This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal contents and their correlations between paddy soil and brown rice near the Kum-River area. In this study, eighty soil samples and forty brown rice samples were taken from the paddy soil. The contents of heavy metals were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. The average contents of soluble heavy metals in surface soil were Cd 0.19, Cu 15.31, Zn 18.10 and Pb 9.08 ppm. The average contents of soluble heavy metals in subsurface soil were Cd 0.19, Cu 14.52, Zn 17.75 and Pb8.11 ppm. There wan no statistically significant difference between the two layers. 2. The contents of Cu, Zn and Pb of Taejeon(S6) and Cd of Sinbyung(S5) in surface soil were higher than those of other areas. The contents of Cd and Cu of Taejeon(S6) and Zn and Pb of Kumnam(S3) in brown rice were higher than those of other areas and four heavy metals in soil and brown rice of Simchon(S7) were lower than those of other areas. 3. The ratio of soluble contents(Cd : Cu : Zn : Pb) in surface soil was 1 : 79 : 93 : 47, that of soluble contents in subsurface soil was 1 : 79 : 94 : 43, and that of total contents in brown rice was 1 : 84 : 294 : 12. 4. The correlations of the content between soluble heavy metals in surface(0-15 cm depth) soil total heavy metals in brown rice was found to be order of Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb. The correlations of the content between soluble heavy metals in subsurface(20-30 cm depth) soil and total heavy metals in brown rice was found to be order of Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb.
Metals, Heavy ; Rivers* ; Soil* ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

The operative treatment of orbital blowout fracture involves restoration of intra-orbital soft tissue and bony structural integrity. In extensive blowout fracture, postoperative edema and subsequent increase of intraoribital pressure may sometimes lead to displace the implant. To prevent postperative displacement of the implant, we tried reinforcing the implant using a buttress consisting of micro-titanium mesh and titanium mesh in 13 cases of extensive orbital blowout fracture, including medical wall fracture (6), inferior wall fracture (5) and inferomedial wall fracture (2). A small thin titanium buttress was inserted beneath the implant at the point where intraorbital pressure was involved maximally. It was usually placed superoinferiorly in a medial wall fracture wall fracture, mediplaterally along th posterior ridge of bony defect in an inferior wall fracture, and anteroposteriorly in an inferomedial wall fracture. No evidence of implant displacement after operation was noted in any cases and this was confirmed by postoperative computed tomographic scan. Also, any complication by a titanium buttress did not occur. Orbital implant reinforcement using a titanium buttress may be an available technique for preventing implant displacement in reconstruction of extensive orbital blowout frature.
Edema ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants ; Titanium*

No Abstract Available.
Pterygium*

PURPOSES: This study examined the relationship between risk behaviors and sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual experiences of male high school students. METHOD: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from 2 male high schools in metropolitan Gwangju. Five hundred forty-eight boys were enrolled in this study. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean sexual knowledge and sexual experience scores were relatively low, 0.60 out of 1 point, and 0.75 out of 4 points, respectively. Three attitude types of the students were identified: permissible, conservative and pleasure seeking attitude. The score of the permissible type was affected by the subjects' exposure to pornographic material. The score of the conservative type was affected by alcohol consumption and acquaintances with a heterosexual friend. The score of the pleasure seeking type was affected by their exposure to pornographic material, alcohol consumption, smoking, going to a video-room, and acquaintances with a heterosexual friend. There was a negative correlation between the permissible type and sexual knowledge, and a positive correlation between the conservative and pleasure seeking types and sexual experience. CONCLUSION: Male high school students who have been exposed to risk behaviors have a higher likelihood of indulging in sexual activity, and the pleasure seeking type appears to be related to sexual experience. An educational program may be needed to prevent risky behaviors and sexual experiences in male high school students considering their sexual attitude type.
Alcohol Drinking ; Friends ; Gwangju ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male* ; Pleasure ; Risk-Taking* ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with the use of neuroleptic agents. We describe the case of a 47-year-old schizophrenic woman who was treated with clozapine for years. The patient developed acute renal failure with pulmonary edema, and underwent mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rhabdomyolysis

Syringomyelia was described by Etienne et al in 1954 and was named by Ollivier in 1827 by reason of the pathologic cavitation of cord. Also it is considered a very chronic and irregulary progressive disease of the spinal cord of unknown cause which has predilection for the cervical and lumbar enlargements. The patient of 19 years old male had been suffered from the painless, severe swelling and instability of right elbow after trauma on right elbow, aud had complained of the sensory and temperature dissociation, muscle weakness with clawing hand in right upper extremity and scoliosis of mild degree. These symptoms and findings were same as those of the classic syringomyelia. Therefore the syningomyelia which is relatively rare in incidence will be reviewed by this report with the references.
Animals ; Elbow ; Hand ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Muscle Weakness ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Cord ; Syringomyelia ; Upper Extremity

One of the purposes of this experiment is to observe the structure of crystalline lens with cataract, which is formed artificially, using the light microscope and electron microscope. The other is to observe the differences of structural variations in the cataract developed inside body. Twelve eyes of six pigs were used for this experiment. Two of them are normal crystalline lens, five are cystalline lens in distilled water, and the rest are in balanced salt solution through intact or ruptured capsule. We examined the time of cataract formation and compared the ultrastructural changes. Ruptured capsule and high osmotic pressure difference induced more rapid opacity. In case of distilled water, the capsule is maintained but it is very difficult to distinguish between epithelium and lens fibers. Also, there is a severe crack in the lens fibers. In electron microscopic, as the cataract progresses, the osmotic swelling becomes more prominent. One of the striking changes was a marked intercellular cyst formation. Lens cells became irregular in size and density and were extensively vacuolated. The swelling of the lens cells continuously induced large intracellular vacuoles and liquefied the cytoplasmic protein. In conclusion, the structural change of cataract, which was seen by an electron microscope, resulted from change in osmolarity from previously announced in vivo experiment and structural change resulted from this experiment are similar.
Cataract* ; Crystallins* ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium ; Lens, Crystalline* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osmotic Pressure ; Strikes, Employee ; Swine ; Vacuoles ; Water

No abstract available.
Vulva* ; Vulvar Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Vulva* ; Vulvar Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to compare nosocomial infection rates between intensive care units of military and civilian hospitals. METHODS: From July to December 2000, we surveyed the intensive care unit of Armed Forces Capital Hospital (AFCH). We compared device use ratios and device-day infection rates with those of Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control (KOSNIC) and National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. RESULTS: During the period of study, 185 cases were admitted and 24 nosocomial infections were detected: 7 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract, 3 blood stream, 3 cardiovascular system, 3 surgical site infections, 1 skin and soft tissue, and 1 central nervous system infection. Ventilator, urinary catheter and central venous catheter use ratios were 0.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.16), 0.58 (0.56-0.60) and 0.33 (0.31-0.35). The ratios of NNIS were 0.41, 0.67 and 0.50. Ventilator-, urinary catheter- and central venous catheter-day infection rates were 18.69(11.36-53.32), 6.65 (3.36-14.20) and 1.95 (1.44-9.92). However, the rates of KOSNIC were 9.93, 5.29 and 3.62. The rates of NNIS were 11.24, 6.14 and 5.55. CONCLUSIONS: In AFCH ventilators were used less frequently than NNIS, but more ventilator-associated pneumonia were developed than KOSNIC and NNIS.
Arm ; Cardiovascular System ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Central Venous Catheters ; Cross Infection* ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Military Personnel* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Rivers ; Skin ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract ; Ventilators, Mechanical