A series of experiments was performed to determine the lactic dehydrogenase activity of various parasitic helminths. The enzyme activity was determined by the modified method of Wroblewshi and LaDue (1955) using tissue homogenate of 16 kinds of worm parasites. The worms were mostly collected alive from local abattoir and removed from the organ or tissues of the naturally infected animal host and some materials were also obtained from the human host. They were thoroughly washed and homogenized in chilled glass tissue grinder, and then centrifuged. The supernatants were designated as enzyme preparations, and their enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry at the wave length of 340 millimicron. In order to know the effects of temperature and substrate concentration on the enzyme activity, the extinction of reduced Coenzyme I(NADH) was measured at the various conditions of incubation temperature and substrate concentration. The results of this experiments were as follows: The lactic dehydrogenase activity occurred over all kinds of parasites used in this study. Most worms of nematodes and trematodes displayed their maximum activity in the range of pH 2.7-3.5, and cestodes revealed their maximum activity in the ranges of both pH 2.7-3.5 and pH 7.4. In nematodes and trematodes, the lactic dehydrogenase activity increased slowly as incubation temperature increases except in the case of Eurytrema pancreaticum, while the activity in cestodes decreased inversely. The lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in proportion to the increase of substrate concentration in most of worm parasites.
parasitology-nematode-trematoda-helminth ; lacticdehydrogenase ; nicotinamide dinucloetide ; sodium pyruvate ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Dirofilaria immitis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum sp. ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Taenia saginata ; Taenia solium ; Taenia pisiformis ; Dipylidium caninum ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; sparganum, Cysticercus cellulosae ; Cysticercus fasciolaris ; biochemistry- enzyme

Out of 3288 patients admitted National Leprosy Center in Sorok-do, could be selected 120 patients confirmed to have one or more plantar ulcers, whose frequency and localization form the basis of this clinical observation. 1. Of 120 patients, 32 had ulcers bilaterally, so that total 196 ulcers in 152 feet were subjected to study. 2. Male patients were approximately three times more frequent than female. Age range showed that 76(63.3%) of 120 patients were in their six and seven decade, and only three cases were under the third Decade. 3. The base of first metatarsal was the site with highest incidence of ulcer (28.6%), and the bases of all metarsals occupied 57.7% of all ulcers. The medial plantar and the heel were low in incidence. 4, Transverse division of the plantar surface revealed that ulcers were located predominantly in the forefoot part (64.8%), showing gradual decrease in the midfoot (27%) and the hindfoot region (8.2%) 5. Longitudinal section of the plantar surface into three compartments showed almost even distribution of ulcers, though the central ray showed slightly lower incidence than those of the medial and lateral ray. 6. Dynamic pressure triangle was found to be the site of preference, in which 100 ulcers(59%) of all was observed. 7. Non-lepromatous patients showed the higher rate of occurrence, in that they occupied 21.3% of all the patients, while 30.8% of 120 ulcer-patients were non-lepromatous type. 8. Of total 196 ulcers, those with history of more than ten years were 117(59.7%), and 18 of them had the history of more than 30 years.
Female ; Foot ; Foot Ulcer ; Heel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leprosy ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Ulcer

Arthroscopy has now become a valuable method for the diagnosis and treatment of the internal derangement of the knee. Based on the experiences gained during the past three years, in which 93 knees with posttraumatic disorders were observed arthroscopically, several uncommon and interesting findings were encountered. Such illustrative findings have been summarized here. I. Injury at the parameniscal portion is readily overlooked and especially the middle and posterior one-thirds are inaccessible. A wavy undulation of the concave margin of the meniscus, when abnormally exaggera;ed by tibial rotation, possibly suggests the presence of this type of injury. 2. The discoid cartilage and the bucket-handle tear of meniscus occasionally show similar pattern arthroscopically. 3. The plica of the knee can sometimes be a cause of knee disorders. Any internal derangement, which tends to be localized around the patella, warrants close scrutiny for its presence. 4. A large foreign body within a knee joint could easily be removed by virtue of direct arthroscopic visualization.
Arthroscopy ; Cartilage ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Methods ; Patella ; Tears ; Virtues

