1.Gender Difference in Work-related Musculoskeletal Disease.
Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 2004;14(4):142-150
BACKGROUND: We studied gender difference in prevalence, risk factors, medical management, workplace activities for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs), and the role of gender in analysis of the factors affecting the prevalence of WMSDs. METHODS: In 3, 339 workers at 29 workplace, questionaire survey was conducted. The questionaire was consisted of personal factors, perceived workload and ergonomic factors (modified KOSHA code H-30), perceived job stress (modified Karasek model). musculoskeletal symptoms, medical management, workplace activities for the prevention of WMSDs. RESULTS: Female workers' overall prevalence of WMSDs (37.4%) was higher than that of male workers (18.9%), and there are many differences in the prevalence by the involved site of the body. The rate of personal risk factors, perceived workload, ergonomic risk factors, and the perceived job stress were higher in female workers than those of male workers. In gender-sensitive multivariate analysis, female worker's prevalence of WMSDs was higher in regular workers (OR=2.08), manufacturing, professional, service workers (OR, 2.25, 3.89, 3.26, respectively)). It was also associated with higher perceived workload (OR, 1.48~1.74), higher ergonomic risk (OR, 1.86~3.65), high job demand (OR=1.62), and low social support by co-workers (OR=1.29). The prevalence of WMSDs of male workers was higher in people living with dependent (OR=1.39), manufacturing workers (OR=1.54), but lower in service workers (OR=0.54). It was also associated with high workload (OR=1.98), higher ergonomic risk (OR, 3.26~5.55), and lower job control (OR=1.39). CONCLUSION: These results showed that female workers' high prevalence of WMSDs is the reflection of 'gendered' workplace, i.e. all aspects of WMSDs have profound association with gender from risk factors to medical management. Therefore, gender-sensitive analysis can reveal more realistic factors affecting WMSDs, and provide more valuable implications in prevention of WMSDs.
Female
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Humans
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Male
;
Multivariate Analysis
;
Musculoskeletal Diseases*
;
Prevalence
;
Risk Factors
2.Symptom prevalence and Primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors among manufacturing workers.
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):116-128
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers' past one-year experience of primary interventions. RESULTS 1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and 'high job strain' groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(> or =40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek's job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. IAlso necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.
Chungcheongnam-do
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Employment
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Female
;
Health Education
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Multivariate Analysis
;
Musculoskeletal Diseases
;
Occupational Health
;
Prevalence*
;
Primary Prevention
;
Questionnaires
3.Pathological Characteristics of 20 Cases of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Specificity of Immunohistochemical Stain of Langerin (CD207).
Youngjoon RYU ; Hyunjoo LEE ; Sangho LEE ; Hoiseon JEONG ; Bongkyung SHIN ; Aeree KIM ; Hankyeom KIM ; Insun KIM
Korean Journal of Pathology 2009;43(2):113-119
BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a well-known neoplastic disorder of Langerhans cells which has characteristic findings, however, LCH has not been adequately studied in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 20 patients with LCH who were diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 at the Korea University Guro and Anam Hospitals. RESULTS: The M:F ratio was 3:1 and the age ranged from 2-60 years (mean, 23.8 years [4 in 1st decade, 6 in 2nd decade, 2 in 3rd decade, 5 in 4th decade and 3> or =40 years of age). The cases were classified as unifocal unisystemic in 13 patients, multifocal unisystemic in 4 patients, and multifocal multisystemic in 3 patients. The bone was the most commonly involved organ (14), followed by lymph node (5), lung (2), skin (2) and ureter (1). The Langerhans cells were immunohistochemically stained with Langerin, CD1a, S-100 protein, and CD68. Langerin and CD1a were specific for Langerhans cells. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the involved organs in patients with LCH was similar to the distribution in Western countries, but lymph node involvement was more frequent, whereas lung involvement was less common. Langerin is considered to be a specific marker for Langerhans cells.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
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Humans
;
Korea
;
Langerhans Cells
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Lung
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Lymph Nodes
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S100 Proteins
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Sensitivity and Specificity*
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Skin
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Ureter
4.Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Infections in Korea for Recent 9 Years: Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance.
