The alveolar cleft has not received as much attention as labial or palatal clefts, and the management of this cleft remains controversial. The management of alveolar cleft is varied, according to the timing of operation, surgical approach, and the choice of graft material. Gingivoperiosteoplasty does not yet have a clear concensus among surgeons. Primary bone graft is associated with maxillary retrusion, and because of this, secondary bone graft is the most widely adopted. However, a number of surgeons employ presurgical palatal appliance prior to primary alveolar bone graft and have found ways to minimize flap dissection, which is reported to decrease the rate of facial growth attenuation and crossbite. In this article, the authors wish to review the literature regarding various advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.
Alveolar Bone Grafting ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Malocclusion ; Periosteum ; Retrognathia ; Transplants

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is known to be a major cause of cervical cancer. In Korea, although the mortality of cervical cancer has decreased, HPV infection rates are increasing rapidly in young women. One of the reasons for a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection appears to be associated with a low frequency to visit gynecology clinics because of the uncomfortable sampling process for HPV testing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a non-invasive method, such as urine testing to diagnose cervical cancer rather than use of the existing invasive method. This study aimed to test validity of HPV DNA detection in urine specimens that can be easily collected from women. Paired vaginal discharge and urine samples were collected prospectively from 203 women who visited the local hospital between January and August 2018 in Busan, Korea. By using the Virocheck® assay kit (Optipharm), we found that 17.2% (35/203) of vaginal discharge samples were HPV positive and 82.8% (168/203) were HPV negative. In urine samples, 15.8% (32/203) were HPV positive and 84.2% (171/203) were HPV negative. The co-incident rate for HPV DNA detection was 84.8% in both vaginal discharge and urine samples. These results suggest that the HPV DNA detection using urine samples might be an alternative way to diagnose HPV infection in a non-invasive way. This analytical approach can be utilized as a screening test to identify HIV-infected patients who need a follow-up process by using urine samples.
Busan ; DNA ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; HIV ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Mortality ; Papillomaviridae ; Prospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaginal Discharge

Background: The traditional nasolabial V-Y advancement flap is widely used for midface reconstruction, particularly for the lower third of the nose and upper lip, as its color and texture are similar to these areas. However, it provides insufficient tissue to cover large defects and cannot restore the nasal convexity, nasal ala, and adjacent tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the modified nasolabial V-Y advancement flap with extension limbs the along alar crease for the reconstruction of complex midface defects. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 18 patients, who underwent reconstruction with the modified nasolabial V-Y advancement flap, was performed between September 2014 and December 2022. An extension limb was added along the alar crease, adjacent to the defect area, and was hinged down as a transposition flap at the end of the advancement flap. Results: The extension limb along the alar crease successfully covered large and complicated defects, including those of the ala, the alar rim, the alar base, the nostrils, and the upper lip, with minor complications. Conclusion The alar crease is a good donor site for the reconstruction of large and complex nasal and upper lip defects.

No abstract available.
Muscles* ; Superficial Back Muscles*

Chondroid synringoma (CS), pleomorphic adenoma of skin, is a benign tumor found in the head and neck region. CS was first reported in 1859 by Billorth for the salivary gland tumor. The usual presentation is an slowly growing, asymptomatic mass. A 53-year-old female with a history of chondroid synringoma had presented with multiple firm, nodular masses found in the left nostril area. The lesion had been excised 8 years prior and was diagnosed histopathologically, but had gradually recurred. Excision of the mass located in subcutaneous layer revealed four whitish, firm tumors surrounded with capsular tissue. Neither recurrence nor complications occurred during the 18 months follow-up period. In the head and neck region, chondroid syringoma should always be considered in differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses despite its rare incidence. For that reason, excisional biopsy with clear margin is the optimal diagnostic as well as therapeutic choice. We report a case of recurred chondroid syringoma on the nose in female patient.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nose ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

