PURPOSE : To determine the patterns of electromyographic (EMG) responses and torques of upper extremity muscles in overhead throwers during maximal, eccentric muscle action for shoulder flexion (Flex_Ecc), abduction (Abd_Ecc) and diagonal activities (Dia_Ecc) with full glenohumeral internal rotation, at 60, 120, and 180°/s on the dynamometer.METHODS : Seven asymptomatic subjects (7 men, 4 women) who participate in overhead sports at least three days a week volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were randomly performed with the test procedure which consisted of at least 5 grade maximal-effort repetitions on the three different testing conditions, at 60, 120, and 180°/s on the dynamometer, while we assessed muscle activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), middle deltoid (MD), posterior deltoid (PD), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles by surface electromyography. EMG data was expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) that was obtained from the highest root mean square (RMS, 50 ms) of each muscle and was normalized and averaged.RESULT : AD muscle elicited lower muscle activity during Dia_Ecc than Flex_Ecc and Abd_Ecc (P＜0.05) while the MD, PD, UT, MT, and LT muscles elicited overall greater muscle activities during Dia_Ecc. MD and MT muscle activities were significantly greater for the faster speed than for the slower speed as 60°/s during Abd_Ecc (P＜0.05). Peak torque generated greater muscle strength for Dia_Ecc than Flex_Ecc and Abd_Ecc, and it was significantly greater for the faster speed than slower speed during Dia_Ecc (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION : Posterior upper extremity muscle activities and peak torque values were found to be dependent on eccentric muscle action for diagonal shoulder activity at the faster speed. This study provided evidence that isokinetic eccentric muscle strength testing of the posterior upper extremity muscle was effective to develop of a proper program for overhead sports athletes require forceful stability during deceleration phase.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute with two different concentrations of Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (ErhBMP-2) enhances new bone formation in a standardized rabbit sinus model and to evaluate the concentration-dependent effect of ErhBMP-2. METHODS: Standardized, 6-mm diameter defects were made bilaterally on the maxillary sinus of 20 male New Zealand white rabbits. Following removal of the circular bony windows and reflection of the sinus membrane, BCP bone substitute without coating (control group) was applied into one defect and BCP bone substitute coated with ErhBMP-2 (experimental group) was applied into the other defect for each rabbit. The experimental group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the concentration of ErhBMP-2 (0.05 and 0.5 mg/mL). The animals were allowed to heal for either 4 or 8 weeks and sections of the augmented sinus and surrounding bone were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histologically. RESULTS: Histologic analysis revealed signs of new bone formation in both the control and experimental groups with a statistically significant increase in bone formation in experimental group 1 (0.05 mg/mL ErhBMP-2 coating) after a 4-week healing period. However, no statistically significant difference was found between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (0.5 mg/mL ErhBMP-2 coating) in osteoinductive potential (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ErhBMP-2 administered using a BCP matrix significantly enhanced osteoinductive potential in a standardized rabbit sinus model. A concentration-dependent response was not found in the present study.
Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium ; Durapatite ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; X-Ray Microtomography

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of osteogenic potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute coated with synthetic cell-binding peptide sequences in a standardized rabbit sinus model. METHODS: Standardized 6-mm diameter defects were created bilaterally on the maxillary sinus of ten male New Zealand white rabbits, receiving BCP bone substitute coated with synthetic cell binding peptide sequences on one side (experimental group) and BCP bone substitute without coating (control group) on the other side. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of bone formation was carried out after a healing period of 4 or 8 weeks. RESULTS: Histological analysis revealed signs of new bone formation in both experimental groups (4- and 8-week healing groups) with a statistically significant increase in bone formation in the 4-week healing group compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant difference in bone formation was found between the 8-week healing group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that BCP bone substitute coated with synthetic cell-binding peptide sequences enhanced osteoinductive potential in a standardized rabbit sinus model and its effectiveness was greater in the 4-week healing group than in the 8-week healing group.
Artificial Cells ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Oligopeptides ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in bond strength of four different indirect composites to the gold alloy and Ni-Cr alloy according to type of metal surface treatment after water storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type IV gold alloy and Ni-Cr alloy were used for casting alloy while four types of indirect composite resins (Gradia, Tescera Sinfony and in;joy) were used in this study. Metal specimens were produced by casting and total of 240 specimens (60 specimens per one indirect composite group) were prepared. After bonding indirect composite resin and undergoing 24 hours of polymerization, customized jig was attached to the metal specimen and shear bond strength were measured using universal testing machine. Also, differences in shear bond strength before and after water storage for 240 hours were also measured. RESULTS: In the measurement of shear bond strength according to the metal surface treatments, bead group showed high strength followed by loop and flatting group (P<.05). After being stored in water bath for 240 hours, Gradia showed statistically significant high bond strength compared to other indirect composite resins in all groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Shearbond strength was found to be different according to type of metal surface treatment and type of metal used after storage in water. Further studies need to be developed for clinical practices as three are still problems of microleakage, stain or wear.
Alloys ; Baths ; Composite Resins ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Water

Erratum agreed to by all authors, editor in chief, publisher, and scientific society.

