The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 5 weeks self-help management program on reducing depression, promoting Activity of Daily Livings(ADLs), Instrumental Activity of Daily Livings(IADLs), grasping power, hope and self-efficacy for post stroke patients visiting public health care centers in Seoul. This was pre-experimental study, and the subjects were 27 post stroke hemiplegic patients. This self-help management program was composed of five sessions and each session had health education on stroke, ROM exercise and recreation. Data were collected from May to November, 2000, and all subjects were asked to complete the Questionnaires, be measured vital signs and grasping power. Data were analyzed with frequency, percent, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SAS( version 6.12) program. The results were as follows: 1) The score of ADLs was increased from 27.04 to 28.22 after program, and that was statistically significant(p = .005). 2) The score of IADLs was increased from 18.70 to 19.78 after program, and that was statistically significant(p = .004) 3) The grasping power of right hand was increased from 21.87kg to 26.93kg after program, and that was statistically significant (p = .002). But the grasping power of left hand were statistically insignificant (p = .919). 4) The score of depression was decreased from 39.63 to 35.30 after program, and that was statistically significant(p = .030). 5) The scores of hope was increased from 30.89 to 34.15 after program, and that was statistically significant(p = .002). 6) The score of self-efficacy was increased from 67.70 to 76.37 after program, and that was statistically significant(p = .000). According to the results of this study, the scores of Activity of Daily Livings (ADLs). Instrumental Activity of Daily Livings (IADLs). hope, and self-efficacy and the grasping power were improved and depression was reduced for post stroke patients participating in self-help management program. Therefore we recommend to use self-help management programs as a nursing intervention for the post stroke patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Depression* ; Hand ; Hand Strength* ; Health Education ; Hope* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Public Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recreation ; Seoul ; Stroke ; Vital Signs

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. Because of their sequelae, strokes are categorized as a sudden-onset. constant course chronic illness which needs continuous efforts for rehabilitation. Unfortunately. there are few community based rehabilitation program for post-stroke patients who stay at home. The authors developed a community based selp-help management program for post-stroke patients to enhance their rehabilitation process. The program consists of five sessions and each session contains health education. ROM exercise, ADL training, and stress management like foot reflexology. A professor and two graduate students of nursing college coordinated the program. To test the effects of the program we conducted a 5 week program to the 10 conveniently selected post-stroke patients who were living in Kang-buk district of Seoul. The Questionnaires about ADLs. IADLs, depression and life satisfaction were asked to the all subjects before and after progarm. The hand grisp power and muscle strength of four limbs were measured at the end of each sessions. The analysis of data revealed that the program was effective to increase the ADLs, IADLs, and muscle strength and to decrease the depression levels of subjects. However, there was no significant difference between pre and post hand grisp power and life satisfaction. Because the program was effective to improve the physical and psycholocial function of subjects, we suggest continual development and implementation of community based self-help management programs.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease ; Depression* ; Extremities ; Foot ; Hand ; Health Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Massage ; Muscle Strength* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Seoul ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Humans ; Infant*

A 12-year-old boy developed pure red cell anemia(PRCA) during a combination therapy of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) for epilepsy. His complex partial seizure was intractable to monotherapy. During 7 months of treatment, he was treated with Vigabatrin, Carbamazepine and Valproate. While switching from Carbamazepine to Valproate, he presented anemia but with no jaundice. His hemoglobin was 4.1g/dl bone-marrow biopsy revealed erythroid hypoplasia with normal myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis, indicating PRCA. Rapid recovery from PRCA was observed 1 month after discontinuation of Valproate, without immunosuppressive therapy. Although the hematologic toxicity of AEDs is well documented, isolated cessation of red cell production is uncommon. Our observation suggests that the synergistic toxicity caused by Valproate and Carbamazepine may induce PRCA through the inhibitory effect beyond the differentiation stage of BFU-E and CFU-E.
Anemia* ; Anticonvulsants* ; Biopsy ; Carbamazepine ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Myelopoiesis ; Seizures ; Thrombopoiesis ; Valproic Acid ; Vigabatrin

