Intraosseous ganglion is a rare disease and identified as a cystic lesion on plain radiograph. One case ofintraosseous ganglion is examined by plain radiography and CT and findings are analyzed.
Bone Cysts ; Ganglion Cysts ; Radiography ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical, plain radiographic, and anglographic findings of congenital vascular malformation of the soft tissue. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective analysis was performed in 36 patients. Pathological diagnosis was done in 25 patients by surgery and the others were clinically and anglographically diagnosed. On the basis of anglographic findings, we classified the lesions to three groups as arteriovenous malformation(AVM), hemangioma, and venous malformation. In pathologically proven 25 cases, we compared the anglographic diagnosis with the pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: By anglographic classification, AVM was 13 cases, hemangioma 16 cases, and venous malformation 7 cases. The locations of the lesions were upper extremities in 14 cases, lower extremities in 20 cases, both extremities in 1 case, and back in 1 case. Clinical findings were bruit and thrill in 13 cases(12 AVMs, 1 hemangioma) and varicosities in 16 cases(11 AVMs, 3 hemangiomas and 2 venous malformations). The varicosities in AVM were pulsating nature, but not in hemangioma and venous realformation. The concordance rate of the anglographic and pathologic diagnosis was 100%(6/6) in AVM, 71%(10/14) in hemangioma and 60% (3/5) in venous malformation. CONCLUSION: We think that angiography is an essential study for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of congenital vascular malformation.
Angiography ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Extremity ; Vascular Malformations*

Traditionally, diagnostic pathology uses histology representing structural alterations in a disease’s cells and tissues. In many cases, however, it is supplemented by other morphology-based methods such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the strategies that may help tackle the heterogeneous cells in a disease, but it does not usually provide histologic information. Spatial sequencing is designed to assign cell types, subtypes, or states according to the mRNA expression on a histological section by RNA sequencing. It can provide mRNA expressions not only of diseased cells, such as cancer cells but also of stromal cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. In this review, we studied current methods of spatial transcriptome sequencing based on their technical backgrounds, tissue preparation, and analytic procedures. With the pathology examples, useful recommendations for pathologists who are just getting started to use spatial sequencing analysis in research are provided here. In addition, leveraging spatial sequencing by integration with scRNA-seq is reviewed. With the advantages of simultaneous histologic and single-cell information, spatial sequencing may give a molecular basis for pathological diagnosis, improve our understanding of diseases, and have potential clinical applications in prognostics and diagnostic pathology.

Ectopic pituitary adenoma, occurring outside the sella turcica without any continuity with intrasellar pituitary gland is very rare. So far, less than 90 such cases have been reported in the literature. Regarding to ectopic locations, suprasellar region, sphenoid sinus and clivus have been reported in decending order of frequency. To our best knowledge, growth hormonesecreting ectopic pituitary adenoma in the clivus has never been reported. With the pertinent literature review, we present our unique case with its characteristic magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemical features.
Cranial Fossa, Posterior* ; Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Sella Turcica ; Sphenoid Sinus

This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of In-Ceram alumina core treated by ion assisted reaction(IAR). Ion assisted reaction is a prospective surface modification technique without damage by a keV low energy ion beam irradiation in reactive gas environments or reactive ion itself. 120 In-Ceram specimens were fabricated according to manufacturer's directions and divided into six groups by surface treatment methods of In-Ceram alumina core. SD group(control group): sandblasting SL group: sandblasting + silane treatment SC group: sandblasting + Siloc treatment IAR I group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with argon ion and oxygen gas IAR II group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion and oxygen gas IAR III group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion only For measuring of tensile bond strength, pairs of specimens within a group were bonded with Panavia 21 resin cement using special device secured that the film thickness was 80micrometer. The results of tensile strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS release version 8.0 programs. Physical change like surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core treated by ion assisted reaction was evaluated by Contact Angle Measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy; chemical surface change was evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results as follows: 1. In tensile bond strength, there were no statistically significant differences with SC group, IAR groups and SL group except control group(P<0.05). 2. Contact angle measurement showed that wettability of In-Ceram alumina core was enhanced after IAR treatment. 3. SEM and AFM showed that surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core was not changed after IAR treatment . 4. XPS showed that IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core was enabled to create a new functional layer. A keV IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core could enhanced tensile bond strength with resin cement. In the future, this ion assisted reaction may be used effectively in various dental materials as well as in In-Ceram to promote the bond strength to natural tooth structure.
Aluminum Oxide ; Argon ; Dental Materials ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oxygen ; Photoelectron Spectroscopy ; Resin Cements ; Tensile Strength ; Tooth ; Wettability

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a rare disease characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of multiple organs, including the nervous system. The neurologic manifestations in hypereosinophilic syndrome are variable, but eosinophilic meningitis as a manifestation has not been well documented in IHES. We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis associated with IHES, which showed a good response to steroid treatment.
Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Meningitis* ; Nervous System ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rare Diseases