We investigated the biochemiesl change of keratin by the methods of SDS-PAGE and Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and observed electron microscopic ultrestructural changes in five Unna-Thost palmoplantar keratoderma patients and two normal adults. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The increased bands of 51 kd and newly appearing 48 kd, 56 kd keratins were observed on the SDS-PAGE and compared to the normsl control. 2. The newly appearing 48 kd(acidic) paired with 56 kd(basic) keratins and 51 kd keratin and the disappearance of 59 kd(basic), 64 kd(basic) keratins were observed on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared to the normal control. 3. The variable sized, numerous, globular, irregularly beam-shaped and granular kerstohyaline granules were scattered in the granular cell and corneocyte. Numerous ribosomes were noted between the clumped tonofibrils and around the keratohyaline granules. The lipid droplets were seen in the corneocytes and granular cells on the electron microscope.
Adult ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar* ; Ribosomes

Secondary ischemic necrosis of femoral head due to loss of blood supply following to femoral neck fracture is well known. The regional distribution of bone.seeking radiopharmaceuricals in the skeleton can depend on a number of facto rs, but bone blood flow is a major physiological determinant of regional skeletal uptake of Tc-99m polyphosphate and bone imaging may thus be used for the evaluation of vascularity of the femoral head. The authors made a comparative study of scintigraphic findings and operative findings of 28 cases of femoral neck fracture treated at Kyung Hee University Hospital from April ′80 to May ′84. The results were as follows: 1. In 16 cases of proven avscular necrosis of femoral head, scintigraphy showed absent or decreased activity in 14 cases (87.5%), while radiography showed increased density in 10 cases (62.5%). 2. In 12 cases of proven vital femoral head, scintigraphy showed increased activity in 9 cases (75%) and radiography showed decreased density in 9 cases (75%). 3. 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy was an excellent and useful method for assessing bone vitality of femoral head.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Head Necrosis ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Skeleton ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

Radioactive (14)C-glucose(U) was given to Clonorchis sinensis in Tris buffer medium, in corder to trace the metabolic fate of the labelled carbon. The labelled carbon from glucose enters into intermediary metabolites and end products of anaeroblic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and of aerobic Krebs cycle. These product were identified by one or two-dimensional paper chromatography in combination with autoradoigraphy. The labelled metabolites detected in this experiment corresponded to pyruvic acid, latic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid. Amino acids, such as alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, theronine, and serine, derived by the degradation of (14)C- glycose were also found. Labelled compounds behaving like alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were observed in the chroma to gram of incubation medium. The preciptation which suggests a positive reaction for protein occured when absolute ethanol was added to the incubation medium.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; two-dimensional paper chromatography ; autoradiography ; metabolism ; glucose

In order to understand the tissue responses of albino rat host against Paragonimus iloktsuenensis infection, the histopathological changes of the spleen and the lungs in 6 experimental groups of rats were observed in relation with the growth, maturation and migration of this lung fluke. Rats of the experimental groups, each group consisted of 5 rats, were infected with the metacercariae of P. iloktsuenensis which were isolated from brackish water crab, Sesarma dehaani, and were kept for 3 days, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 7 weeks, 10 weeks and 14 weeks of infection period. Peripheral blood smear slides for the differential leukocyte count were prepared and also worm collection was completed immediately after the infection period. Paraffin sections of the spleen and the lung tissue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and methyl-green-pyronin (MGP) stain. Those materials from the experimental groups were examined in comparison with the materials obtained from control group, with special reference to immunologic aspects of host response. The results obtained were as follows: The counts of large pyroninophilic cell (LPC) in the periarterial sheath of spleen were rapidly increased in earlier period of infection, and those of peribronchial lymphatic tissue started to increase after the penetration of lungfluke into the lungs. The LPC counts of both the spleen and the lungs were on the decrease in conjunction with the necrosis of the lung fluke in 14th week of infection. On observing differential leukocyte count of peripheral blood smear, the fluctuation of lymphocyte count was proportional to that of LPC count, and the lymphocyte count was consistently higher than that of normal rats. On the other hand, neutrophil count of experimental group showed reciprocal relation to the LPC counts. The nature and characteristics of pulmonary lesion produced by the P. iloktsuenensis were just the same as those produced by P. westermani. The lesions were represented by thick and fibrosclerotic cavern, granuloma due to eggs, pneumonic process and cellular infiltrations.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus iloktsuenensis ; histology ; pathology ; lung ; spleen ; granuloma ; pneumonia ; hematoxylin-eosin ; methyl-green-pyronin

