis and are classified as three types: 1) large whitish calcified nodular masses, 2) flat transluscent noncalcified smooth tumors, and 3) intermediate type. We introduce a case on 22 year-old male of tuberous sclerosis who was manifested by epilepsy, adenoma sebaceum without mental retardation. And he was characterized by multiple flat transluscent noncalcified type of retinal astrocytic hamartoma accompanied by Shagreen patch, sclerotic calcification in skull and angiomyolipoma on both kidneys.
Angiomyolipoma ; Epilepsy ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Kidney ; Male ; Retinaldehyde ; Skin ; Skull ; Tuberous Sclerosis* ; Young Adult

Mondor's disease is also called thrombophlebitis and it is not a common condition. The characteristics finding of Mondor's disease is a subcutaneous cord that is tender and tense. This disease commonly occurs in the breast and abdomen. The etiology of Mondor's disease is unknown, but the generally agreed on causes are trauma, excessive exercise and breast surgery. On rare occasions, this disease is related to malignancy, pregnancy, filariasis and so on. This disease is self limiting and it is usually treated conservatively and symptomatically. We treated one woman who had Mondor's disease on the anterior side of the left elbow. This is a very rare location for Mondor's disease and so clinicians need to be aware about the possibility of this unusual presentation for this disease.
Abdomen ; Breast ; Elbow ; Female ; Filariasis ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Thrombophlebitis ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

PURPOSE: Early detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is important for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in children with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid antigen test kit in detecting M. pneumoniae from respiratory specimens in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS: A total of 215 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were selected from a pool of NPAs that had been obtained from children admitted for LRTI from August 2010 to August 2018. The specimens had been tested for M. pneumoniae by culture and stored at −70°C until use. Tests with Ribotest Mycoplasma® were performed and interpreted independently by two investigators who were blinded to the culture results. RESULTS: Among the 215 NPAs, 119 were culture positive for M. pneumoniae and 96 were culture negative. Of the culture-positive specimens, 74 (62.2%) were positive for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma®, and 92 of the 96 (95.8%) culture-negative specimens were negative for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma®. When culture was used as the standard test, the sensitivity and specificity of Ribotest Mycoplasma® were 62.2% and 95.8%, respectively. Additionally, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall agreement rates with Ribotest Mycoplasma® were 94.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A positive test result of Ribotest Mycoplasma® suggests a high likelihood of culture-positive M. pneumoniae infection. However, a negative test result should be interpreted with caution because nearly one-third of negative test results reveal culture-positive M. pneumoniae infections.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunochromatography ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Mycoplasma ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Research Personnel ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: We developed the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) to assess the driving ability of people with acquired brain injury. To find out the usefulness of this tool as a screening test for safe driving, we compared it with the Cognitive Behavioral Driver's Inventory (CBDI). METHOD: Subjects were 101 people with acquired brain injury who had driven a car before the injury. Each subject was evaluated with CPAD and CBDI. CPAD consisted of 8 tasks and 10 variables. We calculated CPAD score using 10 variables and compared CPAD with CBDI result and score. RESULTS: The average CPAD score was 49.65 7.97. According to CBDI test, the number of CBDI passing group was 36, borderline group was 27, and failing group was 38. CPAD variables and score showed significant correlation with CBDI score (p<0.05). There was significant difference in CPAD variables and score among the 3 groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CPAD can be a useful tool for assessing the driving ability of the people with acquired brain injury.
Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Mass Screening

Lidocaine is a commonly used local anesthetic for dental treatment. Urticaria caused by lidocaine has seldom been reported. Generally, urticaria immediately develops after exposure to a causative agent and is considered a manifestation of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. However, delayed urticaria caused by local anesthetics was reported to be related to cell mediated hypersenstivity. A 3-year old girl visited our allergy clinic due to delayed urticaria after local administration of lidocaine. Both skin prick and intradermal tests with lidocaine revealed negative reactions. However, the provocation test with subcutaneous injection of lidocaine showed urticaria 7 hours after test. In order to identify alternative local anesthetic for the subsequent dental procedure, we performed skin prick, intradermal and provocation tests with procaine, a local anesthetic of the other class, all of which showed negative results. Therefore, we recommended procaine as an alternative local anesthetic, and the patient was successfully treated with procaine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of delayed urticaria caused by lidocaine in Korea.
Anesthetics, Local ; Child* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intradermal Tests ; Korea ; Lidocaine* ; Procaine ; Skin ; Urticaria*

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients are often fatal. Empirical treatment is usually applied based on the clinical and radiological findings because of the risk of the aggressive diagnostic procedures such as open lung biopsy. However, recent advancements in operative procedures and perioperative management has decreased the procedure-related risks. We have prospectively analyzed the risks and benefits of the early application of open lung biopsy in such patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-two consecutive immunocompromised patients with critical pulmonary complications were included from June, 1996 to December, 1999. The definition of the immunocompromised is as those with chemotherapy and/or other modality for hematologic disorders, with usage of immunosuppressive drug after transplantation, with usage of steroid for more than 1 month, and with primary immunodeficiency disorders. The indication of open lung biopsy was those with no significant improvement after a week of aggressive application of empirical treatment or with rapidly aggressive process. The underlying disease included hematologic disorder(31 patients), post-transplantation(3 patients), chemotherapy for solid tumor(2 patients), and others(6 patients). Operations were done through thoracotomy(conventional or mini-) or VATS. RESULT: One patient died on the first postoperative day and seven patients died in the hospital after the operation but none was related to the operation. Preoperative usage of steroid and preoperative mechanical ventilator-dependency was significantly related to the in-hospital mortality but the other factors such as thrombocytopenia and neutropenia had no relation to the in-hospital mortality. There was no major or minor surgical complication except for prolonged air leak(1 patient). Postoperative diagnosis included infectious diseases (26 diagnoses; fungal, 20; pyogenic bacteria, 3; mycobacteria, 2; viral, 1), inflammatory disorders(6 diagnoses), malignancy(2 diagnoses), and nonspecifically-defined disorders(13 diagnoses). In 35 patients(81.4%) treatment plans were changed after open lung biopsy and 30 patients(69.8%) improved after change of treatment. CONCLUSION: Open lung biopsy in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary complications can be done with acceptable risk and significant benefit. For accurate diagnosis, adequate treatment, and better prognosis, the early application of open lung biopsy should be considered when the empirical treatment does not improve the patient's condition.
Bacteria ; Biopsy* ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host* ; Lung Diseases ; Lung* ; Neutropenia ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thrombocytopenia