PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MnO₂-diatom microbubbler (DM) on the surface of prosthetic materials as a mouthwash by comparing the biofilm removal effect with those previously used as a mouthwash in dental clinic.MATERIALS AND METHODS: DM was fabricated by doping manganese dioxide nanosheets to the diatom cylinder surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of DM and to analyze the composition of doped MnO₂. Stereomicroscope was used to observe the reaction of DM in 3% hydrogen peroxide. Non-precious metal alloys, zirconia and resin specimens were prepared to evaluate the effect of biofilm removal on the surface of prosthetic materials. And then Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms were formed on the specimens. When 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and DM were treated on the biofilms, the decontamination effect was compared with chlorhexidine gluconate and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution by crystal violet staining.RESULTS: Manganese dioxide was found on the surface of the diatom cylinder, and it was found to produce bubble of oxygen gas when added to 3% hydrogen peroxide. For all materials used in the experiments, biofilms of the DM-treated groups got effectively removed compared to the groups used with chlorhexidine gluconate or 3% hydrogen peroxide alone.CONCLUSION: MnO₂-diatom microbubbler can remove bacterial membranes on the surface of prosthetic materials more effectively than conventional mouthwashes.
Alloys ; Biofilms ; Chlorhexidine ; Decontamination ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Plaque ; Diatoms ; Gentian Violet ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; In Vitro Techniques ; Manganese ; Membranes ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mouthwashes ; Oral Hygiene ; Oxygen ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Streptococcus mutans

The article ‘The biofilm removal effect of MnO2-diatom microbubbler from the dental prosthetic surfaces: In vitro study’ authored by Eun-Hyuk Lee,Yongbeom Seo, Ho-Bum Kwon, Young-Jun Yim, Hyunjoon Kong, Myung-Joo Kim, published in April issue [Vol 58, No 1] of The Journal of KoreanAcademy of Prosthodontics (2020), has an erratum.The author names were mistakenly given as Ho-Bum Kwon, Young-Jun Yim. It should be corrected as Ho‐Beom Kwon, Young‐Jun Lim. The Journal ofKorean Academy of Prosthodontics apologizes to the readers for this error.

This study compared the effectiveness of self-propelling diatom microbubblers to clean dental appliances with commercial denture cleaning agents according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety’s guidelines. The microbubbler is made by doping diatoms with MnO2 nanosheets that can decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen bubbles. Artificial saliva is prepared in accordance with the criteria presented by the American Dental Association, dispensed, and dried in 96 well plates. Experimental groups include 10-15% NaOCl (positive control), distilled water (negative control), diatom microbubbler A (Aulacoseira, MnO2-polydopamine (PDA)-A), diatom microbubbler M (Melosira nummuloids, MnO2-sugar (S)-M), Polident (GlaxoSmithKline, Dungarvan, Ireland), Dentfix-forte (Helago-Phama GmbH&Co, Parchim, Germany). After washing, absorbance (OD 600) was measured. If the absorbance was 70% or higher, the condition was determined to have “cleaning power potency,”Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction to compare cleaning effects among groups (p<0.05).The average cleaning rates were 93.8±1.0% in NaOCl (positive control) and 79.1±1.5% in distilled water (negative control).With the diatom microbubbler A, the average cleaning rate was 79.8±4.5% in the 3% H 2O 2 2 mg/mL, 64.7±5.5% in 6% H 2O 2 2 mg/mL, and 81.9±7.9% in 6% H 2O 2 4 mg/mL. The diatom microbubbler M group showed average cleaning rates of 88.5±3.6% in 3% H2O2 2 mg/mL, 75.8±4.0% in 6% H2O2 2 mg/mL, and 84.5±4.5% in 6% H2O2 4 mg/mL. Finally, conventional denture cleaning agents showed average cleaning rates of 88.2±1.2% in Polident and 83.3±3.0% in Dentfix-forte. The positive control group had significant differences from all experimental groups, but the negative control group showed significant differences only in A2 and A3, M1 and M2, M3, Polident, and Dentfix-forte (F=190.141, p<0.001). Among all groups except the positive control group, MnO2 -S-M mixed with 3% H2O2 2 mg/mL showed the highest cleaning rate. As the results of this study show, diatom complexes exhibit cleaning effects compatible with conventional denture cleaning agents. Further studies need to be conducted to narrow down the specific optimal conditions of diatom microbubblers and maximize the cleaning effect.

Background/Aims: Pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges due to its tendency for late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates. Cryoablation, a technique used to treat various types of cancer, has shown potential in enhancing the prognosis of pancreatic cancer when combined with other therapies. However, its implementation is often limited by the need for lengthy procedures and specialized equipment. This study aims to develop a cryoablation needle optimized for endoscopic ultrasonography to simplify its application in treating pancreatic cancer. Methods: The study involved conducting cryoablation experiments on swine liver tissue. It utilized cryo-needles to evaluate the extent of cell death across various temperatures and durations of cryoablation. Results: The cryoablation system, which employed liquid carbon dioxide, achieved rapid cooling, reaching temperatures below –60 °C within 30 seconds and maintained the cryoablation process for 200 seconds. These conditions resulted in necrosis of the liver tissue. Notable cellular changes were observed up to 15 mm away from the cryoablation needle. Conclusions This experimental study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of using a cryo-needle for cryoablation in swine liver tissue. Further trials involving pancreatic tissue are expected to verify its effectiveness, underscoring the importance of continued research to establish its role as a complementary therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Background/Aims: Pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges due to its tendency for late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates. Cryoablation, a technique used to treat various types of cancer, has shown potential in enhancing the prognosis of pancreatic cancer when combined with other therapies. However, its implementation is often limited by the need for lengthy procedures and specialized equipment. This study aims to develop a cryoablation needle optimized for endoscopic ultrasonography to simplify its application in treating pancreatic cancer. Methods: The study involved conducting cryoablation experiments on swine liver tissue. It utilized cryo-needles to evaluate the extent of cell death across various temperatures and durations of cryoablation. Results: The cryoablation system, which employed liquid carbon dioxide, achieved rapid cooling, reaching temperatures below –60 °C within 30 seconds and maintained the cryoablation process for 200 seconds. These conditions resulted in necrosis of the liver tissue. Notable cellular changes were observed up to 15 mm away from the cryoablation needle. Conclusions This experimental study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of using a cryo-needle for cryoablation in swine liver tissue. Further trials involving pancreatic tissue are expected to verify its effectiveness, underscoring the importance of continued research to establish its role as a complementary therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.

An adaptive design is a clinical trial design that allows for modification of a structured plan in a clinical trial based on data accumulated during pre-planned interim analyses. This flexible approach to clinical trial design improves the success rate of clinical trials while reducing time, cost, and sample size compared to conventional methods. The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of adaptive design and present key considerations for planning an appropriate adaptive design based on specific circumstances. We searched for clinical trials conducted between January 2006 to July 2021 in the Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) using keywords specified in the Food and Drug Administration Adaptive Design Clinical Trial Guidelines. In order to analyze the adaptive designs used in selected cases, we classified the results according to the phase of the clinical trial, type of indication, and the specific adaptation method employed. A total of 267 clinical trials were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov. Among them, 236 clinical trials actually applied adaptive designs and were classified according to phase, indication types, and adaptation methods. Adaptive designs were most frequently used in phase 2 clinical trials and oncology research. The most commonly used adaptation method was the adaptive treatment selection design. In the case of coronavirus disease 2019, the most frequently used designs were adaptive platform design and seamless design. Through this study, we expect to provide valuable insights and considerations for the implementation of adaptive design clinical trials in different diseases and stages.

Background/Aims: Pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges due to its tendency for late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates. Cryoablation, a technique used to treat various types of cancer, has shown potential in enhancing the prognosis of pancreatic cancer when combined with other therapies. However, its implementation is often limited by the need for lengthy procedures and specialized equipment. This study aims to develop a cryoablation needle optimized for endoscopic ultrasonography to simplify its application in treating pancreatic cancer. Methods: The study involved conducting cryoablation experiments on swine liver tissue. It utilized cryo-needles to evaluate the extent of cell death across various temperatures and durations of cryoablation. Results: The cryoablation system, which employed liquid carbon dioxide, achieved rapid cooling, reaching temperatures below –60 °C within 30 seconds and maintained the cryoablation process for 200 seconds. These conditions resulted in necrosis of the liver tissue. Notable cellular changes were observed up to 15 mm away from the cryoablation needle. Conclusions This experimental study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of using a cryo-needle for cryoablation in swine liver tissue. Further trials involving pancreatic tissue are expected to verify its effectiveness, underscoring the importance of continued research to establish its role as a complementary therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Background/Aims: Pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges due to its tendency for late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates. Cryoablation, a technique used to treat various types of cancer, has shown potential in enhancing the prognosis of pancreatic cancer when combined with other therapies. However, its implementation is often limited by the need for lengthy procedures and specialized equipment. This study aims to develop a cryoablation needle optimized for endoscopic ultrasonography to simplify its application in treating pancreatic cancer. Methods: The study involved conducting cryoablation experiments on swine liver tissue. It utilized cryo-needles to evaluate the extent of cell death across various temperatures and durations of cryoablation. Results: The cryoablation system, which employed liquid carbon dioxide, achieved rapid cooling, reaching temperatures below –60 °C within 30 seconds and maintained the cryoablation process for 200 seconds. These conditions resulted in necrosis of the liver tissue. Notable cellular changes were observed up to 15 mm away from the cryoablation needle. Conclusions This experimental study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of using a cryo-needle for cryoablation in swine liver tissue. Further trials involving pancreatic tissue are expected to verify its effectiveness, underscoring the importance of continued research to establish its role as a complementary therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Bone Regeneration ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Inlays ; Mandible ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Titanium ; Transplants

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new infectious disease in human, first recognized in November, 2002 in southern China. Since March, 2003, SARS has spread rapidly worldwide and the SARS outbreak was more than 8,098 cases from 29 countries. National surveillance system for SARS started from March 16, 2003 in Korea. We report the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of 3 probable cases of SARS diagnosed between April 22 and May 12, 2003 in Korea. The first case was a 41-year-old man who was diagnosed as a probable case of SARS because he had fever, cough, travel history to China, and radiologic finding of pneumonic infiltration. The second was an 81-year-old American who came from the Philippines and was going to America by way of Korea. He had fever, cough, and radiologic finding of pneumonic infiltration. The third was a 28-year-old man who noted fever, cough, travel history to Taiwan, and pneumonic infiltration on chest X-ray. Their symptoms were improved in 5-7 days after symptomatic treatment. The antibody test was negative in all patients.
Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Americas ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; Cough ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea* ; Philippines ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome* ; Taiwan ; Thorax