This study investigated the changes in the health-related behaviors of adult women in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Data from the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019- 2020) were analyzed. The participants were 4,848 women aged 19 to 64 years in 2019 and 2020. Data analysis using the complex sampling design was performed using SPSS 20.1. Results: Positive changes during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic in Korean adult women were found for improved subjective oral health perceptions (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; p<.001), increased moderate-intensity exercise in work and leisure activities (OR, 1.75; p<.001 and OR; 1.29, p=.004), and a decrease in secondhand smoke exposure at the workplace and in public places (OR, 0.64; p=.004 and OR, 0.60; p<.001). However, the following negative health behavior changes were found: decreased frequency of walking 5 days a week (OR, 0.81; p=.011) and an increase in unhealthy daytime sleep durations (OR, 1.40; p=006). Conclusion: Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean adult women perceived their subjective dental health more positively during the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased their exposure to secondhand smoke at work and in public places, decreased walking, and increased sleep duration during the week. Since this study only compared data between 1 year before and after the start of the pandemic, it is necessary to investigate a longer period of time in the future. A future study should attempt to identify the factors related to changes in health behaviors caused by the pandemic.

Chronic diseases as well as a growing population of older adults are currently the leading cause of ill health and economic burden worldwide. Managing those diseases in one-on-one medical consultations poses substantial challenges due to limited time and resources in the current health care system. Various approaches have been taken to manage these conditions, most with limited success. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are an innovative care delivery option to make the testing of alternative care modalities a prime concern. SMAs are individual medical consultations carried out in a group of patients with similar diseases by providing education, medication management, and disease monitoring. SMAs, since their initial conceptualization in 1998, have gained much popularity and adopted as one of the standard processes in many countries. Accumulated evidence-based studies show outcomes for increasing access to care, behavioral change facilitated through self-management education, maintained/better outcomes, physician productivity, and enhanced resource management. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the existing status of SMAs abroad. An extensive literature search was conducted on major electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. This study suggests to explore and exploit the SMAs which have unique potential as a healthcare delivery innovation in Korea.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shift work and hours of sleep on metabolic syndrome in Korean workers. METHODS: This study used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data of 2014. The study included 1,579 Korean workers aged over 20. χ2 test, t-test, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS: From the univariate analysis, hours of sleep, regular work, occupational group, sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, and self-rated health were significantly related to metabolic syndrome. After adjusting demographic, occupational, and health-related variables, workers with under 6 hours/day of sleep showed higher risk for metabolic syndrome (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.01~2.44), and shift work was not significantly related to metabolic syndrome. Male laborers and workers aged 40 or older also showed higher risk for metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that workers with under 6 hours of sleep, male laborers and workers aged 40 or older are the risk groups of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, prevention and management program for metabolic syndrome should be implemented for this population.
Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Nutrition Surveys ; Occupational Groups ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate differences in health behaviors by job stress level in male and female workers in a large-sized company. METHODS: Participants were 576 male and 228 female workers who completed questionnaires. Job stress was measured using the 'Short Form Korean Occupational Stress Scale (SF-KOSS)'. Health behaviors included smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, and diet. Frequency, mean, SD, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression using SAS version 9.1 were used to analyze data. RESULTS: Smoking, drinking and regular exercise rates were not different by job stress level in male or female workers. Only regular diet was significantly different by job stress level in male and female workers. From multivariate analysis, the alcohol consumption rates for female workers differed by marital status. Regular exercise rate was significantly related to age for male workers and type of employment for female workers. After adjusting for demographic and work-related characteristics, regular diet significantly differed by shift work for male workers and marital status and shift work for female workers. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that nursing interventions should be developed to manage job stress to improve diet habits for male and female workers in large-sized companies.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diet ; Employment ; Exercise ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Questionnaires ; Smoking ; *Stress, Psychological ; Workplace/*psychology

Ketosis-prone diabetes includes heterogeneous disease groups characterized by provoked or unprovoked ketoacidosis (ketosis), with a typical phenotype of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. As the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is universally increasing, the rate of type 2 diabetes in diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents is exptected to increase rapidly. The clinical presentation of atypical ketoacidosis with type 2 diabetes has been reported mostly in adults. We recently experienced a case of a 10-year-old obese girl with new-onset type 2 diabetes who initially presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, and introduce it with literature reviews.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketosis ; Obesity ; Phenotype