Capsaicin, the pungent component of chilli peppers, is known to induce mediators of hematopoiesis. We investigated the effect of capsaicin on hematopoiesis in mouse progenitor cells. Treatment of mouse bone marrow cells with capsaicin induced the formation of colony of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E). We also found that the number of erythropoietin receptor (EpoR)-positive cells was increased by capsaicin. To clarify the effect of capsaicin on erythroid lineage, BFU-E colonies were separated from non-BFU-E colonies by colony-picking after in vitro culture of mouse bone marrow cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that capsaicin stimulated the expression of the erythroid-specific genes encoding EpoR, glycophorin A (GPA), beta-globin (Hbb-b1), GATA-1, PU.1, nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2), and Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) in the BFU-E colonies. Furthermore, capsaicin could effectively stimulate the transfected GATA-1 promoter in K562 cells. GATA-1 is known as an essential transcription factor for the development of erythroid cells. Our results show that development of the erythroid lineage from bone marrow cells can be induced by treatment with capsaicin, and that GATA-1 seems to play a role in this induced erythroid maturation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Capsaicin/*pharmacology ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Erythroid Cells/*cytology ; GATA1 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism

We saw a case of minoxidil induced pericardial effusion in a 36 years old female who developed generalized edema, weakness and hypertrichosis after taking minoxidil for 1 year. Her chest PA showed globular shaped cardiac enlargement and pulmonary congestion. Echocardiography of the heart showed moderate amount of pericardial effusion. 10 days later after cessation of the drug administration and conservative managements, her chest PA showed marked improvement of heart size and pulmonary congestion. 20 days later her blood pressure became normal with the continued use of other antihypertensive drugs.
Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertrichosis ; Minoxidil* ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Thorax

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) containing pathways exert a inhibitory or facilitate effect on copulation. The administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists to the central nervous system in rats inhibits male copulatory behavior, whereas the administration of antagonists facilitates corpulatory behavior. GABA may influence the erection through dopaminergic pathway. But few about the effect of GABA on serotoninergic neuron are known. Raphe nuclei give rise to the major serotonergic innervation to the hippocampal formation and the GABAergic interneurons are located at the hippocampal formation also. This study was performed to investigate the influence of GABA, inhibitory interneuron, on the 5-HT release from rat hippocampal slices to understand the connection of the serotonergic neurons to GABAergic interneurons. The hippocampus was obtained from the male rat brain and sliced to a 400 Im thickness. After 30 minutes preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 20 minutes in a buffer containing 0.1 microM [3H]5-HT for uptake, and washed. After administration of GABA, the release of [3H] 5-HT into the buffer was measured and the radioactivities in each buffer and the tissue were counted using liquid scintillation counter and the results were expressed as a percentage of the total activity. Spontaneous release of [3H] 5-HT from the rat hippocampal slices decreased rapidly during the first 40 minutes of incubation. Through the rapid release of [3H] 5-HT, a steady state of [3H] 5-HT release was obtained from the 50 minutes of incubation. The value of released [3H] 5-HT after 50 minutes was expressed as percent of the value at 50 minutes. After administration of GABA (10(-4)M), the values (mean +/- SE) of released (3H)5-HT were 97.3 +/- 3.8% at 60 minutes and 91.2 +/- 3.4% at 70 minutes. The values of control group were 96.6 +/- 1.9% at 60 minutes and 89.6 +/- 2.3% at 70 minutes. There were no changes in the release of (3H)5-HT after administration of GABA. These results suggest that there are few connections between GABA and serotoninergic neurons and GABA does not influence the release of 5-HT in rat hippocampus.
Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Copulation ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Interneurons ; Male ; Radioactivity ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats ; Scintillation Counting ; Serotonergic Neurons ; Serotonin*

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: In cases of low bone level in maxilla followed by extraction due to severe periodontitis or enlarged maxillary sinus, crown-root ratio of implant prosthesis will increase. The prognosis of these cases is not good as expected. PURPOSE: The purpose is to compare stress distribution due to crown-root ratio and effect of splinting between two implants in maxillary molar area under different loads MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using ITI(4.1 x 10 mm) implant, two finite element models were made(model S: two parallel implants, model A: one of two is 20 degree inclined). Each model was designed in different crown-root ratio(0.7:1, 1:1, 1.25:1) and set cement type gold crown to make it splinted or non-splinted clinical situations. After that, 300 N force was loaded to each model in four ways.(load 1 : middle of occlusal table, load 2 : middle of buccal cusp, load 3 : middle of lingual cusp, load 4 : horizontal load to middle of buccal cusp), and stress distribution was analyzed. RESULTS: On all occasions, stress was concentrated on neck of implant near cortical bone. In the case of inclined implant, stress was increased compared with parallel implants. Under load 1, 2, 3, stress was not increased even when crown-root ratio increases, but under load 4, when crown-root ratio increases, stress also increased. And more stress was concentrated under load 1 than load 2, 3. When crown-root ratio was same, stress under load 1, 2, 3 decreased when splinting, but under load 4, stress did not really decrease. CONCLUSION: Under vertical load, stress distribution related to crown-root ratio did not change. But under horizontal load, stress increased as crown-root ratio increases. Under vertical load, splinting decreased stress but under horizontal load, effect of splinting was decreased as condition of implant changes for the worse such as increase of crown-root ratio, inclined implant.
Crowns ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Molar* ; Neck ; Periodontitis ; Prognosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Splints