PURPOSE: Thioredoxin is an endogenous antioxidant. It regulates the activities of transcriptional factors such as NF-kB(nuclear factor kappa B)and AP-1(activator protein-1) and it increases the synthesis of cytokines, preventing cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of thioredoxin on apoptosis-inducing neuronal cell injury. We investigated the protective effects of thioredoxin against apoptosis-inducing neuronal cell injury through intracellular mechanism by 6-hydroxydopamine and serum deprivation. METHODS: PC 12 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing 10% fetal calf serum and subcultured in 96-well plates. Each well contained 30,000 cells. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, diamide or 6-hydroxydopamine 30 minutes after thioredoxin treatment and then incubated for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity and cellular viability were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release and MTT reduction. RESULTS: Thioredoxin increased cytotoxicity of PC cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine by increasing LDH release and decreasing MTT reduction. In the serum deprivation condition, thioredoxin increased cytotoxicity of PC cells by increasing LDH release. CONCLUSION: Thioredoxin potentiates oxidative injury through intracellular mechanisms by 6-hydroxydopamine and serum deprivation instead of protecting. The cytotoxicity of thioredoxin may be mediated by decreasing the activity of NF-kB, which has been reported recently to protect against cellular apoptosis. Evidence suppors that the cytotoxic effect was not increased in the presence of serum in this study. Therefore, we found that the antioxidant effects of thioredoxin depended on mechanisms of injuries.
Antioxidants ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines ; Diamide ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lactic Acid ; Neurons* ; NF-kappa B ; Oxidopamine ; Thioredoxins*

