BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus*

No abstract available.
Fetal Weight* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition* ; Weight Gain*

An 84-year-old woman had an ovoid shallow ulcer with an elevated, indurated, pigmented border on the left cheek. Histological examination revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and a solar keratosis with abundant melanocytes and melanin pigment. Ultrastructurally, the keratinocytes contained numerous melanosomes in their cytoplasms and the melanocytes in the squamous cell carcinoma and the solar keratosis had mature melanosomes.
Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cheek ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells* ; Female ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Keratosis ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanosomes ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Joints* ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular*

Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema are uncommon in pediatric practice, but they may be rarely ocured in association with respiratory distress and excessive ressusciation in the neonatal period, and as a complication of bronchial asthma, measles in childhood. And also, there was a report of a few cases that developed to pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema caused by vomiting in patient of diabetic coma. It is rare so far in this country that above events are complicated by miliary tuberculosis, but they may lead the patient to fatal and lifethreatening conditions, even though we perform a considerable medical treatment for that. We presnted 3 cases of 6 month 20 days old female infant, and each 10 year and 11 year old boys, developed to pneumomediastinu, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, and suddenly expired during hospital treatment of miliary tuberculosis. And, we reviewed the literatures, too.
Asthma ; Child ; Diabetic Coma ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Measles ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Pneumothorax* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Vomiting

Protein, and essential nutrient for the growth of children, is the chief nitrogenous substant in the serum of humans. For the purpose of establishment of the normal data for evaluation of nitrogen balance, we examined the serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and serum amylase activity as well as that of protein in 560 normal school children. The results are as follows; 1. The serum level of protein is 6.1+/-0.75mg%, albumin; 3.9+/-0.57gm%, globulin ; 2.2 +/- 0.77gm%, urea nitrogen ; 14+/-3.8mg%, creatinine; 0.5+/-0.20mg%, uric acid; 3.9+/-0.91mg%, and the serum amylase activity is 127+/-41.4% units/dl. And the reference rnage of the above data is 4.6~7.6gm%, 3.3~4.4mg%, 1.5~3.0gm%, 7~22 mg%, 0.3~0.7mg%, 2.1~5.7mg% and 45~210 units/dl, respectively. 2. There is evidence of age relationship in the serum level of urea nitrogen which tends to increase with age. 3. We observed sex differences in the serum levels of total protein and albumin examined and those of urea nitrogen and creatinine examined, female was predominant in the former and male in the latter.
Amylases* ; Child* ; Creatinine* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitrogen* ; Sex Characteristics ; Urea* ; Uric Acid*

A clinical study was done on 199 cases of Acute Glomerulonehritis, who had been admitted to the department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital during the five years period from January 1976 to December 1980. The following results were obtained. 1) Males were affected more frequently than females by a 2:1 ratio, and the highest incidence was noted in children between 4 and 6 years of age, with a seasonal peak in Autumn and Winter. 2) The 57.8% of the total patients had history of preceding infections. The upper respiratory tract infection was most common, which was 51.3% of the total patients, and the skin infection was identified in 4.0% of the total patients. 3) The most common chief complaint was edema. Blood pressure of greater than 90mmHg in diastolic pressure was noted in approximately half of the patients. 4) Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly in21.9%, pulmonary edema in 12.8%, and pleural effusion in 9.1%. 5) The percentage of positive beta-hemolytic streptococcal culture was 12.3%, and Anti-Streptolysin O titer of greater than 333 Todd units was noted in 64.5%. 6) The mean value of serum C3 concentrationin the Acute Glomerulonephritis Group as a whole was lower than that of the Control Group and the difference was statistically significant(p<.001). 7) Gross hematuria and edema disappeared in most of the patients within 2 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, and the elevated blood pressure returned to normal within 2 weeks after admission. 8) Microscopic hematuria and proteinuria disappeared in most of the patients within 3 months after admission.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiomegaly ; Child* ; Edema ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Pleural Effusion ; Proteinuria ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons ; Skin ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To evaluate the merit of umbilical artery Doppler study as a predictive marker of perinatal outcome in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 218 patients at 27 - 36 weeks of gestational age (GA) who received antenatal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry and delivered singleton infants with SGA. The ratio of peak-systolic to end-diastolic blood flow velocities (S/D) in the umbilical artery was measured in each patient. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the normal group with S/D ratios of less than 95th percentile (n = 134), elevated S/D ratio group of 95th or more percentile (n = 41), and those with absent/reversed end diastolic flow (n = 43). Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes of these groups were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: The gestational age (GA) at the time of diagnosis of SGA, the mean GA at delivery, and the mean birth weight showed statistically significant difference among three groups (p < 0.001). Also, poor perinatal outcome was significantly increased in infants with abnormal S/D ratio (13.4% vs. 31.7% vs. 67.4%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed umbilical artery Doppler study as a significant independent factor for prediction of poor perinatal outcome (odds ratio: 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4 - 9.5, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Antenatal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is shown as a significantly efficient marker in predicting perinatal outcome in preterm SGA infants.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Multivariate Analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/*methods ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/*methods ; Umbilical Arteries/*ultrasonography

We experienced a case of cryptococcosis in a 13-year-old female who had been admitted to our hospital because of intermittent high fever and generalized lymphadenopathy accompanied by multiple nodular eruptions with erosions on the face, scalp, neck and back. The patient was treated under the impression of tuberculous lymphadenitis without any improvement. A surgical biopsy of the lymph node and the subcutaneous nodule, which was performed 14 days later, revealed chronic granulomatous tissue and Langhan's type giant cells which contained numerous cryptococci. A brief review of the literature was done.
Adolescent ; Amphotericin B ; Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Flucytosine ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck ; Scalp ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node