1.Exosomal Communication Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immunity and Its Therapeutic Application
Immune Network 2022;22(5):e38-
Exosomes, which are well-known nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are multifunctional biomaterials derived from endosomes and perform various functions. The exosome is a critical material in cell-cell communication. In addition, it regulates the pathophysiological conditions of the tumor microenvironment in particular. In the tumor microenvironment, exosomes play a controversial role in supporting or killing cancer by conveying biomaterials derived from parent cells. Innate immunity is a crucial component of the host defense mechanism, as it prevents foreign substances, such as viruses and other microbes and tumorigenesis from invading the body. Early in the tumorigenesis process, the innate immunity explicitly recognizes the tumor via Ags and educates the adaptive immunity to eliminate it. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes regulate immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes regulate immunity against tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, tumor-derived exosomes regulate polarization, differentiation, proliferation, and activation of innate immune cells. Exosomes produced from innate immune cells can inhibit or support tumor progression and metastasis via immune cell activation and direct cancer inhibition. In this study, we investigated current knowledge regarding the communication between tumor-derived exosomes and innate immune cellderived exosomes (from macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and neutrophils) in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discussed the potential development of exosomal immunotherapy using native or engineered exosomes against cancer.
2.A Case of Juvenile Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Clinically Improved with Cyclosporine.
Hyunseok CHOI ; Sung Soo HAN ; Hyung Kwon PARK ; Jung Woo LEE ; Hee Joon YU ; Joung Soo KIM
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2017;55(5):318-319
No abstract available.
Cyclosporine*
;
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris*
;
Pityriasis*
3.Improvement of tetanus prophylaxis by introducing an immunization information system.
Hyunseok CHO ; Seung Wook LIM ; JaKyoung KIM ; Jae Woo KWON
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2017;60(7):598-602
Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) and tetanus vaccination are in general use for tetanus prophylaxis in patients with trauma based on their personal history of tetanus vaccinations. However, the conventional injection of only TIG has been used for tetanus prophylaxis due to difficulties in verifying the known vaccination histories of Korean patients. We evaluated the effect of introducing an immunization information system (IIS) on tetanus prophylaxis. TIG-injected trauma patients (≥20 years old) who were registered at a single hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were enrolled in this study. IIS was introduced to all doctors in that hospital starting on January 1, 2015. IIS information and medical records were used to assess histories of tetanus vaccination and TIG administration. Comparisons were made between the number of tetanus and TIG shots (inadequate TIG administrations) given before and after the introduction of the IIS. The number of TIG-injected patients varied during the study period (362 in 2013, 387 in 2014, and 235 in 2015). The proportion of tetanus-vaccinated patients relative to TIG-injected patients increased from 2.21% in 2013 to 4.13% in 2014 and 44.26% in 2015 (P <0.001). The proportions of cases that were recorded as having received inadequate TIG administration decreased from 3.59% (13 of 362) in 2013 for patients with ≥3 tetanus vaccinations to 4.39% (17 of 387) in 2014 and 1.28% (3 of 235) in 2015 for the same group P = 0.043). The introduction of IIS could increase the number of patients with trauma who have proper tetanus vaccinations and decrease the number who undergo inadequate TIG administrations. The introduction of IIS can improve clinical practice in terms of enhancing proper tetanus prophylaxis for appropriate patients.
Humans
;
Immunization*
;
Immunoglobulins
;
Information Systems*
;
Medical Records
;
Tetanus*
;
Vaccination
4.Calcification Deposits in Nasal Silicone Implants: Regional Distribution in Relation to Surrounding Soft Tissues.