PURPOSE: Neonatal seizure is usually the presentation of underlying neurologic dysfunction rather than a disease and have high mortality and morbidity as sequalae. Therefore, the parameter predicting the neurologic prognosis is necessary. This study was performed to identify the usefulness of clinical scoring as predictor in neonatal seizure by analyzing outcomes. METHODS: From 1982 to 1994, 101 neonates were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) of Ewha Womans University Tong Dae Mun Hospital due to neonatal seizure and their medical records were reviewed. The follow-up data were reviewed in only 43(42.6%)patients. We scored five clinical manifestations including birth weight, etiology, type of seizure, duration of seizure and neurologic examinations at seizure and differentiated the follow-up data into favorable outcome(normal) and unfavorable outcome(neurologic abnormality, delayed development, frequent seizure, death, or hopeless discharge). RESULTS: 1) Clinical manifestation: Most patients(81.2%) were full term. Seizure of most patients(88.1%) including all very low birth weight infants occured within seven day of age. The etiology of seizure were early hypocalcemia 29 cases(28.7%), severe hypoxia 26 cases(25.8%), electrolyte abnormality 13 cases(12.9%), septicemia 10 cases(9.9%), SAH or SDH 9 cases (8.9%) and hypoglycemia 9 cases(8.9%). The type of seizure were 61 cases(60.4%) of tonic type, 24 cases(23.8%) clonic type, 15 cases(14.8%) of subtle seizure, and 1 case of myoclonic seizure who had holoprosencephaly. The duration of seizure were 49 cases(48.5%) of repetitive brief, 34 cases(33.7 %) of more than 60 sec and 18 cases of single brief. The neulologic findings at seizure showed that 47 cases(46.5%) were normal, that 40 cases(39.6%) were markedly abnorml and that 10 cases(9.9%) were mildly abnormal. 2) The validity of clinical scoring to unfavorable outcome showed 90.9% of sensitivity, 47.6% of specificity, 64.5 of positive predictive value, and 83.3 of negative predictive value when the cut-off point of scores was 4. 3) The birth weight, the duration of seizure and neurologic findings at seizure were good parameters predicting unfavorable outcome (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical scoring had high sensitivity and high negative predictive value as prognostic predictor. Especially, the birth weight, the duration of seizure, and neurologic finding at seizure were useful items.
Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Seizures* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: Thioredoxin is an endogenous antioxidant which directly scavenges reactive oxygen species(ROS) and regenerates oxidatively damaged protein by reducing potential at the redox active disulfide(-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-) site. Under oxidative stress, thiredoxin plays a protective and adaptative role by inducing expressions. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of thioredoxin on oxidative neuronal cell injury. We investigated the protective effects of E. coli thioredoxin, also acting as a substrate for mammalian thioredoxin reductase, against oxidative neuronal cell injury under oxidative stresses such as hydrogen peroxide and diamide. METHODS: PC 12 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing 10% fetal calf serum and subcultured in 96-well plates. Each well contained 30,000 cells. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide or diamide 30 minutes after thioredoxin treatment and then incubated for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity and cellular viability were assessed by measuring of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release and MTT reduction. RESULTS: Thioredoxin not only decreased the cytotoxicity of PC 12 cell treated with hydrogen peroxide by decreasing LDH release and preventing the decrease of MTT reduction but also thioredoxin showed greater protective effects when simultaneously treated with hydrogen peroxide. Also, thioredoxin decreased cytotoxicity by decreasing LDH release from PC 12 cells damaged by diamide. Thioredoxin did not prevent the decrease of MTT reduction on PC 12 cells damaged by diamide. CONCLUSION: Thioredoxin protected PC 12 cells under oxidative stresses by directly scavenging and inhibiting oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and diamide.
Diamide ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lactic Acid ; Neurons* ; Oxidants ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; Thioredoxins*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nurse's incivility experienced by nursing students and coping against incivility on burnout in clinical practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. The subjects were 120 nursing student from four universities in Busan and Yangsan, South Korea. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on incivility, coping, and burnout. Finally total 117 nursing students' data was analyzed except 3 nursing students who had never experienced nurse's incivility for clinical practice. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. RESULTS: 97.5% of subjects (n=120) experienced incivility. Incivility was positively correlated with seeking social support coping, avoiding focused coping and burnout. Incivility and avoiding focused coping had a significant positive effect on burnout. The explained variance for burnout was 10.0% and avoiding focused coping was the most significant factor in burnout. CONCLUSION: Most of nursing students experience the nurses' incivility. Judging incivility as a difficult problem to solve, students use more avoiding focused coping strategy and burnout is increased. Therefore education is needed to improve the coping strategies at incivility. Additionally colleges and hospitals should establish the formal reporting system to handle the incivility.
Busan ; Education ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study >was to examine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and to identify the relationship between work-related psychosocial and acculturative factors and WMSDs among Korean-Chinese workers living in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 195 Korean-Chinese workers who have worked full-time for the past 6 months. A structured questionnaire, including measures for musculoskeletal symptoms, physical demand, work-related psychosocial(job demand, job control, interpersonal conflict), acculturative (acculturation strategy and acculturative stress), and personal factors, was used. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of WMSDs was 64.1%. In comparison to Korean workers, job demand of this group was lower while both interpersonal conflict and lack of job control were higher among them. Integration was the most commonly used acculturation strategy and mean scores of acculturative stress were below the median. Acculturative stress was positively correlated with integration and assimilation while negatively correlated with separation and marginalization. Interpersonal conflict and integration appeared to be related to WMSDs among male and female Korean-Chinese workers, respectively. CONCLUSION: The WMSD interventions need to be planned in consideration of different influences of work-related psychosocial and acculturative factors on WMSDs by gender.
Acculturation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

PURPOSE: The purpose was to identify the risk of drug use by adolescents. METHOD: The participants were 933 male students in the first grade of a high school in D city. The data were collected from Aug. 5th to Oct. 30th, 2004. The instrument was the High Risk Group Adolescent Drug User Screening Test (HIRIGADUST) developed by the Korea Adolescent Society (1996). The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: For substance use, 64.5% of the students answered that they had drunk, 40.3% that they had smoked, and 2.0% that they had tried drug use. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding socio-demographic characteristics, there were significant differences depending on school type, personality, academic performance, economic status, and ability to talk with parents. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding drug using-related characteristics, there were significant differences depending on drinking experience, frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol intake, smoking experience and number of cigarettes smoked. Of the students 27.2% students were in the high risk group. CONCLUSION: In schools, systematic and intensive assessment of drug use should be done, and if needed, a service system connected to clinics specializing in drug addiction should be established. Prevention education should be carried out continuously.
Adolescent* ; Drinking ; Drug Users ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Tobacco Products