Sunmi YOO ; Hyunjoo PAI ; Jeong hum BYEON ; Youn Ho KANG ; Shukho KIM ; Bok Kwon LEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2004;19(1):15-20
The aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiological features of typhoid fever, categorized as class 1 notifiable disease in Korea and to analyze the recent change of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated nationwide. We retrospectively analyzed the 1,692 culture-proven cases from 1992 to 2000, using the data of the Korean National Institute of Health. The overall incidence of culture-proven typhoid fever was 0.41 per 100,000 population. It occurred all over the country, but the southeastern part of Korean peninsula had the higher incidence rate than other areas. There were several outbreaks suspected, of which two outbreaks were confirmed. The resistance rate against chloramphenicol showed mild increase, but the ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, or nalidixic acid resistance remained at the similar levels for the past 9 yr. There were 21 (1.3%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains isolated since 1992, and the number of those has increased. Two strains resistant to ciprofloxacin were first identified in Korea.
Ampicillin/pharmacology
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
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Chloramphenicol/pharmacology
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*Drug Resistance, Microbial
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Drug Resistance, Multiple
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Human
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Kanamycin/pharmacology
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Korea
;
Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology
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Retrospective Studies
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Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology
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Salmonella enterica/*metabolism
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Seasons
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Serotyping
;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Time Factors
;
Trimethoprim/pharmacology
5.Relationship of Aircraft-noise and the Result of Audiological Evaluation Among Residents Near U.S. Military Airbases in Pyeongtaek City.
Jong Do JEONG ; Hyunjoo KIM ; Jae Yun JUNG ; Sangchul ROH ; Ho Jang KWON
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):154-164
Objective: To investigate the relationship between aircraft noise and the results of audiological evaluation on tinnitus and hearing loss among residents near United States military air-bases in Pyeongtaek city. METHODS: Residents (n=492) exposed to aircraft noise were selected from eight villages near U.S. military air-bases (K-55 and K-6) in Pyeongtaek city. Residents (n=200) from five villages located at least 10 km away from the air-base were selected for the control group. All participants completed a questionnaire on tinnitus and audiological evaluations included pure tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Statistical analyses involved a general linear model and multiple logistic regression stratified by gender and data was adjusted by age, educational level, stress response index and noise type (i.e. military, agricultural and occupational). RESULTS: The equivalent noise levels (Leq) in the vicinity of the air-field were 73.4~81.5 dB (A). Tinnitus prevalence was 47.3% and odds ratio (OR) was 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09~3.88) among noise-exposed males. Tinnitus prevalence was 50.8% and OR was 1.97(95% CI: 1.17~3.30) among noise-exposed females. Tinnitus handicap scores among exposed group were significantly higher in functional, emotional, and catastrophic subclasses (p<0.001). PTA revealed hearing thresholds among the exposed group of 0.5 and 1 kHz (male right ear), 0.5 and 1 kHz (female left ear) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz on female right ear that were significantly higher than those of the unexposed group. No significant difference in DPOAE was observed among noise-exposed males. However, significant differences were evident for noise-exposed females at 3175 and 4007 Hz. ORs of right female ears 3175 and 4007 Hz were 1.73(95% CI: 1.01~2.99) and 1.78(95% CI: 1.01~3.15). ORs of left female ears at 3175 Hz and 4007 Hz were 1.92(95% CI: 1.10~3.36) and 2.71(95% CI: 1.49~4.91) CONCLUSIONS: Aircraft noise may adversely affect hearing function and tinnitus.
Aircraft
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Audiometry
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Ear
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Electrolytes
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Female
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Hearing
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Hearing Loss
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Humans
;
Linear Models
;
Logistic Models
;
Male
;
Military Personnel
;
Noise
;
Odds Ratio
;
Prevalence
;
Questionnaires
;
Tinnitus
;
United States
6.Relationship of Aircraft-noise and the Result of Audiological Evaluation Among Residents Near U.S. Military Airbases in Pyeongtaek City.
