In a cross-sectional design, this study examined the relationship between functional physical fitness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. A total of 306 older adults (91 men and 215 women) aged 65 years or older were recruited from our local community. A senior fitness test (SFT) was used to assess functional domains of physical fitness consisting of upper and lower body strength, endurance, upper and lower body flexibility, and agility/dynamic balance. Korean version of mini-mental state examine for dementia screening and short-form geriatric depression scale were used to assess global cognitive performance and depression, respectively. Age, sex, education, body mass index, percent body fat, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. A composite score of physical fitness was calculated as a sum of z scores for each domain of the SFT parameters. Based on the composited score of physical fitness, subjects were classified as low fit (lower 25 percentile), moderate fit (middle 50 percentile), and high fit (high 25 percentile). Linear contrast analysis using one-way analysis of variance showed significant linear trends for age (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), cognitive function (p<0.001), and depression scale (p=0.006) across incremental composite score of physical fitness. Functional physical fitness was positively associated with age, years of education and global cognitive performance and negatively with depression scale. Logistic regression analyses showed that compared to the low fit group, the moderate (p=0.004) and high fit (p=0.010) groups had significantly lower odds ratios for having MCI even after adjusted for age, sex, education, and body fatness parameters. However, the odds ratios of the moderate (p=0.101) and high fit (p=0.191) groups were not significant when additionally controlling for depression scale and HOMA-IR. The current findings suggest that physical fitness promotion along with treatments of depression and HOMA-IR should be key components of interventions to prevent and/or treat MCI with normal aging.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult* ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Dementia ; Depression ; Education ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association between physical activity and body fatness with serum vitamin D level in older adults. METHODS: A total of 233 older adults (39 men and 194 women) aged older than 65 years were voluntarily recruited from a local community. Physical activity was monitored using a uniaxial accelerometer. Body fatness was measured using a standardized protocol. Subjects were classified as sufficient (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL), or deficient (<20 ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D level. Pearson correlation analyses were used to calculate bivariate correlations between variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio of serum vitamin D inadequacy. RESULTS: There were linear increases in physical activity parameters including daily steps (P<0.001), low-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), and high-intensity physical activity (P<0.001) and linear decreases in body fatness parameters such as body mass index (P=0.039) and waist circumference (P=0.020) across incremental vitamin D levels. Vitamin D level was positively associated with daily steps (P<0.001), low-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), and high-intensity physical activity (P<0.001) and negatively associated with body mass index (P=0.001), percentage body fat (P=0.005), and waist circumference (P=0.003). Compared to the active group (reference), the inactive group (P=0.001) had a significantly higher odd ratio for serum vitamin D deficiency even after adjusting for age and sex (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that physical activity and vitamin D supplementation should be promoted for healthy aging.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

Purpose: The study investigated the effects of a single bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood glucose homeostasis and exosome levels in young healthy adults. Methods: A total of 20 healthy young people aged 20 to 30 years were voluntarily recruited from our local community. The subjects were randomly assigned to either HIIT or MICT. Results: The analyses of variance with repeated measures showed that HIIT resulted in a significant treatment (before vs. after HIIT)×time (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes during oral glucose tolerance tests) interaction (F (1,9) =5.623, p=0.028) on blood glucose concentrations. HIIT resulted in significant decreases in blood glucose levels at 90 minutes (p＜ 0.05) and 120 minutes (p＜ 0.05). MICT did not result in any significant treatment×time interaction on blood glucose concentrations. Neither HIIT nor MICT resulted in any significant treatment×time interaction on blood insulin concentrations. Finally, there was a significant treatment×time interaction (F (1,19) =11.815, p＜ 0.001) in circulating exosome levels. HIIT resulted in a significant increase in exosome levels, whereas MICT did not. Conclusion In conclusion, the current findings suggest that HIIT would be a better strategy for improving glucose homeostasis than MICT. Yet, the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be unveiled in a future study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and physical fitness on cognitive impairment in Korean elderly women. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, a total of 308 Korean elderly women, aged 60 years or older, participated in this study. Measured parameters included the 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS), physical fitness (i.e., upper and lower body strength and flexibility and endurance), and cognitive performance based on Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening. The participants were classified as low (＜ 10%) or intermediate and high (≥ 10%) risk groups based on the 10-year FRS and as unfit (lower 50%) or fit (higher 50%) on a composite z-score of physical fitness. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of cognitive impairment according to the 10-year FRS and physical fitness-based classification. Results: The low FRS/unfit and intermediate or high FRS/unfit groups had significantly higher risks of cognitive impairment (OR, 3.714; 95% CI, 1.324– 10.418; p=0.013 and OR, 11.345; 95% CI, 4.810– 26.762; p＜ 0.001, respectively) compared with the low FRS/fit group (OR, 1). In particular, the elevated risk of cognitive impairment remained significant (OR, 3.876; 95% CI, 1.400– 10.726; p=0.009) even after adjustments for covariates such as age, body mass index, education, and physical inactivity. Conclusion The current findings suggest that an intervention targeting at both CVD risk reduction and physical fitness promotion is urgent as a preventive and/or therapeutic measure against declines in cognitive function in Korean elderly women.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and physical fitness on cognitive impairment in Korean elderly women. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, a total of 308 Korean elderly women, aged 60 years or older, participated in this study. Measured parameters included the 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS), physical fitness (i.e., upper and lower body strength and flexibility and endurance), and cognitive performance based on Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening. The participants were classified as low (＜ 10%) or intermediate and high (≥ 10%) risk groups based on the 10-year FRS and as unfit (lower 50%) or fit (higher 50%) on a composite z-score of physical fitness. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of cognitive impairment according to the 10-year FRS and physical fitness-based classification. Results: The low FRS/unfit and intermediate or high FRS/unfit groups had significantly higher risks of cognitive impairment (OR, 3.714; 95% CI, 1.324– 10.418; p=0.013 and OR, 11.345; 95% CI, 4.810– 26.762; p＜ 0.001, respectively) compared with the low FRS/fit group (OR, 1). In particular, the elevated risk of cognitive impairment remained significant (OR, 3.876; 95% CI, 1.400– 10.726; p=0.009) even after adjustments for covariates such as age, body mass index, education, and physical inactivity. Conclusion The current findings suggest that an intervention targeting at both CVD risk reduction and physical fitness promotion is urgent as a preventive and/or therapeutic measure against declines in cognitive function in Korean elderly women.

