BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among patients who underwent orthopedic surgery (OS). METHODS: A total of 222 patients were reviewed immediately after or prior to OS. In the control group, 364 patients from outpatient departments (OPDs) who did not have any OS were enrolled. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze body composition. Skeletal muscle mass was adjusted for height squared, total body weight, and height and fat mass (residuals). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) > 25.0 kg/m2. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the OS group was 25.7%, 44.1%, and 26.6%, respectively, according to the 3 different criteria. The prevalence was significantly lower in the OPD group (6.0%, 33.1%, and 14.8%, respectively). The highest rates of sarcopenia with height-adjusted definition were seen in patients with a femoral neck fracture. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with sarcopenia were male gender, older age, and lower BMI (odds ratio [OR]: 28.38, 1.03, and 1.83, respectively) when muscle mass was adjusted for height, whereas male gender, older age, and higher BMI were associated with sarcopenia (OR: 1.04, 2.57, and 1.83, respectively) when adjusted for weight. When residuals were used as a cutoff, decreased BMI and total hip bone mineral density (0.1 g/cm2) were independent risk factors associated with sarcopenia (OR: 1.09 and 1.05). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.8% to 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of sarcopenia among OS patients.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Obesity* ; Orthopedics* ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sarcopenia*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among patients who underwent orthopedic surgery (OS). METHODS: A total of 222 patients were reviewed immediately after or prior to OS. In the control group, 364 patients from outpatient departments (OPDs) who did not have any OS were enrolled. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze body composition. Skeletal muscle mass was adjusted for height squared, total body weight, and height and fat mass (residuals). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) > 25.0 kg/m2. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the OS group was 25.7%, 44.1%, and 26.6%, respectively, according to the 3 different criteria. The prevalence was significantly lower in the OPD group (6.0%, 33.1%, and 14.8%, respectively). The highest rates of sarcopenia with height-adjusted definition were seen in patients with a femoral neck fracture. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with sarcopenia were male gender, older age, and lower BMI (odds ratio [OR]: 28.38, 1.03, and 1.83, respectively) when muscle mass was adjusted for height, whereas male gender, older age, and higher BMI were associated with sarcopenia (OR: 1.04, 2.57, and 1.83, respectively) when adjusted for weight. When residuals were used as a cutoff, decreased BMI and total hip bone mineral density (0.1 g/cm2) were independent risk factors associated with sarcopenia (OR: 1.09 and 1.05). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.8% to 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of sarcopenia among OS patients.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Obesity* ; Orthopedics* ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sarcopenia*

Tetrasomy 18p is a genetic syndrome caused by an isochromosome consisting of two copies of the short arm of chromosome 18. Clinically, pediatric cases of tetrasomy 18p manifest with global developmental delay, similar to most cases of chromosomal abnormality. In addition, it causes various symptoms including abnormal muscle tone. We report a case of an infant with global developmental delay and remarkable spasticity, the typical phenotype of bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. However, she had a subtle anomaly in her face, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were inconsistent with her strong upper motor neuron signs. Upon genetic testing, she was determined to have an 18p isochromosome, confirming de novo non-mosaic tetrasomy 18p. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that includes developmental delay caused by a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. During diagnostic workup in patients with cerebral palsy, genetic testing should be considered when there are minor physical anomalies or equivocal MRI findings.