Jong Do JEONG ; Hyunjoo KIM ; Jae Yun JUNG ; Sangchul ROH ; Ho Jang KWON
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):154-164
Objective: To investigate the relationship between aircraft noise and the results of audiological evaluation on tinnitus and hearing loss among residents near United States military air-bases in Pyeongtaek city. METHODS: Residents (n=492) exposed to aircraft noise were selected from eight villages near U.S. military air-bases (K-55 and K-6) in Pyeongtaek city. Residents (n=200) from five villages located at least 10 km away from the air-base were selected for the control group. All participants completed a questionnaire on tinnitus and audiological evaluations included pure tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Statistical analyses involved a general linear model and multiple logistic regression stratified by gender and data was adjusted by age, educational level, stress response index and noise type (i.e. military, agricultural and occupational). RESULTS: The equivalent noise levels (Leq) in the vicinity of the air-field were 73.4~81.5 dB (A). Tinnitus prevalence was 47.3% and odds ratio (OR) was 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09~3.88) among noise-exposed males. Tinnitus prevalence was 50.8% and OR was 1.97(95% CI: 1.17~3.30) among noise-exposed females. Tinnitus handicap scores among exposed group were significantly higher in functional, emotional, and catastrophic subclasses (p<0.001). PTA revealed hearing thresholds among the exposed group of 0.5 and 1 kHz (male right ear), 0.5 and 1 kHz (female left ear) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz on female right ear that were significantly higher than those of the unexposed group. No significant difference in DPOAE was observed among noise-exposed males. However, significant differences were evident for noise-exposed females at 3175 and 4007 Hz. ORs of right female ears 3175 and 4007 Hz were 1.73(95% CI: 1.01~2.99) and 1.78(95% CI: 1.01~3.15). ORs of left female ears at 3175 Hz and 4007 Hz were 1.92(95% CI: 1.10~3.36) and 2.71(95% CI: 1.49~4.91) CONCLUSIONS: Aircraft noise may adversely affect hearing function and tinnitus.
Aircraft
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Audiometry
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Ear
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Electrolytes
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Female
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Hearing
;
Hearing Loss
;
Humans
;
Linear Models
;
Logistic Models
;
Male
;
Military Personnel
;
Noise
;
Odds Ratio
;
Prevalence
;
Questionnaires
;
Tinnitus
;
United States
7.A Case of Scalp Metastasis from Breast Cancer without Other Distant Metastases.
Hyunjoo YOO ; Sang Uk PARK ; Jun Yong LEE ; Jiyoung KIM ; Se Jeong OH
Journal of Breast Disease 2018;6(1):25-28
Cutaneous metastases of malignant tumors are relatively rare, and breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with cutaneous metastases. Since newly developed cutaneous lesions can be the first signs of metastases in breast cancer patients, it is crucial to rule out the possibility of malignancy. Although only a few cases have been reported, breast cancer contributes to a large portion of scalp metastases. This case report demonstrates a rare case of breast cancer metastasis only confined to the scalp. The patient was a 55-year-old woman who was diagnosed with scalp metastasis from breast cancer 10 years after the first curative surgery. The scalp lesion was palpable for 4 years and showed a sudden increase in size over a few months. The patient underwent wide excision with flap coverage. After surgery the patient received radiotherapy, but she has refused additional hormonal therapy. To date, there is no evidence of disease recurrence.
Breast Neoplasms*
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Breast*
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Female
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Metastasis*
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Radiotherapy
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Recurrence
;
Scalp Dermatoses
;
Scalp*
8.The Evaluation of Surrogate Laboratory Parameters for Predicting the Trend of Viral Loads in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome:Cross-Correlation Analysis of Time Series
Misun KIM ; Hyunjoo OH ; Sang Taek HEO ; Sung Wook SONG ; Keun Hwa LEE ; Myeong Jin KANG ; Jeong Rae YOO
Infection and Chemotherapy 2022;54(3):470-482
Background:
There is a correlation between the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) viral load and disease severity; however, measurement of viral load is difficult in general laboratory and it takes time to obtain a viral load value. Here, the laboratory parameters for predicting the dynamic changes in SFTS viral load were identified.In addition, we tried to evaluate a specific time point for the early determination of clinical deterioration using dynamic change of laboratory parameters.