Purpose: This study compared isokinetic knee strength profiles by knee surgery history in basketball players. Methods: A total of 17 professional female basketball players (age, 23.7±3.8 years) participated in this study. All the participants performed maximal isokinetic knee strength test concentrically at a velocity of 60°• sec −1 and 180°• sec −1 . Strength variables included peak torque (PT), body mass normalized PT (NPT), bilateral strength difference (BD), hamstrings to quadriceps strength (H/Q) ratio. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare mean differences in the measured parameters by knee surgery history and limb-based sugroups, respectively. Results: Nine subjects had a history of knee surgery. At all velocities, there were no significant group differences in PTs, NPTs, BDs, and H/Q ratios of the knee extensor and flexor muscles by knee surgery history. Overall, NPTs of knee extensor and flexor muscles were 2.91−3.01 N• m• kg −1 and 1.55−1.59 N• m• kg−1 , respectively, and H/Q ratios ranged from 52% to 55%. At 180°• sec −1 . NPTs of knee extensor and flexor muscles were 1.90−1.92 N• m• kg −1 and 1.08−1.10 N• m• kg −1 , respectively, and H/Q ratios ranged from 57% to 58%. Conclusion The current findings suggested that isokinetic knee strength profiles measured at 60°• sec −1 and 180°• sec −1 velocities were similar regardless of a history of knee surgery in the professional female basketball players.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide the descriptive statistics regarding the injury epidemiology of Korean professional basketball players. Methods: In this study, athlete exposures (AEs) and time exposures (TEs) were collected from the 38 basketball players (17 women) who participated in the 2019–2020 regular season. Injury rate (IR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 35 injuries were reported. The overall rate of injury was 5.65 per 1,000 AEs and 0.06 per 1,000 TEs. Approximately 65.7% of all the injuries occurred during the official games, with lower limb injuries accounting for about 57.1% of all the injuries. Ankle was the most frequently injured body area (25.7%) with a IR of 1.45 per 1,000 AEs. Sprain accounted for the largest portion with 54.3% overall, followed by strain, contusion and cartilage damage. The most common cause of injuries was contact with another athletes (37.2%), and the recurrence of past injuries (20.0%) also accounted for a high proportion. Conclusion Korean professional basketball players experience a high rate of injuries occurring during official games.Ankle sprains were the most common ones. Contact-caused injuries accounted for the highest portion.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype wireless local area network (LAN)-based tracking system and evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: A wireless LAN-based tracking system was developed with a personal digital assistant (PDA) having a simple text messaging function and a prototype stand-alone tracking device. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the tracking system was performed in two ways. Twenty-five messages were sent to nurses by direct communication and 46 messages were sent by the wireless system. Thirty cases by nurses and 30 cases by the wireless system to locate hospital equipment were performed. The time required to transfer messages and to locate equipment was measured and analyzed with a Mann-Whitney test and a paired t-test, respectively. RESULTS: The mean time required to transfer messages by direct communication and by the wireless system were 37.92 +/- 19.19 seconds and 30.65 +/- 9.80 seconds, respectively which were not statistically different (p = 0.108). The mean time required to locate equipment by the nurses and by the wireless system was 234.00 +/- 59.99 and 23.97 +/- 6.17 seconds, respectively which was statistically different (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The wireless LAN-based tracking system can save time for nurses to communicate and to check for the location of equipment in wards which allows nurses to spend more time and attention to patient care and safety.
Computers, Handheld ; Equipment and Supplies, Hospital ; Hospital Communication Systems ; Local Area Networks ; Patient Care ; Text Messaging ; Track and Field