Infection in primary total hip arthroplasty may cause catastrophic results and is the major reason for implant failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the hip joint fluid culture as a method of predicting the possibility of a hip joint infection by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. We performed 628 primary total hip arthroplasty and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures for hip joint fluid between January 1989 and June 1996. The hip joint fluid culture was routinely performed to evaluate the utility of the femoral head for bone banking. Thirty-two cases out of the 628 hips showed positive intraoperative culture and 596 cases showed negative intraoperative culture. The isolated organisms from 32 positive cultures were 11 for Staphylococcus aureus, eight for Staphylococcus coagulase negative, seven for Enterococcus, three for E.coli and one each for Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Anaerobic culture was negative in all cases. In the positive intraoperative culture cases, none had delayed infection during the follow-up period. But in the negative intraoperative culture cases, one case had acute infection and two cases had delayed infection. In the case with acute infection, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and on two cases with delayed infection, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus coagulase negative were isolated, respectively. All 32 positive culture cases were fa~lse positive and 595 negative culture cases were true negative and one negative culture case was fa~lse negative. The sensitivity of the hip joint culture was 0%, the specificity was 94.9% and the accuracy was 0%. The specificity of hip joint fluid culture in primary total hip arthroplasty was high, hut the sensitivity score was zero. Therefore, the hip joint fluid culture should not be used for a routine check of infection status in primary total hip arthroplasty. We recommend the hip joint fluid culture in revision arthroplasty or hips in which infection is clinically suspected.
Acinetobacter ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Bone Banks ; Coagulase ; Enterobacter ; Enterococcus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip Joint* ; Hip* ; Pseudomonas ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Mesothelioma* ; Pleura*

Since its debut in the biomedical research fields in 1981, zebrafish have been used as a vertebrate model organism in more than 40,000 biomedical research studies. Especially useful are zebrafish lines expressing fluorescent proteins in a molecule, intracellular organelle, cell or tissue specific manner because they allow the visualization and tracking of molecules, intracellular organelles, cells or tissues of interest in real time and in vivo. In this review, we summarize representative transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research on signal transduction, the craniofacial skeletal system, the hematopoietic system, the nervous system, the urogenital system, the digestive system and intracellular organelles.

Since its debut in the biomedical research fields in 1981, zebrafish have been used as a vertebrate model organism in more than 40,000 biomedical research studies. Especially useful are zebrafish lines expressing fluorescent proteins in a molecule, intracellular organelle, cell or tissue specific manner because they allow the visualization and tracking of molecules, intracellular organelles, cells or tissues of interest in real time and in vivo. In this review, we summarize representative transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research on signal transduction, the craniofacial skeletal system, the hematopoietic system, the nervous system, the urogenital system, the digestive system and intracellular organelles.

OBJECTIVES: The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist (PCL) is currently the most popular self-report scale employed in screening PTSD. This study was conducted 1) to test the reliability and validity of PCL in veterans of the Vietnam War and 2) to compare the results when using a conventional paper survey and mobile app survey. METHODS: Participants included 186 Korean veterans of the Vietnam War. Mini Mental Status Examination, PTSD module of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and Life Event Checklist were administered. PCL was administered in either written format or mobile app. Diagnostic validity of the PCL was compared using the PTSD module of SCID. Other psychometric properties of PCL were also calculated. RESULTS: PCL results using different methods, paper and mobile app, showed no significant difference in each item and total score. Cronbach's coefficient of PCL was 0.95, optimal cut-off 49.5, sensitivity 91.7%, and specificity 93.5%. CONCLUSION: PCL showed excellent internal reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and validity. There was no statistically significant difference between survey methods. These results suggest that PCL is a reliable self-report scale in veterans. In addition, PCL with mobile app can be helpful in screening PTSD.
Aged* ; Checklist* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mobile Applications* ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans* ; Vietnam*

PURPOSE: There are no studies of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) other than type I and III in Korea. We aimed on investigating the characteristics of hepatic GSDs in Korea diagnosed and followed at a single center. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed as GSD and followed at Samsung Medical Center from January, 1997 to December, 2013. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The types of 17 patients were confirmed by enzyme activity tests and/or gene analysis. GSD Ia was diagnosed in 7 patients (33.3%), Ib in 1 patient (4.8%), III in 2 patients (9.5%), IV in 1 patient (4.8%), and IX in 6 patients (28.6%). Types other than GSD I constituted 52.9% (9/17) of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. The median age at presentation was 2 years. Hepatomegaly was observed in 95.2%, elevated liver transaminases in 90.5%, and hyperlactacidemia in 81.0% of the patients. The duration for follow-up was 77+/-62.0 months. Uncooked corn starch was initiated in all the patients. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period, and liver transplantation was performed in 14.3%. CONCLUSION: Types other than GSD I comprised more than half of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. Clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation of hepatic GSDs in Korea should be focused not only on GSD I, but also on other types.
Follow-Up Studies ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Glycogen* ; Liver Transplantation ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Starch ; Transaminases ; Zea mays

