No Abstract Available.
Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relation between recovery of visual function and microperimetric fixation area in eyes with idiophthic macular hole after vitrectomy. METHODS: We used SLO (Scanning laser microscope, Rodenstock, Germany) microperimetry to examine foveal retinal function and fixation area in 14 eyes with idiopathic macular hole following pars plana vitrectomy. The relation between those preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity and fixation area was studied. RESULTS: The macular hole size was correlated with preoperative visual acuity (p=0.026) and the closure of hole was related to the size of fixation area (p=0.003). The postoperative visual acuity was related to symptom duration before the vitrectomy (p=0.03), but not related to preoperative macular hole size. The fixation area correlated with the postoperative best corected visual acuity (p=0.043) and the direction of movement was variable. In most eyes, fixation area was located above the horizontal meridian. CONCLUSIONS: The fixation area was correlated with postoperative visual acuity and we think functional macular hole closure as well as anatomical closure were useful parameter of the success of macular hole surgery.
Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a main cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. There have been many studies about the inhibition of proliferative vitreoretinophthy with several drugs. Authors investigated the inhibitory effect of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal toxicity with various concentration of daunorubicin after intravitreal injection into the eyes of the pigmented rabbit. 7 pigment rabbit (11eyes) were used as subjects. After lensectomy and vitrectomy, control group was injected dermal fibroblast and F-BSS, and treatment group was injected dermal fibroblast and 5, 10, 15, 30 nmol Daunorubicin. At two weeks after intravitreal injection, both group were enucleated and examined with gross finding, light--microscopy, and electronmicroscopy. In all control group, proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found, but only preretinal membrane formation was found in 5, 10 nmol Daunorubicin injected group. In 15 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retina structure was preserved normally. In 30 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retinal outer segment was degenerated in microscopic finding. These results show that Daunorubicin has a potent effect on proliferative vitreoretinopathy, especially in 15 nmol, but retinal toxicity is suspected in marethan 30 nmol.
Daunorubicin* ; Fibroblasts ; Intravitreal Injections ; Membranes ; Retina ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in concentration of 0.53% betamethasone in aqueour humor after betamethasone subconjunctival injection on upper and lower fornix after cataract extraction. A total of 8 rabbits were used. Cataract extractions were performed with the cryoprobe. After 6 hours, 0.53% betamethasone was subconjunctivally in upper fornix of the left eye and injected in lower fornix of the right eye. The control group of 3 rabbits underwent with the same procedures but the without lens delivery. the concentration of 0.53% betamethasone in aqueous humor was measured with HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatograph) after fine needle aspiration of aqueous humor. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In 5 eyes of the control group in 3 rabbits, 0.53%betamethasone was injected subconjunctivally on the lower fornix. The mean concentration of 0.53% betamethasone in aqueous humor was 0.544 +/- 0.0818 microgram/ml. 2. After 0.53% betamethasone subconjunctival injection on upper fornix after lens extraction, the mean concentration of 0.53% betamethasone in aqueous humor was 0.318 +/- 0.0117 microgram/ml. 3. After 0.53% betamethasone subconjunctival injection on lower fornix agter lens extraction, the mean concentration of 0.53%betamethasone in aqueous humor was 0.702 +/- 0.0332 microgram/ml. 4. The mean concentration of the betamethasone in aqueous humor after 0.53% betamethasone subconjunctival injection on lower fornix after lens extraction was significantly higher than on upper fornix(p<0.05).
Aqueous Humor* ; Betamethasone* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cataract Extraction ; Rabbits

The authors investigated the possibility of transplantion of cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell to normal pigmented rabbit retina. Focal retinal detachment was made in the pigment rabbit retina, and the cultured RPE cells were injected into subretinal space. The neural retina spontaneously rettached withim 6 days. At 4 weeks after tranplantation, eyes were enucleated and examined with light-microscopy and electron-microscopy. The transplanted RPE cells were proliferated with multilayer in electronmicroscopic finding, and the tight-junction was found between proliferative RPE cells. The outer segment and nucleus of photoreceptor cell were well preserved in microscopic finding. As a result, the cultured RPE cells can be sucessfully transplanted to normal pigmented rabbit retina, and photoreceptor cell was not changed after transplantation.
Epithelial Cells ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde*