Ketosis-prone diabetes includes heterogeneous disease groups characterized by provoked or unprovoked ketoacidosis (ketosis), with a typical phenotype of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. As the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is universally increasing, the rate of type 2 diabetes in diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents is exptected to increase rapidly. The clinical presentation of atypical ketoacidosis with type 2 diabetes has been reported mostly in adults. We recently experienced a case of a 10-year-old obese girl with new-onset type 2 diabetes who initially presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, and introduce it with literature reviews.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketosis ; Obesity ; Phenotype

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing physical activity among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. The study design was based on the Theory of Triadic Influence. METHODS: A total of 242 older adults with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Six variables related to physical activity in older adults, including self-efficacy, social normative belief, attitudes, intention, experience, and level of physical activity, were measured using reliable instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analyses, and a path analysis. RESULTS: The mean physical activity score was 104.2, range from zero to 381.21. The path analysis showed that self-efficacy had the greatest total effect on physical activity. Also, experience had direct and total effects on physical activity as well as mediated the paths of social normative beliefs to attitudes and intention to physical activity. These factors accounted for 10% of the total variance, and the fit indices of the model satisfied the criteria of fitness. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study reveal the important role of self-efficacy and past experience in physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Personal Satisfaction ; Residence Characteristics ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Pediatric outpatient anesthesia is beneficial because it is more comfortable to children and more convenient for families, but delayed discharge causes distress for parents and children and increases health care personnel workload. Therefore, we examined past medical records to evaluate factors affecting discharge time in pediatric outpatient anesthesia. METHODS: We reviewed the anesthetic and post-anesthetic care records of 119 children who required ventilation tube insertion for ambulatory surgery, and who were anesthetized and monitored by an anesthesiologist between June 2001 and February 2004. Data were classified according to the anesthetic technique and agents used, duration of operation and anesthesia, and complications in the recovery room. We then examined the relationships between these factors and discharge time. RESULTS: Compared to intravenous anesthesia, endotracheal anesthesia increased anesthesia time (P <0.05), but not discharge time. Ketamine dosage was found to be closely correlated with discharge time (P <0.01), and complications in the recovery room delayed discharge time (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that excessive ketamine use and postoperative complications delay discharge in pediatric outpatient anesthesia. More attention should be paid to minimize ketamine use and reduce postoperative complications so as not to delay discharge in pediatric outpatient anesthesia.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Medical Records ; Middle Ear Ventilation* ; Outpatients* ; Parents ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery Room ; Ventilation

Since 2012, outbreaks of the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported, including the Republic of Korea. To date, most of the people infected with the virus are adults. Herein we describe the clinical characteristics of cases of MERS-CoV infection among children. As of October 29, 2015, MERS-CoV has caused 34 pediatric infections, which accounts for 2.1% of all cases. The median age was 13 years (range 9 months to 17 years) and where gender has been reported (n=33), 57.6% cases were male. About half of the patients were asymptomatic and the majority of the symptomatic patients had respiratory symptoms. In general, the clinical outcome in children was favorable. Among the four patients who died of progressive pneumonia, three had documented comorbidities. MERS-CoV infection in children has a lower incidence and mortality compared to adults.
Adult ; Child* ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections* ; Coronavirus* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Middle East* ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and satisfaction with volunteer work in a population of health care center volunteers. Ultimately, the results from this study would help to find ways to keep volunteers continuing their work. METHODS: The participants of this study were 179 volunteers who were affiliated with three health care centers located in Gyeonggi-do. Descriptive statistics and multi-stage regression were conducted to analyze data. RESULTS: Self-esteem was significantly associated with the satisfaction with volunteer activity. In addition, the relationship with clients rather than volunteers' general characteristics was also significantly related to the satisfaction with volunteer work. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is necessary to increase a volunteer's self-esteem so that the volunteer can keep continuing his or her volunteering activities. Also, in order to promote good relationships between the volunteers and the clients, it will be important to teach communication skills to volunteers.
Delivery of Health Care ; Public Health