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Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of women under 40 years of age with gynecologic cancer. Methods: Semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 Korean female patients aged 21~39 years with gynecologic cancer. The data were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss' grounded theory approach, including open coding, context analysis, and integrating categories. Results: Grounded theory analysis revealed nine categories and a core category of ‘the journey to find my life after losing the life as a typical woman.’ The categories that emerged as the conditions are ‘Unwelcomed guest, cancer,’ ‘Completely devastated life as an ordinary woman,’ ‘Uncertain future,’ ‘Losing my physical characteristics as a woman,’ and ‘Life tied with treatments.’ The actions/interactions were ‘Decrease of interpersonal relationships,’ ‘A lonely battle to overcome alone,’ and ‘The power to overcome hardships.’ The consequence was ‘Live my own life.’ Conclusion This study contributes to the development of a substantive theory of the experience of gynecologic cancer in young women, which has been on the rise in recent years. The study’s results are expected to be used as a basis for providing nursing care to help young women with gynecologic cancer adapt to their disease.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine the relation of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean women. METHODS: This descriptive correlational design was conducted using a convenient sample taken from the health center of K University Hospital located in Kyungki province, Korea. The subjects were 252 women aged 40 to 64 years. Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory - Korean version and Beck's depression inventory were used for measuring trait anger, state anger, anger expression and depression. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and cluster analysis using a pc-SAS program. RESULTS: The anger expression types by cluster analysis were Anger out/in type, Low anger expression type, and Anger control type. The level of cholesterol and depression were significantly higher in women with high anger in and high trait anger. In addition, the level of depression was significantly higher in women with a high anger temperament. CONCLUSIONS: Trait anger and anger in might be related to cholesterol and depression in women. However, this study does not reveal the relation between blood pressure and trait anger and anger expression.
Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; *Expressed Emotion ; Depressive Disorder/physiopathology/*psychology ; *Blood Pressure ; Anger/*physiology ; Adult

PURPOSE: This randomized control trial was designed to examine the effect on the self-managing ability for promoting bone health of mobile typeebone health intervention (mobile typeeBHI). METHODS: The mobile typeeBHI consisted of amobile application called “Strong bone, Fit body” (SbFb) and group education. A total of 82 college women with low bone mass (Z score <−1) participated. They were assigned randomly to three groups, experimental group I, (n = 28), experimental group II (n = 32), and control group (n = 22). This study ran from June 2014 to January 2015. The outcome variables were bone mineral density, minerals related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D), biochemical markers related to bone remodeling (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, sclerostin), food intake diary by 24 hours recall, and psychosocial variables related to bone health (knowledge, health belief and selfefficacy). Data were analyzed using SAS program and a computer aided nutritional analysis program. RESULTS: Both the experimental group I, who used mobile typeeBHI, and experimental group II, who only received group education, showed outcomes regarding knowledge of the benefits of exercise and calcium as compared with the control group. The two experimental groups also demonstrated results in the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and sclerostin compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Although both experimental groups exhibited positive outcomes in regards to the promotion of bone health, this study did not show an additional effect of the mobile application on selfmanagement ability for the promotion of bone health. Nonetheless, the SbFb application is very meaningful as it is the first application developed with the aim of improving women's bone health.
Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Calcium ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Minerals ; Miners ; Mobile Applications ; Nutrition Assessment ; Phosphorus ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins ; Young Adult*