Hyunseok JIN ; Hyunji KIM ; Kihwan HAN
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 2004;31(3):315-323
Because medical grade silicone rubber implants are highly biocompatible, easily formable and inexpensive polymers, they are commonly used in augmentation rhinoplasty, augmentation mentoplasty and augmentation mammoplasty. Although silicone is believed to be biologically inert for a long time in the body, it can elicit calcification on the surface of the implants as it is known from experience with breast and orbital implants. However, there has been no report on calcification deposits on the surface of nasal silicone implants. Calcification on such implants was discovered during revisional rhinoplasty and the relationship between the calcified surfaces of the implants and the soft tissues surrounding the implants was studied. Nineteen implants were studied from female patients, at times ranging from 12 to 35 years after dorsal silicone implantation. To determine the rhinion's position relative to the implant, the length from the cephalic end of the implants(the 'golden point') to the rhinion was measured on 27 soft tissue profile cephalometric radiographs from the patients who had received dorsal silicone implantation in the past. This showed that the rhinion was situated at a point 42.22% along the length of the implants from the golden point. The surface of the implants was divided into four zones not only by the rhinion but also in relation to the quality of the soft tissues surrounding the implants. Zone I was the cephalic portion of the dorsal surface of the implant in contact with the periosteum. Zone II was the caudal portion of the dorsal surface in contact with the musculoaponeurotic layer. Zone III was the cephalic portion of the ventral surface in contact with the nasal bone. Zone IV was the caudal portion of the ventral surface in contact with the perichondrium. The 19 removed implants were wrapped with transparent tracing paper. The outlines of the implants and calcification areas were drawn and photographed. After placing on images of the photographs, using Adobe Photoshop version 7.0, the areas of calcification were measured. The relative area of calcification was 48.37% in zone I, 36.61% in zone II, 19.17% in zone III, and 14.33% in zone IV respectively. The calcification area of zone I was significantly greater than in other zones(zone II p<0.041; zone III p<0.002; and zone IV p<0.001) and that of zone II was greater than zone III(p<0.002) and IV(p<0.001). The relatively high degree of calcification of zone I was possibly caused by the osteogenic effect of osteoprogenitor cells in the richly vascularized periosteum. Because zone II is more mobile than the cephalic portion of the nose, increased calcification here might have been resulted from mechanical abrasion caused by movement of the muscle layer.
Breast
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Female
;
Humans
;
Mammaplasty
;
Nasal Bone
;
Nose
;
Orbital Implants
;
Periosteum
;
Polymers
;
Rhinoplasty
;
Silicone Elastomers
5.Validity and Reliability of Metacognitive Rating Scale for Nursing Students
Kyunghee LEE ; Youngjin HEO ; Mihwa HAN ; Mijung KIM ; Hyunseok CHOI
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2021;30(3):269-277
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added.
Methods:
A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0.
Results:
Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions.
Conclusion
The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.
6.A Case of Primary Bone Marrow Lymphoma Secondary to Aplastic Anemia.
Yeansook MOON ; Anhi LEE ; Byungkee KIM ; Hyunseok EOM ; Chiwha HAN
Korean Journal of Hematology 2000;35(2):171-173
Primary bone marrow lymphomas are infrequent. We report a case of primary bone marrow T-cell lymphoma in a 33-year old patient who has been treated as a hypocellular marrow. There was no enlarged lymph nodes or organomegaly. The peripheral blood smears showed several lymphoid atypical cells. The bone marrow biopsy revealed markedly increased cellularity and disclosed malignant lymphoma, diffuse, large-cell, immunoblastic type The lymphoma cells disclosed positive reaction in leukocyte common antigen (CD45) and UCHL-1 (CD45RO) antibodies which is compatible with a T-cell phenotype. The patient was received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Adult
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Anemia, Aplastic*
;
Antibodies
;
Antigens, CD45
;
Biopsy
;
Bone Marrow Transplantation
;
Bone Marrow*
;
Humans
;
Lymph Nodes
;
Lymphoma*
;
Lymphoma, T-Cell
;
Phenotype
;
T-Lymphocytes
7.Validity and Reliability of Metacognitive Rating Scale for Nursing Students
Kyunghee LEE ; Youngjin HEO ; Mihwa HAN ; Mijung KIM ; Hyunseok CHOI
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2021;30(3):269-277
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added.
