Fine needle aspiration of the breast is an important diagnostic tool in malignant lesions, but is also useful in differentiation of inflammatory breast diseases mimicking carcinoma clinically and radiologically. Recently, the authors have experienced eight biopsy-proven cases of chronic inflammatory diseases of the breast, which consisted of 4 cases of duct ectasia, 2 cases of fat necrosis, and a case of tuberculous mastitis and granulomatous mastitis respectively, Their cytoiogic features mainly based on the components and the relative frequency of inflammatory cells were evaluated for differential diagnosis of chronic inflammatory breast diseases. The results are as follows ; 1. In cases of duct ectasia, varying amount of neutrophils, mononuclear leukocytes, histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells were intermixed with benign epithelial cell clusters. 2, Abundant fat tissue fragments were diagnostic for fat necrosis. Histiocytes and mononuclear cells were main components but not rich, and neutrophils and giant cells were infrequently observed. 3. Characteristic granulomas composed of epithelioid cells, mononuclear leukocytes and Langhans' type giant cells and lymphocytic infiltrates were conspicuous in tuberculous mastitis, and occasionally neutrophils, necrotic materials and epithelial cell clusters were found. 4. In granulomatous mastitis, epithelioid cell granulomas were also noted but numerous neutrophils and histiocytes were intermingled within or outside the granulomas.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Breast Diseases ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelioid Cells ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Granulomatous Mastitis ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mastitis ; Mothers* ; Neutrophils ; Salivary Glands

In a six-year period(1988. 5-1994. 4), fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of 322 pulmonary lesions from 296 patients were performed at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Of these 322, malignancy was diagnosed cytologically in 139(43.2%), suspicious malignancy in 7(2.2%), negative in 164(50.8%), and insufficient material in 12(3.8%). Malignant lesions consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma, 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 18 cases of small cell carcinoma. They were verified by histologic examination in 70 cases. There were 2(0.6%) false positive cases due to florid bronchoalveolar hyperplasia and atypical bronchial epithelial cells associated with granulomatous lesion. The overall accuracy rate was 90%, the sensitivity 84.3% and the specificity 94.7%.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Leiomyoma of the rectum is a rare tumor and it usually present in 40 to 60 year-old individuals, and it is more frequent in men. It originates from either the muscularis mucosa or muscularis externa and those arising from the muscularis mucosa are typically small and they are identified incidentally in patients who are undergoing sigmoidoscopy. In contrast, the larger leiomyomas arising from the muscularis externa generally present symptoms that are consistent with rectal stenosis or a rectal mass. Endoscopic ultrasonography can help to define the tumor location, extension and size. Surgical resection is the treatment for most leiomyomas of the rectum, but endoscopic electroexcision is a safe and appropriate treatment for small polypoid rectal leiomyoma. We report here on a case of a semipedunculated rectal leiomyoma in a 59 year-old female patient. It was found incidentally during a colonoscopic examination and it was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography. We performed endoscopic mucosal resection with colonoscopic snare electrocoagulation.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Electrocoagulation ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectum ; Sigmoidoscopy ; SNARE Proteins

A 70-year-old man with a long history of diabetes mellitus presented to our hospital (Department of Ophthalmology, Sahm Yook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea) complaining of severe ocular pain and visual disturbance in his left eye that had started three days prior to admission. A round 3.7 x 5.0 mm dense central stromal infiltrate with an overlying epithelial defect was noted on slit-lamp examination. Following corneal scrapings and culture, topical 0.5% moxifloxacin and 0.5% tobramycin were administered hourly. A few days later, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in a bacterial culture from a corneal specimen. According to the results of susceptibility tests, topical 0.5% moxifloxacin was given every hour and 0.5% tobramycin was stopped. The patient's clinical features improved steadily with treatment. The corneal epithelium healed rapidly, and the infiltrate resolved within four weeks of the initiation of treatment. The patient's best corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion to 20 / 25.
Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage ; Aza Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Cornea/*microbiology/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Humans ; Keratitis/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Quinolines/*administration & dosage ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/*isolation & purification ; Visual Acuity

A 70-year-old man with a long history of diabetes mellitus presented to our hospital (Department of Ophthalmology, Sahm Yook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea) complaining of severe ocular pain and visual disturbance in his left eye that had started three days prior to admission. A round 3.7 x 5.0 mm dense central stromal infiltrate with an overlying epithelial defect was noted on slit-lamp examination. Following corneal scrapings and culture, topical 0.5% moxifloxacin and 0.5% tobramycin were administered hourly. A few days later, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in a bacterial culture from a corneal specimen. According to the results of susceptibility tests, topical 0.5% moxifloxacin was given every hour and 0.5% tobramycin was stopped. The patient's clinical features improved steadily with treatment. The corneal epithelium healed rapidly, and the infiltrate resolved within four weeks of the initiation of treatment. The patient's best corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion to 20 / 25.
Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage ; Aza Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Cornea/*microbiology/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Humans ; Keratitis/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Quinolines/*administration & dosage ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/*isolation & purification ; Visual Acuity