PURPOSE: The rapid recognition of cardiac arrest is an important factor for survival in cardiac arrest patients, and gasping is a primary barrier to the recognition of a cardiac arrest. This study examined differences in capability of recognizing a cardiac arrest and gasping among lay people, hospital nurses, and medical dispatchers. METHODS: From January to July 2016, 193 participants (65 lay people 62 hospital nurses, and 66 medical dispatchers) watched video clips of a collapsed virtual patient with unresponsiveness, gasping or seizure and answered a questionnaire asking whether the patient was in cardiac arrest or not. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed and compared among the groups. RESULTS: The total score of the questionnaire on the determination of cardiac arrest among lay people, nurses, and medical dispatchers were significant (3.09±1.43 vs. 4.15±1.22 vs. 4.45±1.29 points, p < 0.01). In the questions regarding cardiac arrest with gasping, the correct answer rate was highest in the dispatchers, followed in order by nurses and lay people (82.5% vs. 54.8% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, lay people had the lowest recognition capability of a cardiac arrest and gasping among the groups. In addition, gasping is a meaningful barrier to cardiac arrest recognition for both lay people and healthcare providers.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Health Personnel ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Respiration ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: Until now, there is minimal number of research for overall domestic status of orphan drug use in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify the list of orphan drugs available in Korea and to understand the status of orphan drug usage in tertiary Hospitals and rare incurable disease Hospital. METHODS: We made domestic orphan drug lists based on available orphan drugs in Korea. Based on this lists, we conducted e-mail survey from August, 2014 to September, 2014 to identify domestic status of orphan drug usage including the availability and management of orphan drugs. RESULTS: There are three hundred and eighteen orphan drugs (184 ingredients) registered in Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Among the three hundred and eighteen orphan drugs, Two hundred and twenty-eight drugs (102 ingredients) were selected. Information on each item was collected and documented with generic and brand names, manufacturers, wholesalers, indications, FDA approval status and insurance coverage. Forty-three tertiary hospitals and thirty-two rare incurable hospitals responded to the survey questionnaire (57.3%). According to the survey result, the antineoplastics and immunomodulating agents group has the highest percentage (40%) usage in the hospital. Of fortythree tertiary hospitals, thirteen hospitals manage orphan drugs separately (30.2%). Based on the reply, most of the healthcare professionals commented the drug information related to efficacy and safety including medication counseling of orphan drugs is insufficient. CONCLUSION: Through this study we anticipate providing an understanding of orphan drug usage status in Korea. We found the limited resources to the information on orphan drugs and this information requires updating on a regular basis. This can be the basis for further studies about preparing drug information, educational resources for rare disease patients.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Korea ; Orphan Drug Production* ; Rare Diseases ; Tertiary Care Centers*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alendronates on bone remodeling around titanium implant in the maxilla of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The maxillary first molars were extracted and customized-titanium implants were placed immediately in thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into experimental (bisphosphonate) group and control group. At 4 weeks after implantation, the rats in the bisphosphonate group were subcutaneously injected with alendronate three times a week for 6 weeks where as the rats in control group were injected with saline. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks after starting of injection and maxillary bones were collected subsequently. Alveolar bone remodeling around the implants were evaluated by radiographic and histologic analysis. Microarray analysis and immunohistomorphologic analysis were also performed on one rat, sacrificed at 6 weeks after starting of injection, from each group. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the bone area (%) around implant between the bisphosphonate group and the control group. However, the amount of empty lacuna was significantly increased in the bisphosphonate group, especially in the rats sacrificed at 4 weeks after starting of injection compared to that of the corresponding control group. The bisphosphonate group showed the same level of TRAP positive cell count, osteocalcin and angiopoietin 1 as the control group. CONCLUSION: Alendronate may not decrease the amount of osteoclast. However, the significantly increased amount of empty lacuna in the bisphosphonate group may explain the suppression of bone remodeling in the bisphosphonate group.
Alendronate* ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Animals ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; Bone Remodeling* ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Jaw ; Male ; Maxilla ; Microarray Analysis ; Molar ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stability of interface between Co-Cr-Mo (CCM) UCLA abutment and external hex implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen external hex implant fixtures were assigned to two groups (CCM and Gold group) and were embedded in molds using clear acrylic resin. Screw-retained prostheses were constructed using CCM UCLA abutment and Gold UCLA abutment. The external implant fixture and screw-retained prostheses were connected using abutment screws. After the abutments were tightened to 30 Ncm torque, 5 kg thermocyclic functional loading was applied by chewing simulator. A target of 1.0 × 10⁶ cycles was applied. After cyclic loading, removal torque values were recorded using a driving torque tester, and the interface between implant fixture and abutment was evaluated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The means and standard deviations (SD) between the CCM and Gold groups were analyzed with independent t-test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Fractures of crowns, abutments, abutment screws, and fixtures and loosening of abutment screws were not observed after thermocyclic loading. There were no statistically significant differences at the recorded removal torque values between CCM and Gold groups (P>.05). SEM analysis revealed that remarkable wear patterns were observed at the abutment interface only for Gold UCLA abutments. Those patterns were not observed for other specimens. CONCLUSION: Within the limit of this study, CCM UCLA abutment has no statistically significant difference in the stability of interface with external hex implant, compared with Gold UCLA abutment.
Crowns ; Fungi ; Mastication ; Prostheses and Implants ; Torque

Management of Takayasu's arteritis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) is difficult because of the possibility of restenosis. Clinically significant stenotic lesions must be considered anatomical correlation. Many studies have reported that the management of stenotic lesions of the LMCA with endoluminal stenting and balloon angioplasty and de-novo stenting is safe and effective for patients with Takayasu's arteritis. We report the case of a patient with Takayasu's arteritis of the LMCA. The patient had undergone two consecutive percutaneous coronary interventions because of recurrent restenosis of in-stent lesions, and eventually underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for myocardial infarction in the same lesion. We suggested treatment with CABG because the pathophysiology of Takayasu's arteritis is different from that of atherosclerotic stenosis.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Stents ; Takayasu Arteritis ; Transplants