OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the influence of age and the mediating role of inflammation have seldom been explored. This study investigated this association while considering the modifying effects of age and inflammatory status. METHODS: This study included 29,491 participants from the 2012-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed by trained dentists using the World Health Organization CPI probe. PD was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4. Pre-existing and incident DM were identified based on serum glucose levels, a history of DM diagnosis, medication use, and insulin injections. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were utilized as an indicator of chronic inflammation. RESULTS: PD and DM exhibited a significant association, which was more pronounced with incident DM than with pre-existing DM, particularly in individuals younger than 65 years. Among those aged 20-44 years, the odds ratio of incident DM for CPI=4 versus CPI=0 was 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.09). High hs-CRP levels (>3 mg/L) were also associated with DM, especially in individuals with PD. This association was stronger with incident DM than with pre-existing DM. A notable joint effect was observed in younger individuals and those with PD. CONCLUSIONS The association between PD and DM was more pronounced in younger age groups and those with higher levels of inflammation. Therefore, early interventions for PD in younger patients may be crucial for preventing DM.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of reversible vasogenic edema which mainly involves the parieto-occipital lobes in various clinical settings. Isolated involvement of the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum is rare. An 81-year-old female was admitted because of a decreased level of consciousness, and she had a head trauma history a day before. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive confluent T2 hyperintensity with swelling involving the bilateral thalami, brainstem, and cerebellar peduncle without cortical lesions. We reports a case of central-variant PRES after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004–2020. Patients were categorized as ‘screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)’ or ‘routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)’ based on CXR screening history. Cox proportional hazards model determined the association between screening and all-cause or tuberculosis (TB)-specific mortality. Treatment adherence was also measured. Results: Among 84,828 PTB patients, 18.76% were ACF (15,916), and 81.24% were PCF (68,912). ACF exhibited lower risks in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.73) and TB-specific mortality (aHR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32–0.46) compared to PCF. In the ACF group, 91.39% initiated anti-TB treatment, with 45.99% adherence. For PCF, 92.87% initiated treatment, and only 45.44% were adherent. Conclusion Individuals undergoing CXR screening have a lower risk of both all-cause and TB-specific mortality compared to PCF, but treatment adherence is similar between the two groups, emphasizing the need to improve the linkage between screening, diagnosis, and treatment for the screened population.

Background: Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004–2020. Patients were categorized as ‘screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)’ or ‘routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)’ based on CXR screening history. Cox proportional hazards model determined the association between screening and all-cause or tuberculosis (TB)-specific mortality. Treatment adherence was also measured. Results: Among 84,828 PTB patients, 18.76% were ACF (15,916), and 81.24% were PCF (68,912). ACF exhibited lower risks in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.73) and TB-specific mortality (aHR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32–0.46) compared to PCF. In the ACF group, 91.39% initiated anti-TB treatment, with 45.99% adherence. For PCF, 92.87% initiated treatment, and only 45.44% were adherent. Conclusion Individuals undergoing CXR screening have a lower risk of both all-cause and TB-specific mortality compared to PCF, but treatment adherence is similar between the two groups, emphasizing the need to improve the linkage between screening, diagnosis, and treatment for the screened population.

OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the influence of age and the mediating role of inflammation have seldom been explored. This study investigated this association while considering the modifying effects of age and inflammatory status. METHODS: This study included 29,491 participants from the 2012-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed by trained dentists using the World Health Organization CPI probe. PD was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4. Pre-existing and incident DM were identified based on serum glucose levels, a history of DM diagnosis, medication use, and insulin injections. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were utilized as an indicator of chronic inflammation. RESULTS: PD and DM exhibited a significant association, which was more pronounced with incident DM than with pre-existing DM, particularly in individuals younger than 65 years. Among those aged 20-44 years, the odds ratio of incident DM for CPI=4 versus CPI=0 was 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.09). High hs-CRP levels (>3 mg/L) were also associated with DM, especially in individuals with PD. This association was stronger with incident DM than with pre-existing DM. A notable joint effect was observed in younger individuals and those with PD. CONCLUSIONS The association between PD and DM was more pronounced in younger age groups and those with higher levels of inflammation. Therefore, early interventions for PD in younger patients may be crucial for preventing DM.

OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the influence of age and the mediating role of inflammation have seldom been explored. This study investigated this association while considering the modifying effects of age and inflammatory status. METHODS: This study included 29,491 participants from the 2012-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed by trained dentists using the World Health Organization CPI probe. PD was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4. Pre-existing and incident DM were identified based on serum glucose levels, a history of DM diagnosis, medication use, and insulin injections. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were utilized as an indicator of chronic inflammation. RESULTS: PD and DM exhibited a significant association, which was more pronounced with incident DM than with pre-existing DM, particularly in individuals younger than 65 years. Among those aged 20-44 years, the odds ratio of incident DM for CPI=4 versus CPI=0 was 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.09). High hs-CRP levels (>3 mg/L) were also associated with DM, especially in individuals with PD. This association was stronger with incident DM than with pre-existing DM. A notable joint effect was observed in younger individuals and those with PD. CONCLUSIONS The association between PD and DM was more pronounced in younger age groups and those with higher levels of inflammation. Therefore, early interventions for PD in younger patients may be crucial for preventing DM.

Background: Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004–2020. Patients were categorized as ‘screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)’ or ‘routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)’ based on CXR screening history. Cox proportional hazards model determined the association between screening and all-cause or tuberculosis (TB)-specific mortality. Treatment adherence was also measured. Results: Among 84,828 PTB patients, 18.76% were ACF (15,916), and 81.24% were PCF (68,912). ACF exhibited lower risks in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.73) and TB-specific mortality (aHR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32–0.46) compared to PCF. In the ACF group, 91.39% initiated anti-TB treatment, with 45.99% adherence. For PCF, 92.87% initiated treatment, and only 45.44% were adherent. Conclusion Individuals undergoing CXR screening have a lower risk of both all-cause and TB-specific mortality compared to PCF, but treatment adherence is similar between the two groups, emphasizing the need to improve the linkage between screening, diagnosis, and treatment for the screened population.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of reversible vasogenic edema which mainly involves the parieto-occipital lobes in various clinical settings. Isolated involvement of the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum is rare. An 81-year-old female was admitted because of a decreased level of consciousness, and she had a head trauma history a day before. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive confluent T2 hyperintensity with swelling involving the bilateral thalami, brainstem, and cerebellar peduncle without cortical lesions. We reports a case of central-variant PRES after traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the influence of age and the mediating role of inflammation have seldom been explored. This study investigated this association while considering the modifying effects of age and inflammatory status. METHODS: This study included 29,491 participants from the 2012-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed by trained dentists using the World Health Organization CPI probe. PD was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4. Pre-existing and incident DM were identified based on serum glucose levels, a history of DM diagnosis, medication use, and insulin injections. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were utilized as an indicator of chronic inflammation. RESULTS: PD and DM exhibited a significant association, which was more pronounced with incident DM than with pre-existing DM, particularly in individuals younger than 65 years. Among those aged 20-44 years, the odds ratio of incident DM for CPI=4 versus CPI=0 was 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.09). High hs-CRP levels (>3 mg/L) were also associated with DM, especially in individuals with PD. This association was stronger with incident DM than with pre-existing DM. A notable joint effect was observed in younger individuals and those with PD. CONCLUSIONS The association between PD and DM was more pronounced in younger age groups and those with higher levels of inflammation. Therefore, early interventions for PD in younger patients may be crucial for preventing DM.

Background: Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004–2020. Patients were categorized as ‘screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)’ or ‘routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)’ based on CXR screening history. Cox proportional hazards model determined the association between screening and all-cause or tuberculosis (TB)-specific mortality. Treatment adherence was also measured. Results: Among 84,828 PTB patients, 18.76% were ACF (15,916), and 81.24% were PCF (68,912). ACF exhibited lower risks in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.73) and TB-specific mortality (aHR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32–0.46) compared to PCF. In the ACF group, 91.39% initiated anti-TB treatment, with 45.99% adherence. For PCF, 92.87% initiated treatment, and only 45.44% were adherent. Conclusion Individuals undergoing CXR screening have a lower risk of both all-cause and TB-specific mortality compared to PCF, but treatment adherence is similar between the two groups, emphasizing the need to improve the linkage between screening, diagnosis, and treatment for the screened population.