Primary malignant melanoma of the anorectum is rare, representing about 1% of all colorectal carcinoma and less than 1% of all melanomas. The most common symptom of malignant melanoma of the anorectum is anal bleeding and this is often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids. A 72-year-old female patient was admitted due to intermittent anal bleeding for 6 months. Colonoscopic examination showed a large exophytic mass with an irregularly ulcerated and greenish-brown pigmentation on the anus and the examination also simultaneously showed a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the rectum that was located 5 cm from the anal verge. Light microscopy of the tumor revealed malignant melanocytes and the tumor cells reacted positively for immunohistochemical staining with S-100 protein and HMB-45. Distant metastasis to the brain was detected on brain MRI.
Aged ; Anal Canal ; Brain ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Light ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Microscopy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pigmentation ; Rectum ; S100 Proteins ; Ulcer

Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Cambium ; Chondrocytes ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Mucous Membrane ; Osteoblasts ; Osteosarcoma ; Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical

Although the head and neck region is recognized as the most common location for peripheral nerve sheath tumors, central involvement, particularly in the jaw bones, is quite unusual. Neurofibroma is one of the most common nerve sheath tumors occurring in the soft tissue and generally appears in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1 or von Recklinghausen's disease). Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon sarcomas that almost always arise in the soft tissue. Here, we report four cases of intraosseous peripheral nerve sheath tumors occurring in the jaw bones and compare the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in order to make a differential diagnosis.
X-Rays ; Sarcoma/*diagnosis ; Neurofibromatoses/pathology ; Neurofibroma/*pathology ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Male ; Jaw/*radiography ; Humans ; Female ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Child ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Adult ; Adolescent

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are regarded as members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily with characteristic features in their amino acid sequences. A number of studies have demonstrated the biologic activities of BMPs, which include the induction of cartilage and bone formation. Recently there was a attempt to overcome a limitation of mass production, and economical efficieny of rh-BMPs. The method producing PTD by using bacteria have advantages of acquiry a mass of proteins. Hences, a new treatment which deliver protein employed by protein transduction domain(PTD) has been tried. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effect of TATBMP-2 and TAT-HA2-BMP-2 employed by PTD from HIV-1 TAT protein for protein translocation in the rat calvarial model. An 8mm calvarial, critical size osteotomy defect was created in each of 32 male Spraque-Dawley rats(weight 250~300g). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 32 animals each (4 animals/group/healing interval). The defect was treated with TATBMP-2/ACS(Absorbable collagen sponge) (TATBMP-2 0.1mg/ml), TAT-HA2-BMP-2/ACS(TAT-HA2-BMP-2 0.1mg/ml), ACS alone or left untreated for surgical control(negative control). The rats were sacrificed at 2 or 8 weeks postsurgery, and the results were evaluated histologically. The results were as follows: New bone formation were not significantly greater in the TATBMP-2/ACS group relative to negative, and positive control groups. New bone was evident at the defect sites in TAT-HA2-BMP-2/ACS group relative to negative, positive control and TATBMP-2 groups. There were a little bone regeneration in TATBMP-2 groups. While, enhanced local bone formation were observed in TAT-HA2-BMP-2 group. But, The results was not the same in all rat defects. Therefore, further investigations are required to develop a method, which disperse homogenously, and adhere to target cells.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Regeneration ; Cartilage ; Collagen ; Gene Products, tat ; HIV-1 ; Humans* ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy ; Protein Transport ; Rats

Postirradiation extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas are uncommon in the head and neck, despite the extensive use of high-dose radiation. It has been described as de novo radiation-induced neoplasm. We present a 73-year-old male who had been treated by radiotherapy for gingival cancer 7 years earlier and later developed extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas (EOSs) of the neck. Microscopically, the neck mass was composed with mesenchymal malignant cells with cartilaginous and osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemical stain demonstrated strong positivity of tumor cells for Snail, the one of major epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer. The E-cadherin expression was scarce, showing inverse relationship to Snail expression. Compared with previous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gingiva, the present EOS sample revealed the remained epithelial cells on cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, suggesting the tumor arise from the cells of epithelial origin. We have also reviewed the previous 6 cases of head and neck EOSs carefully. The clinicopathologic features of the unusual lesion suggest that it is an incomplete EMT of precedent epithelial malignancy rather than de novo pathology.
Aged ; Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Composite Resins ; Durapatite ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gingiva ; Head ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Male ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neck ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; Osteosarcoma ; Snails