In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Korean strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, an experimental inoculation of T. vaginalis into mouse peritoneal cavity was performed. Fifteen strains of T. vaginalis were selected from 53 infected cases and were cultured axenically in Roiron-Rattner medium at 37C for 48 hours. Each strain, at the dose of 0.5 ml of 1x10(6)/ml trichomonads, was inoculated intraperitoneally to a group of 10 mice, respectively. A total of 15 groups, consisted of 150 mice, were sacrificed on the 8th day of inoculation, and then they were thoroughly examined for the detection of the lesion. The results obtained in present study were summarized as follows: Prior to inoculation, the positive rates in 2 kinds of media cultivating T. vaginalis were compared. In Johnson's CPLM medium, 65 percent of positive rate was obtained, and 94.2 percent of positive rate, the better result, was shown in the culture of Roiron-Rattner medium. Overall death rate of 150 inoculated mice was 7.3 percent (range 0-40 percent), and 7 strains (46.7 percent) out of 15 inoculated strains were proved as fatal strain. The intraperitoneal lesions produced by the inoculation of T. vaginalis were observed in the liver (20 percent), intestinal wall and mesentery (14 percent), peritoneal wall (9.3 percent), wall of the stomach (6.0 percent), and the spleen (5.3 percent) of 150 inoculated mice. Occasionally, the lesions were also found in the pancreas and wall of the urinary bladder. In 11.3 percent of inoculated mice, purulent ascites with living trichomonads could be seen. Thirteen strains (86.7 percent) out of the 15 inoculated strains produced the T. vaginalis-associated pathological lesions. On the histopathological investigation of those lesions, intraperitoneal inoculation was characterzed by a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, i.e., acutely necrotizing process with areas of encircling granuloma formation. Numerous free lying trichomonads were seen along the expanding margin of the lesion. Where there were free trichomonads, the reaction was usually of necrotizing. And these organisms directly eroded the vascular wall and often provoked thrombosis. From the above findings, it is considered that the Korean strains of T. vaginalis are highly pathogenic.
parasitology-protozoa-Trichomonas vaginalis ; pathogenesis ; mouse ; granuloma ; necrosis ; Roiron-Rattner medium ; Johnson's CPLM medium

Present trial was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of oxantel/pyrantel tablets against intestinal nematode infections, and to determine the efficacy of oxantel tablels against Trichuris infection. A total of 34 subjects with the mixed infections were treated with oxantel/pyrantel tablets (100 mg/tablet each) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, and another group of 22 Trichuris infected cases received oxantel pamoate tablets (125 mg/tablet) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg. All stool examinations were done before the treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. The cellophane thick smear (Kato's technique) and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed. The results of the trial were summarized as follows: The cure rates (egg negative conversion rates) and egg reduction rates for oxantel/pyrantel tablets were 85.3 percent and 97 percent in trichuriasis, 100 percent each in ascariasis and ancylostomiasis. The oxantel tablet treated group demonstrated a cure rate of 90.9 percent and an egg reduction rate of 96.3 percent in the treatment of Trichuris. There were no detectable objective and subjective side effects in this trial. Both oxantel/pyrantel and oxantel pamoate tablets were readily accepted and well tolerated.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Enterobius vermicularis ; Ancylostoma duodenale ; Trichuris trichiura ; chemotherapy-oxantel/pyrante ; oxantel pamoate

The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipids in the adult worms of Chinese liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (l957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions of the worm were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of glycerides, cholesterols and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Total amount of glyceride was 37.56 mg per gram of worm tissue and the amount of monoglyceride was 8.34 mg per gm; diglyceride, 15.46 mg per gm; and triglyceride, 12.86 mg per gm. Total amount of cholesterol was 3.30 mg per gm of worm tissue, and the esterified cholesterol (1.72 mg/gm) was a little more than that of free cholesterol (1.26 mg/gm). The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the worm tissue of C. sinensis, i.e., lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, phophatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; biochemistry ; glyceride ; cholesterol ; phospholipid ; lipid ; lysophosphatidylcholine ; phosphatidylcholine ; phophatidylinositol ; sphingomyelin ; phosphatidylglycerol ; phosphatidylserine ; phosphatidylethanolamine