Background: Although menopause is considered a risk factor for depression, no association has been established between the risk of suicidal ideation and age at menopause. This study aimed to evaluate the association between age at menopause and suicidal ideation in middleaged menopausal Korean women. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018). Women aged 40–65 years were divided into the following three categories: primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), early menopause, and menopause, according to age at natural menopause (< 40, 40–45, and > 45 years, respectively). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Among 2,232 menopausal women, 25 (1.1%) experienced POI and 114 (5.1%) experienced early menopause. The PHQ-9 items that pertained to low self-esteem and suicidal ideation scored higher in women with POI than in those who experienced menopause after 45 years of age. The prevalence of suicidal ideation differed significantly according to age at menopause (POI, 30.0%; early menopause, 12.7%; menopause, 8.0%; P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis revealed that POI was significantly associated with suicidal ideation after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and education, household income, and walking levels (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–17.7). Conclusion Korean middle-aged women with POI were more likely to have suicidal ideation than those who experienced menopause at 45 years or above, despite not being diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intracanal medicaments on the push-out bond strength of the calcium silicate-based materials.Forty extracted single-root human mandibular premolars were sectioned below cementoenamel junction. Standardized root canal dimension was obtained with a parallel post drill. The specimens were randomly divided into a control group (no medicament), and experimental groups received medicaments with either CH (calcium hydroxide), DAP (double antibiotic paste; a mixture of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole), or TAP (triple antibiotic paste; a mixture of minocycline, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole). Following removal of medicaments with irrigation, roots were cut into sections with 1-mm-thickness. Thereafter, calcium silicate-based materials are applied to the specimens : (i) ProRoot MTA® and (ii) Biodentine®. A push-out bond strength was measured and each specimen was examined to evaluate failure mode.Intracanal medication using CH significantly increased the bond strength to the root dentin. But there are no significant differences on the bond strength of ProRoot MTA® or Biodentine® among TAP, DAP and control groups. The dislodgement resistance of Biodentine® from root dentin was significantly higher than that of ProRoot MTA® regardless of the type of intracanal medicaments.
Bicuspid ; Calcium ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentin ; Humans ; Minocycline ; Tooth Cervix

Post-endodontic restorations are both important and challenging for clinical success in endodontically treated posterior teeth. Several options have been proposed to restore endodontically treated molars.In pediatric dentistry, restoration using conventional single crowns, especially for partially erupted molars with insufficient retentive tooth structure, has proven to be difficult. However, the endocrown presents a conservative and esthetic restorative alternative to conventional crowns with post-and-core, as it acquires additional retention within the pulp chamber. The tooth preparation consists of a circular, equigingival, butt-joint margin and a central retention cavity in the pulp chamber that helps to construct both the crown and core as a single unit.This case report describes the esthetic and conservative endocrown restorations of erupting permanent first molars with extensive coronal destruction.
Crowns ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Molar ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Tooth ; Tooth Preparation

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop the Korean version of the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (KF-NAP), which enables a more functional assessment of unilateral spatial neglect, by first translating it into Korean and then statistically standardizing it. METHODS: Two rehabilitation specialists translated the KF-NAP into Korean. The entire process of administering the Korean KF-NAP to 30 patients with brain disease was video-recorded. Five occupational therapists from 4 university hospitals nationwide evaluated the 30 video-recorded examination cases. We analyzed inter- and intra-reliabilities of the Korean KF-NAP using the intraclass coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient. Internal consistency reliability of the assessment categories was also examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: For the construct validation study, the Korean KF-NAP was strongly correlated with the Albert's test and letter cancellation test (r ≥ 0.8; p < 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficients for the first and second assessments of the Korean KF-NAP were 0.973 and 0.982, respectively, showing high reliability (p < 0.05). The intra-rater reliabilities exceeded 0.9 (p < 0.05), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeded 0.8, showing internal consistency reliability. CONCLUSION: The Korean KF-NAP is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing hemispatial neglect symptoms in patients with brain diseases.
Brain Diseases ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Perceptual Disorders ; Rehabilitation ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Specialization ; Translating ; Translations

PURPOSE: To investigate whether autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment can improve regeneration of the endometrium in an experimental model of ethanol-induced damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, ethanol group, and PRP-treated group (administration of 0.25 mL of PRP into both uterine cavities 72 hours after ethanol injection). After 15 days of endometrial damage, all the animals were sacrificed during the estrous cycle, and samples were taken from the mid-uterine horn. Functional and structural recovery of the endometrium was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome (MT) staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and immuno-histochemical (IHC) analyses. RESULTS: H&E and MT staining confirmed significantly decreased fibrosis and increased cellular proliferation in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. The endometrial areas in the ethanol and PRP-treated groups were 212.83±15.84 µm² and 262.34±12.33 µm² (p=0.065). Significantly stronger IHC expression of cytokeratin, homeobox A10 (HOXA10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Ki-67 was found in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. In real-time PCR analyses, interleukin-1β mRNA was down-regulated, while c-Kit mRNA was up-regulated, in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine administration of autologous PRP stimulated and accelerated regeneration of the endometrium and also decreased fibrosis in a murine model of damaged endometrium.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endometrium* ; Estrous Cycle ; Ethanol ; Female ; Female* ; Fibrosis ; Genes, Homeobox ; Horns ; Humans ; Keratins ; Models, Theoretical ; Platelet-Rich Plasma* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Regeneration* ; RNA, Messenger ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Background: To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women and childhood growth and obesity of their offspring. Methods: This longitudinal case-control study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database included women who delivered singletons between January 2007 and December 2008. Offspring’s body mass index (BMI) measurements taken between 42 and 80 months of age were compared according to a maternal history of PCOS. Results: Among a total of 131,805 participants, 1,213 women had a history of PCOS and 130,592 women did not. Female offspring aged 66–80 months born to women with PCOS had significantly higher BMI than those born to women without PCOS; there was no significant difference in that of male offspring regardless of maternal PCOS. In the generalized estimating equation and multivariable logistic regression analyses, the female offspring born to women with PCOS had a significantly higher risk of obesity during the age of 42–54 and 66–80 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.21 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.05–2.15, respectively), than those born to women without PCOS, after adjusting for several confounding factors. Conclusion Maternal PCOS is independently associated with an increased incidence of childhood obesity in female offspring among Korean women. Women with PCOS should consider the risk of early childhood obesity in their daughters, even if they maintain a healthy weight themselves.