Materials and Methods:
This observational study included SFTS patients in Korea (2013 - 2020). Cross-correlation analysis at lagged values was used to determine the temporal correlation between the SFTS viral loads and time-series variables. Fifty-eight SFTS patients were included in the non-severe group (NSG) and 11 in the severe group (SG).
Results:
In the cross-sectional analyses, 10 parameters -white blood cell, absolute neutrophil cell, lymphocyte, platelet, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK)- were assessed within 30 days from the onset of symptoms; they exhibited three different correlation patterns: (1) positive, (2) positive with a time lag, and (3) negative. A prediction score system was developed for predicting SFTS fatality based on age and six laboratory variables -platelet, aPTT, AST, ALT, LDH, and CPKin 5 days after the onset of symptoms; this scoring system had 87.5% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity (95% confidence interval: 0.831 - 1.00, P <0.001).
Conclusion
Three types of correlation patterns between the dynamic changes in SFTS viral load and laboratory parameters were identified. The dynamic changes in the viral load could be predicted using the dynamic changes in these variables, which can be particularly helpful in clinical settings where viral load tests cannot be performed. Also, the proposed scoring system could provide timely treatment to critical patients by rapidly assessing their clinical course.
9.Changes in Serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine in a Homogenous Population on Jeju Island
Jeong Rae YOO ; Sang Taek HEO ; Hyunjoo OH ; Suhyun OH ; Young Ree KIM ; Keun Hwa LEE
Infection and Chemotherapy 2019;51(1):67-72
We compared the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae between the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 era and post-PCV13 era among homogenous inhabitants of an isolated South Korean island. A total of 325 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated. In the pre-PCV13 era, 19A/F, 15A/F, 19B, and 23A serotypes were identified. In the post-PCV13 era, 15 serotypes were identified. The 19F and 23A serotypes showed the highest prevalence in the pre- and post-PCV13 era, respectively. After PCV13 introduction, the PCV 13 serotype coverage rate was decreased (80.0% and 30.5% in the pre- and post-PCV13 eras, respectively), while the proportion of non-PCV 13 serotypes increased.
10.Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Disease of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Low Case Fatality Rate Region in Korea
Misun KIM ; Jeong Rae YOO ; Sang Taek HEO ; Hyang Ran LEE ; Hyunjoo OH
Infection and Chemotherapy 2021;53(4):718-729
Background:
Jeju island had the seventh highest incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but showed the lowest case fatality rate among 17 provinces of Korea, which may be associated with comorbidities and geographic differences. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the risk factors for severe COVID-19 in Jeju island, Korea.
Materials and Methods:
All patients with COVID-19 admitted between February 20, 2020, and June 19, 2021, at a single center were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of illness was defined using five categories (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical) according to the National Institute of Health criteria. Then, patients with severe and critical illness were grouped into a severe group, whereas patients with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate illness were grouped into a non-severe group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using risk factors that were found to be significantly associated with the severe group.
Results:
This study included 348 patients with a median age was 57 years, and 37.5% were aged 60 or older. Among them, 43.4% were male and 10.9% were asymptomatic, whereas 41.4%, 33.9%, 12.9%, and 1.1% had mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. The all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 0.28% (1/348). Among confirmed patients with COVID-19, exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was mainly within Jeju island (75.9%). The mean body mass index was 24.09 ± 4.04 kg/m 2 , the median comorbidity index score was low in each group (0 in asymptomatic; 1 in mild; 1 in moderate; 1 in severe; and 2 in critical group, P <0.548). In the multivariable analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR), 6.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.69 – 15.13; P <0.001], ≥65 years of age (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.18 – 6.10; P <0.019), chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 6.10; 95% CI, 1.40 – 26.61; P = 0.016), and length of fever duration (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19 – 1.49; P <0.001) were independently associated with severe COVID-19.
Conclusion
The most relevant risk factors of COVID-19 severity were male sex, older age, underlying chronic lung diseases, and duration of fever during hospitalization. The risk factors for severe COVID-19 were not significantly different from those reported in other studies. However, a lower proportion of the older population among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases might contribute to the lower fatality rate than the national rate.