Periodontal ligament cells may have a role in the regulation of hard and soft periodontal tissues, but their specific function has not yet to be determined. To evaluate further their role in periodontal regeneration, they were examined for osteoblast-like behavior. Periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were primarily cultured from extracted premolar with non-periodontal diseases. Cells were cultured with DMEM at 37degrees C, 5% CO2, 100% humidity incubator, and as a measure of cell characterization, it was examined that the morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and immunocytochemistry for osteonectin, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. Healthy periodontal ligament cells has more osteoblastic-like cell property in alkaline phosphatase activity, and collagen synthesis than gingival fibroblast. Immunocytochemistry localization explained that calcitonin were expressed in periodontal ligament cells only, and osteonectin and type I collagen were produced in both cells simultaneously. This results indicate that the growth characteristics of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts exhibit some differences in proliferative rates and biochemical synthesis. The differences may help to calrify the role such cells play in the regenearation of periodontal tissues.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bicuspid ; Calcitonin ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Fibroblasts ; Humans* ; Humidity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incubators ; Osteocalcin ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Population Characteristics* ; Regeneration

The main goal for the treatment of periodontal diseases is the regeneration of lost cementum, bone and connective tissue. Clinical and histological research suggests that it is possible to restore periodontal structures. Seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. has been used for the treatment of bone fracture and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. on mineralization in periodontal ligament cells and osteoblastic cells. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from a extracted premolars with non-periodontal diseases. Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat. Cells were cultured with DMEM at 37degrees C with 5% CO2 in 100% humidity incubator. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) level and the number of calcification nodules were examined and western blot analysis using osteonectin was performed. Measurements of ALP levels and calcification nodules showed that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. had significantly higher activity than control in all of both cells. In western blot analysis, protein expression of osteonectin indicated that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. showed an increased pattern than control in all of both cells. From the above results, it seems that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. has excellent effect on mineralization in periodontal ligament cells and osteoblastic cells.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Blotting, Western ; Carthamus tinctorius* ; Carthamus* ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Cementum ; Fractures, Bone ; Humidity ; Incubators ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteonectin ; Osteoporosis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Skull

Bone remodeling is characterized by the coupling of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. The process is tightly regualted at the local level by an incompletely known netwotk of peptide and non-peptide fators. Nitric oxide(NO), synthesized by nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) from L-arginine, is becoming recognized as an important bioregualtory molecule in a variety of tissue, but little is known about its possible role in periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) in inflamed gingiva and the effects of cytokine on the expression of NOS protein. The expression of NOS in gingival tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for NOS1, NOS2, NOS3. The effect of cytokine on the expression of NOS in human periodontal ligament cells and osteoblast-like HOS cells by western blot analysis. Further, we studied that NO functions in periodontal ligment cells as a regulatory molecule. PDL cells incubated with NOS inhibitor and donor. The protein expression, type I collagen & non-collagenous protein, nitrate production and cell proliferation were evaluated The results were as follows. 1. NOS1, NOS2, NOS3 was rarely distributed in healthy gingiva, but stronger stained in gingival epithelium, endothelial cells, and mononuclear cells of inflammed gingiva. 2. The cytokine stimulated NOS1, and NOS3 protein were not inducing or inhibitory effect to compared with control in PDL and HOS cells. 3.Incubation of cells with combination of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, LPS result in a time dependant increase in NOS2 expression, reaching a maximal level after 24 hours of stimulation. 4. The osteonectin protein inhibitory effect of NMA, inhibitor of NOS, was reversed by Larginine in dose dependant manner. 5. NMA decreased cell proliferation and nitrate production, but the inhibitory efffect of NMA was also prevented by the NO donor, sodium nitropruiside. These results suggest that exogenously synthesized NO was playing a stimulating effect on cell proliferation or on non-collagenous protein expression. Therefore NO have an important role in mediation of localized bone destruction associated inflammatory bone disease such as periodontitis
Arginine ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Diseases ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type I ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Osteogenesis ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament ; Periodontitis ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Sodium ; Tissue Donors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Until recently, thoracic spinal stenosis has been thought to be an uncommon disease because the diagnosis has been obscured by its many different clinical manifestations and also there has been a lack of radiographic sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of the thoracic spine. Fortunately, the significant advancements made in the radiographic evaluation of the thoracic spine has enabled a more accurate diagnosis and thus, there has been an increasing number of reports of thoracic spinal stenosis in the literature. The authors analyzed thirty cases of thoracic spinal stenosis over an 11-year period. These patients comprised 0.33% of all the spinal operations that were performed in our department during the same period. The patients in our series averaged 50.6 years of age(range 21~76) consisting of 2 men and 8 women who had been symptomatic for an average of 21 months. The common presenting symptoms were motor weakness(86.7%), sensory change(86.7%), bladder/bowel dysfunction(76.7%), and pain(70.0%). Diagnosis was made from plain x-rays, myelography, computerized tomography(CT), myelography-CT, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The underlying causes of thoracic spinal stenosis were ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF) (30.0%), hypertrophied facet(20.0%), herniated nucleus pulposus(13.3%), bony spur(10.0%), and mixed lesion(6.8%). Most instances of OLF were ound in the distal thoracic spinal canal and were degenerative in nature. All patients underwent operations and the surgical outcome was excellent in 36.7% and good in 40.0%. The results of our study suggest that the occurrence of thoracic spinal stenosis is more common than is currently recognized in the literature and that early diagnosis and proper surgical management is essential in obtaining a better surgical result.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myelography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine

The form of furcation influence both the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction and therapeutic results. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of root trunk length on clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration. Total 30 mandibular first molars were evaluated in this study. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical defect depth and horizontal defect depth were measured at baseline and 6 month after GTR. Correlation coefficients between root trunk length and other clinical measurement were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows 1. The mean root trunk length in lower 1st molar was 2.15 mm. 2. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical defect depth and horizontal defect depth were significantly reduced at 6 month postoperatively compared to values of baseline 3. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and vertical defect depth at baseline was 0.406 showing the positive correlation 4. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and horizontal defect depth at baseline was -0.463 showing the negative correlation. 5. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and decrease of horizontal defect depth after GTR was 0.654 showing the positive correlation. In conclusion, the root trunk length maybe effector for clinical outcome after guided tissue regeneration.

A 27-year-old woman with a clavicular fracture and post-traumatic hydrocephalus developed a subclavicular pseudomeningocele which was successfully treated by lumboperitoneal shunt. A brief review of the neurosurgical literature on the management of pseudomeningocele is presented.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is the regeneration of periodontal tissues which have been lost due to periodontal disease. Recently, many natural medicines have been studied for their potential of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in periodontal tissues. Safflower seeds have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of fracture and blood stasis in oriental medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the biologic effects of safflower seeds extract on bone formation and regeneration of rat calvarial defects. The calvarial defects were made with 8mm trephine bur and extract of safflower seeds were placed directly at these defects. 24 rats were divided into control and experimental groups, and each group was sacrificed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. To study a histopathology related to bone regeneration, Goldner's Masson Trichrome stain and histomorphologic measuring was done at each weeks. In the early phase of bone healing, less inflammatory infiltration and capillary proliferation was found in experimental group compared to control. Dense bony tissues and matured bone structures in defect areas were found in experimental groups. And area of new bone formation was significantly increased at 8 weeks in experimental group. These results indicate that direct local application of safflower seeds extract reduces the early inflammatory response and promotes the regeneration of new bone in calvarial defects of rats.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Capillaries ; Carthamus tinctorius* ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Rats* ; Regeneration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) consisted of individuals who were not smoking at the initial examination. The average age was 42.4 years for the smoking and non-smoking group. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluation were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increased and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Spirochaetales ; Tobacco Products

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue, there have been many attempts to develop a method to achieve this goal, but none of them was completely successful. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Bio-Oss(R) on alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity in human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB1). The results of this study were as follows, in ALP Activity, 100 microgram/ml Bio-Oss(R) treated group showed significantly increased value than negative control group, but positive group(10(-7) M dexamethasone treated group) showed the highest ALP activity at 3 day. In mineralization assay, numerous mineralized nodules were identified as darkly stained spots in 100 microgram/ml Bio-Oss(R) treated group than two control groups, whereas a small number of mineralized nodules were showed in the positive control. ALP may relate to the initial phase of bone nodule formation. On the basis of these results, this study showed Bio-Oss(R) is capable of accelerating new bone formation through hFOB1 differentiation in vitro.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcification, Physiologic* ; Dexamethasone ; Humans* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration

Healing of periodontal tissues require the migration and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. There is many evidences that the some agents like cytokines and polypeptide growth factors are mediate these cellular events in wound healing. Recently someone is interested in herbal drugs on periodontal tissue healing processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 herbal drugs, Carthami Flis, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Scirpi Rhisoma, Seed of Carthamus tinctorius L. on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were primarily cultured from extracted premolar with non-periodontal diseases. The powder from extracted herbal drugs were prepared with distilled water. Cells were cultured with DMEM at 37degrees C, 5% CO2, 100% humidity incubator, and treated with each herbal drugs with proper concentration for 1, 2, and 3 days. The cell activity was determined by ELISA reader using MTT assay. There was the most significant elevation in 10(-3)g/ml of almost herbal drugs on cellular activities. The result of this study demonstrated that Carthami Flis, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Scirpi Rhisoma, Seed of Carthamus tinctorius L. appears to have beneficial effect on healing process after periodontal treatment.
Bicuspid ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incubators ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Water ; Wound Healing