Background: Various materials, commonly called fillers, have been developed and are now used for cosmetic and reconstruction purposes. Indiscriminate injections of illegal and unknown substances have various side effects, among which foreign body granulomas are particularly difficult to treat. Surgical resection can be considered for small and well-defined foreign body granulomas, but complete resection is often impossible for wide facial granulomas, and postoperative deformities may occur. Therefore, this study presents cases where foreign bodies were evaluated using imaging studies and removed through minimally invasive procedures depending on their characteristics. Methods: Thirty-five patients with chronic granulomas after illegal filler injections treated from 2012 to 2019 were enrolled. Clinically, these granulomas were classified into cystic and infiltrating groups according to the imaging study patterns. Patients in the cystic group underwent puncture and drainage, and those in the infiltrating group were first treated with intralesional laser treatment and then suctioned. If the results were insufficient, surgical removal combined with a lifting procedure was performed. Results: All 35 patients were women, and their average age was 51 years. Surgery was successful in almost all cases, but four cases of insufficient removal and contour deformity were encountered during follow-up. Two patients underwent reoperation and two patients improved naturally. Conclusions In this study, we classified the characteristics of granulomas using preoperative imaging studies. Aesthetically favorable results were obtained using puncture and drainage and tumescent suction, along with, if necessary, surgical removal accompanied by a lifting procedure when removing facial foreign body granulomas.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease in South Korea causing substantial disease burden, particularly in the elderly. This study aimed to identify the case detection rate of mobile TB screening for the elderly conducted in the Jeollanam-do region and to analyze risk factors of active TB. METHODS: We screened the elderly population (≥65 years old) in Jeollanam-do from August to December 2017. Chest radiography was performed for all participants. Participants with TB presumptive signs were asked to submit sputum specimen(s). Sputum smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed. Cascade analysis, chi-squared tests, and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate screening performance. RESULTS: In total, 12,402 participants were screened, and 211 (1.7%) were suspected to have active TB; 181 of the suspected patients (85.8%) underwent sputum smear test, and 16 (8.8%) patients were confirmed to have TB. The TB prevalence among the elderly was bacteriologically confirmed to be 129 per 100,000 individuals, which was similar to national TB notification data for the same age groups. The proportion of active TB cases increased with age, and differed based on sex and past TB history. However, TB-related symptoms, comorbidity status, and TB screening history within 12 months were not predictive of active TB. CONCLUSION: This study identified that the prevalence rate was similar to national TB notification data from the same age groups. Periodic, community-based, systematic TB screening among the elderly population is recommended.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Communicable Diseases ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Pilot Projects ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

Purpose: To investigate the effects of simultaneous soft and hard tissue augmentation and the addition of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on regenerative outcomes. Materials and Methods: In five mongrel dogs, chronic ridge defects were established in both mandibles. Six implants were placed in the mandible, producing buccal dehiscence defects. The implants were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: 1) control: no treatment; 2) GBR: guided bone regeneration (GBR) only; 3) GBR/PDRN: GBR+PDRN application to bone substitute particles; 4) GBR/CTG: GBR+connective tissue grafting (CTG);5) GBR/VCMX: GBR+soft tissue augmentation using volume stable collagen matrix (VCMX); and 6) group GBR/VCMX/ PDRN: GBR+VCMX soaked with PDRN. The healing abutments were connected to the implants to provide additional room for tissue regeneration. Submerged healing was achieved. The animals were euthanized after four months. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were then performed. Results: Healing abutments were gradually exposed during the healing period. Histologically, minimal new bone formation was observed in the dehiscence defects. No specific differences were found between the groups regarding collagen fiber orientation and density in the augmented area. No traces of CTG or VCMX were detected. Histomorphometrically, the mean tissue thickness was greater in the control group than in the other groups above the implant shoulder (IS). Below the IS level, the CTG and PDRN groups exhibited more favorable tissue thickness than the other groups. Conclusion Failure of submerged healing after tissue augmentation deteriorated the tissue contour. PDRN appears to have a positive effect on soft tissues.

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to examine the effects of the public attention to ‘crime of schizophrenia’ on the use of mental health services in patients with schizophrenia using big data analysis. METHODS: Data on the frequency of internet searches for ‘crime of schizophrenia’ and the patterns of mental health service utilization by patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders by month were collected from Naver big data and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services in Korea, respectively. Their correlations in the same and following month for lagged effect were examined. RESULTS: The number of outpatients correlated negatively with public attention to ‘crime of schizophrenia’ in the same month. The lagged relationship between public attention and the number of admissions in psychiatric wards was also found. In terms of sex differences, the use of outpatient services among female patients correlated negatively with public attention in the same month while the number of male patients' admissions in both same and following month correlated positively with public attention. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that public attention to ‘crime of schizophrenia’ could negatively affect illness behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
Crime ; Female ; Humans ; Illness Behavior ; Insurance, Health ; Internet ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Health Services ; Mental Health ; Outpatients ; Schizophrenia ; Sex Characteristics ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease in South Korea causing substantial disease burden, particularly in the elderly. This study aimed to identify the case detection rate of mobile TB screening for the elderly conducted in the Jeollanam-do region and to analyze risk factors of active TB. METHODS: We screened the elderly population (≥65 years old) in Jeollanam-do from August to December 2017. Chest radiography was performed for all participants. Participants with TB presumptive signs were asked to submit sputum specimen(s). Sputum smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed. Cascade analysis, chi-squared tests, and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate screening performance. RESULTS: In total, 12,402 participants were screened, and 211 (1.7%) were suspected to have active TB; 181 of the suspected patients (85.8%) underwent sputum smear test, and 16 (8.8%) patients were confirmed to have TB. The TB prevalence among the elderly was bacteriologically confirmed to be 129 per 100,000 individuals, which was similar to national TB notification data for the same age groups. The proportion of active TB cases increased with age, and differed based on sex and past TB history. However, TB-related symptoms, comorbidity status, and TB screening history within 12 months were not predictive of active TB. CONCLUSION This study identified that the prevalence rate was similar to national TB notification data from the same age groups. Periodic, community-based, systematic TB screening among the elderly population is recommended.