Electrical conductivity of eyeball replaced with vitreous substitutes were also measured in both the non-enucleated and enucleated eye. The study of correlation between the electroretinogram and conductivity of eyeball to be replaced with vitreous substitutes was also evaluated. The electrical conductivity of each vitreous replacement was shown 74.5% in vitreous, 77.5% in saline, 100% in air and silicone oil respectively relative to standard material -1.5 battery, 100%. There was no difference of conductivity between the enucleated eye and non-enucleated eye. There were no correlation between the ERG amplitude and conductivity. As a result of experiments, the decrease in amplitude is suggested as a damage of retina by manipulation and surgery rather than decrease of conductivity with vitreous replacements.
Electric Conductivity* ; Rabbits* ; Retina ; Silicone Oils

Solitary choroidal tuberculoma is a rare ocular tuberculosis, a form of secondary infection derived through the blood-stream from some focus of infection elsewhere in the body, characterized by gradual growing until it resembles a tumor projecting into the cavity of eye. Authors experienced a case of a solitary choroidal tuberculoma. A brief review of literature is described.
Choroid* ; Coinfection ; Tuberculoma* ; Tuberculosis, Ocular

Bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare, but devastating complication of septicemia.It has occurred in the process of systemic infection and its underlying conditions are Diabetes Mellitus, advanced liver disease and immunosuppressive state or drug abuse. Klebsiella endogenous endophthalmitis is especially rapidly progressive and visual outcome is typically poor. To evaluate the clinical aspect of this disease, particularly predisposing factors, causative microorganism, outcome of therapeutic modality and initial time of therapy, we performed a retrospective study on 9 eyes of 9 patients who had been treated with this diagnosis from September 1988 to January 1999 at Kyung-Hee Medical Center. Mean time between the onset of disease and the initiation of therapy was 4.33 days. Underlying systemic diasease consist of Daibetes Mellitus, advanced liver disease and chronic renal failure [5 patients:DM with advanced liver disease, 3 patients:DM alone, 1 patient:DM with CRF].The visual outcome was poor but it turned out better in two patients compared with initial visual acuity, no change in one patient and worse in six patients. We found that Diabetes Mellitus and advanced liver disease were leading underlying predisposing factors of Klebsiella Pneumoniae and visual outcome was poor despite the various intensive treatments.High index of suspicion and aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach might improve visual outcome.
Causality ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Klebsiella ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Liver Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The authors sought to determine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in a model of ischemic injury in rabbit retina. METHODS: Ischemia was induced by high intraocualr pressure. A dose of 100 microgram of melatonin or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) alone was injected intravitreally just after the induction of ischemia. After 7 and 14 days, the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on ischemic retina was examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The authors found reduction of cytoplasm of retinal ganglion cell(RGC), vacuole formation, chromatin condensation and rupture of nuclear membrane in ischemia-injured eyes treated with DMSO alone. But in melatonin treated eyes, we found that RGC layer's thickness and number of RGC reduced and destruction of cytoplasmic organells and nuclear damage were minimal. The partial recovery of wave is noted in melatonin-treated eyes after ischemia induction. CONCLUSIONS: The melatonin(100 microgram) protected the rabbit retina from high intraocular pressure-induced ischemic injury when administered intravitreally. Melatonin may be useful to decrease neuronal damage in the retina as a result of ischemic injury. But further investigations are neccesary to decide effective concentration, route and time of administration.
Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ischemia* ; Melatonin* ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Vacuoles

The various method have been used in reconstruction of the anophthalmic socket. Dermis-fat graft as an orbital implant is a relatively new approach. Dermis-fat graft restores the volume lost by enucleation, gives additional conjunctival lining and is permanent, with a minimal chance of absorption. Dermis-fat graft was used in reconstruction of an ophthalmic socket in our hospital. We found it successful procedure in case of primary enucleation, because it is permanent and it preserves the conjunctiva.
Absorption ; Conjunctiva ; Orbital Implants ; Transplants*