Methods:
A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0.
Results:
Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions.
Conclusion
The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.
8.Wavefront and Visual Function Analysis After Aspherical and Spherical Intraocular Lenses Implantation.
Hyunseok AHN ; Sun Woong KIM ; Eung Kweon KIM ; Tae im KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2008;49(8):1248-1255
PURPOSE: To compare postoperative wavefront aberration and visual functions between aspherical Tecnis Z9003, a new acrylic aspheric intraocular lens (IOL), and spherical AcrySof SA60AT IOL. METHODS: Fifty patients (56 eyes) who underwent cataract extraction and were implanted with spherical or aspherical IOLs were randomly evaluated by wavefront analysis, including an examination of spherical aberration and higher-order aberrations using two different types of aberrometers (ray tracing and automatic retinoscope), manifested refraction, a contrast sensitivity test, and modulation transfer function (MTF), three months after surgery. RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences of spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity between the two different IOL groups. However, the aspherical IOL group showed less spherical aberration and better contrast sensitivity and MTF than the spherical IOL group. CONCLUSIONS: Tecnis Z9003 could compensate for positive spherical aberrations of the cornea and improve contrast sensitivity and MTF, thereby improving visual function.
Cataract Extraction
;
Contrast Sensitivity
;
Cornea
;
Humans
;
Lenses, Intraocular
;
Visual Acuity
9.Immunomodulatory Effects of Dioscoreae Rhizome Against Inflammation through Suppressed Production of Cytokines Via Inhibition of the NF-kappaB Pathway.
Seulah KIM ; Seulmee SHIN ; Bobae HYUN ; Hyunseok KONG ; Shinha HAN ; Aeri LEE ; Seungjeong LEE ; Kyungjae KIM
Immune Network 2012;12(5):181-188
Dioscoreae Rhizome (DR) has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases and is reported to have anti-diabetes and anti-tumor activities. To identify a bioactive traditional medicine with anti-inflammatory activity of a water extract of DR (EDR), we determined the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and performed a FACS analysis for measuring surface molecules. EDR dose-dependently decreased the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2, as well as mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1 and B7-2 was also reduced by EDR. Furthermore, activation of the nuclear transcription factor, NF-kappaB, but not that of IL-4 and IL-10, in macrophages was inhibited by EDR. These results show that EDR decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory protein level, suggesting that EDR could be a useful immunomodulatory agent for treating immunological diseases.
Blotting, Western
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Cytokines
;
Dinoprostone
;
Dioscorea
;
Immune System Diseases
;
Inflammation
;
Interleukin-10
;
Interleukin-4
;
Interleukin-6
;
Macrophages
;
Medicine, Traditional
;
NF-kappa B
;
Rhizome
;
RNA, Messenger
;
Transcription Factors
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
;
Water
10.Modulation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in the Fat by an Aloe Gel-based Formula, QDMC, Is Correlated with Altered Gut Microbiota
Jinho AN ; Heetae LEE ; Sungwon LEE ; Youngcheon SONG ; Jiyeon KIM ; Il Ho PARK ; Hyunseok KONG ; Kyungjae KIM
Immune Network 2021;21(2):e15-
Abnormal inflammatory responses are closely associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Oral administration of Qmatrix-diabetes-mellitus complex (QDMC), an Aloe gel-based formula, has been reported to improve inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice; however, the role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating efficacy of QDMC remains unclear. We investigated the effect of QDMC on the gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic aged mouse model that was administered a high-fat diet. Proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine levels in the fat were normalized via oral administration of QDMC, and relative abundances of Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus, and Mucispirillum were simultaneously significantly increased. The abundance of these bacteria was correlated to the expression levels of cytokines. Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory activity of QDMC is partly mediated by the altered gut microbiota composition.