PURPOSE: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. METHODS: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. RESULTS: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score< or =-2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score< or = 0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score> or =0) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.
Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biological Markers/*metabolism ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism/radiography/ultrasonography ; Calcium/metabolism ; Collagen Type I/metabolism ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Life Style ; Osteocalcin/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Republic of Korea ; Self Efficacy ; Women/*psychology ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Purpose of this study was to investigate the status of depression in academic high school students and path analysis model for exploring the mediating role of entrapment to depression in relation to academic stress and perceived social support. METHODS: Measurements were four reliable questionnaires measuring academic stress, social support, entrapment, and depression. Data were collected from students in 17 high schools in Seoul. RESULTS: Students (n=5,346) completing the questionnaires indicated depression & entrapment from academic stress. Depression was more prevalent in girls, those whose parents' household income was less than two million won, who did not live with father or mother or both due to divorce, separation, or death, and those who smoked or used alcohol. Entrapment was more prevalent in students similar to cases of depression and in seniors. According to the proposed path model, 48.6% of depression was explained by academic stress, social support, and entrapment. The indirect effect of entrapment as a mediator between academic stress and depression was verified and larger than the direct effect of academic stress on depression. CONCLUSION: Considering levels of depression and entrapment demonstrated by these students, better mental health programs with diverse strategies should be developed for their psychological well-being.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; *Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; Students/*psychology ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore status and relationships of anger and its expression type to biopsychosocial health in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used four reliable survey questionnaires that measure anger, depression, resilience, and psychosomatic symptoms. Data were collected from 18,752 students of 36 middle schools and 23 high schools located in 23 administrative districts in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The Korean adolescents who completed the questionnaires indicated moderate level of trait anger. 45% of them demonstrated using one of three undesirable types of anger expression such as dysfunctional anger-in and anger-out, high level anger-in, or high level anger-out. Also, level of trait anger and types of anger expression were significantly associated with resilience, depression, and psychosomatic health status. CONCLUSION: School-based mental health education such as anger management programs for Korean adolescents might be necessary to help them develop desirable and effective coping skills and strategies.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent* ; Anger* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore status and relationships of anger and its expression type to biopsychosocial health in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used four reliable survey questionnaires that measure anger, depression, resilience, and psychosomatic symptoms. Data were collected from 18,752 students of 36 middle schools and 23 high schools located in 23 administrative districts in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The Korean adolescents who completed the questionnaires indicated moderate level of trait anger. 45% of them demonstrated using one of three undesirable types of anger expression such as dysfunctional anger-in and anger-out, high level anger-in, or high level anger-out. Also, level of trait anger and types of anger expression were significantly associated with resilience, depression, and psychosomatic health status. CONCLUSION: School-based mental health education such as anger management programs for Korean adolescents might be necessary to help them develop desirable and effective coping skills and strategies.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent* ; Anger* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prevention program for adolescents and confirm its effectiveness in primary prevention by applying dialectical behavior therapy skills training (DBT-ST). Methods: From September to December 2021, 217 first-year students in three middle schools in the Chungcheong Province were tested for changes from before and after the program using the Responses to Depressed Mood Questionnaire and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 using paired t-tests. McNemar’s test was conducted to confirm the changes in the perception and attitude scale of NSSI for each question. Results: A comparison of the changes from before and after the program revealed that the response to depressed mood (t=7.93, p<0.001), ruminant response (t=5.18, p<0.001), and distractive response (t=6.07, p<0.001) which are subfactors of the response to depressive moods, were significantly affected. There was a significant decrease in the difficulty in performing goaloriented behavior (t=3.34, p=0.01) and lack of emotional clarity (t=2.52, p=0.012), which are subfactors of emotional regulation difficulties. Also, in the comparison of the perception and attitude towards NSSI, statistically significant changes were confirmed in 7 out of a total of 9 questions (p<0.001). Conclusion It was confirmed that this program developed by applying DBT-ST was effective in the primary prevention of NSSI for adolescents.

objectives: ：This study aims to compare the mental health of adolescents living in child care institutions (orphanages) and youth shelters, to provide basic data for appropriate psychiatric interventions for each facilities. Methods: ：The sample consisted of 157 adolescents in child care institutions and 31 adolescents in Youth Shelters who completed the Korean version of the Youth Self Report (K-YSR). We compared the K-YSR scores between the two groups and also examined factors related to suicidality. Results: ：Adolescents in youth shelters were older and had higher rates of drinking (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), and “abnormal sleep” (p=0.007) than adolescents in child care institutions. They also showed higher ‘suicidality’ (p=0.004) and K-YSR scores. On the other hand, adolescents in child care institutions have lower ‘suicidality’, but they have higher ‘suicidality’ when they have ‘abnormal sleep’ (OR 4.194; p=0.006),abnormal diet’ (OR 2.503; p=0.010), and ‘concerns about weight gain’ (OR 2.503; p=0.010). Additionally, 17.6% of participants in the study showed ‘suicidality’. The ‘suicidality’ group had a higher overall K-YSR score than the non-suicidal group, and had higher ‘abnormal sleep’ (OR 3.766; p=0.014) and ‘concern about weight gain’ (OR 2.864; p=0.032). Conclusions ：Adolescents in youth shelters appear to have more serious clinical difficulties than adolescents in child care institutions, so prompt psychiatric intervention is needed. Additionally, it is necessary to consider mental health assessments including suicidality when adolescents in child care institutions complain of sleep, eating, or weight gain problems.