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are more common in women in relation to the fluctuations of female sex hormones. We tried to know the gender-related differences in the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms according to the menstrual phase. A total of 253 women before menopause and 252 men below age 50 were examined by a gastroenterologist after completing the questionnaire. Blood tests, endoscopic procedures, and imaging studies were done, if needed. Women were subclassified into three groups according to their menst- ruation period; menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase. Finally, 179 men and 193 women were analyzed. Irritable bowel syndrome was more frequently noticed in women than in men (p=0.01). The diarrhea-dominant type was more common in men, while constipation-dominant or alternating types were more common in women (p<0.001). Of 193 women, there was no significant difference in their gastrointestinal symptoms according to their menstrual phase. Regardless of the menstrual phase, gastrointestinal symptoms are more frequent in women. Physicians should consider different symptomatic manifestations between men and women should be considered when evaluating functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Adult ; Diarrhea/pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Male ; *Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Sex Factors

PURPOSE: Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast (MCBs) are rare diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of MCBs and to compare them with those of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital from May 1982 to December 2002 were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of the medical records and the pathology reports. These patients were compared with 3578 IDC patients that we experienced during the same period. RESULTS: The histologic subtypes of MCBs were 7 squamous, 6 matrix-producing, 7 sarcomatous, 4 mixed, 1 osteogenic, and 13 unclassified tumors. The mean tumor size was 4.4+/-3.1 cm. The operations' methods were a modified radical mastectomy in 26 patients, breast conserving surgery in 11 patients and only an incisional biopsy in one patient. Lymph node metastases and distant metastases were detected in 11 (29.7%) and 5 (13.2%) patients respectively. Lymph node metastases of MCBs were significantly lower than that for the IDC group (p = 0.030). Otherwise, the distant metastases were significantly higher than that of the IDC group (p = 0.019). The MCBs group also showed a significantly higher nuclear grade and histologic grade than did the IDC group (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity was 5.3% and 5.3% respectively, which were significantly lower than that for the IDC group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). The overall 5 year survival rate was 65% and the 5 year disease-free survival rate was 68%. After exclusion of patients with distant metastasis, the overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.291). CONCLUSION: MCB is a rare pathological entity. Compared with IDC, MCB displays a larger size, less lymph node metastasis, more distant metastasis, a higher histologic grade, and less hormone receptor expression. MCB has a poorer overall survival rate, which is probably due to its frequent distant metastasis.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Medical Records ; Metaplasia ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast (MCBs) are rare diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of MCBs and to compare them with those of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital from May 1982 to December 2002 were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of the medical records and the pathology reports. These patients were compared with 3578 IDC patients that we experienced during the same period. RESULTS: The histologic subtypes of MCBs were 7 squamous, 6 matrix-producing, 7 sarcomatous, 4 mixed, 1 osteogenic, and 13 unclassified tumors. The mean tumor size was 4.4+/-3.1 cm. The operations' methods were a modified radical mastectomy in 26 patients, breast conserving surgery in 11 patients and only an incisional biopsy in one patient. Lymph node metastases and distant metastases were detected in 11 (29.7%) and 5 (13.2%) patients respectively. Lymph node metastases of MCBs were significantly lower than that for the IDC group (p = 0.030). Otherwise, the distant metastases were significantly higher than that of the IDC group (p = 0.019). The MCBs group also showed a significantly higher nuclear grade and histologic grade than did the IDC group (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity was 5.3% and 5.3% respectively, which were significantly lower than that for the IDC group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). The overall 5 year survival rate was 65% and the 5 year disease-free survival rate was 68%. After exclusion of patients with distant metastasis, the overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.291). CONCLUSION: MCB is a rare pathological entity. Compared with IDC, MCB displays a larger size, less lymph node metastasis, more distant metastasis, a higher histologic grade, and less hormone receptor expression. MCB has a poorer overall survival rate, which is probably due to its frequent distant metastasis.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Medical Records ; Metaplasia ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate