The ankle joint plays important biomechanical role in erect position or ambulation. The ankle injury includes bony structures with articular surface, ligaments and soft tissue injury. So the goal of treatment is anatomical reduction of ankle mortise. Fifty two patients of ankle fractures which were admitted and treated in Seoul Adventist Hospital from January, 1980 to December, 1984, were analysed in the clinical and radiological aspect. The results obtained from this study were as follows; l. Of the 52 cases, male was 39 cases(75.0%) and female was 13 cases(25.0%). The average age of the patients was 33 years with range from 18 years to 75 years. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accidident. Nexts were fall down, sports injury, slip down and industrial injury in orders. 3. The most common type of the ankle fractures, according to the classification of Lauge-Hansen, was supination-external rotation type(40.4%). 4. 36 cases(69.2%) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation and 16 cases(30.8%) were treated with closed reduction. Poor outcome seemed closely related to the severity of the injury and degree of fracture displacement. 5. Accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation of the lateral malleolus without shortening was important factor. Classification of Lauge-Hansen was useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the ankle fractures.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Injuries ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Seoul ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Walking

One of the primary functions for which bones have evolved is to act as a structural support. To achieve this, bones remodel throughout life so that their structure remains optimal for the prevailing mechanical environment. Bone remodeling consists of an initial phase of osteoclastic bone resorption followed by a bone formation period. Prostaglandins are potent regulators of bone formation and bone resorption that can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Elevation of intracellular cAMP is an important intracellular signaling mechanism involved in the regulation of the expression of many proteins. In this study we examine whether PGE or DBcAMP affects osteoblastic activation or osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow cells and osteosarcoma ROS 17/2.8 cells. The effect of PGE and DBcAMP on the cell proliferation was measured by the incorporation of [3H]- thymidine into DNA. As a result, PGE2 (0.5-1 ug/ml) and DBcAMP (0.1-0.5 mM) inhibited the [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA in a dose dependent manner. The effect of PGE2 and DBcAMP on the induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was investigated in ROS 17/2.8 cells cultured in medium containing 0.4% fetal bovine serum. PGE and DBcAMP stimulated ALP activity in the cells in a dose- dependent manner. PGE2 also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose- dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 0.5 ug/ml. ROS 17/2.8 cells release nitric oxide upon stimulation of PGE2 or DBcAMP with interferon-r. PGE2 and DBcAMP increase the phosphorylation level of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) without any change on the amount of CREB protein. Also, PGE (10-6 M) and DBcAMP (10-4 M) significantly increase the generation of osteoclasts in mouse bone marrow cell culture system. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that cAMP appears to be an important regulatory molecule in the processes of bone formation and resorption.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Bucladesine* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; Dinoprostone* ; DNA ; Metabolism* ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma ; Phosphorylation ; Prostaglandins ; Prostaglandins E ; Response Elements ; Thymidine

No abstract available.
Fasciitis, Necrotizing*

No abstract available.
Fasciitis, Necrotizing*

The hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1.25-(OH)2D3] is one of the several humoral factors that may regulate osteoblast differentiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the PDL cells. Human PDL cells were prepared from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment and they were incubated in the environment of 37degrees C, 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. [3H]-thymidine incorporation as a measure of proliferation potential and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated at 10nM, l00nM 1,25-(OH)2D3. The observed results were as follows. 1. 1,25-(OH)2D3 was significantly enhanced [3H]-thymidine incorporation at l00nM, But did not affect by 10nM. 2. 1,25-(OH)2D3 was significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 day and 6 days in a dose-dependent manner.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bicuspid ; Cholecalciferol ; Humans* ; Humidity ; Osteoblasts ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Tooth ; Vitamin D

Hoke traction and immediate immobilization in a spica cast were used to treat 32 children ranging on age from two to eight year old who had closed femoral shaft fractures and no associated injuries. These 32 children admitted at the Seoul Advantist Hospital during period from Jan. 1977 to Dec. 1982 and follow up study was made for 1 to 4 years after fractures. End results obtained are as follows: 1. There was no clinical deformity at the fracture site after complete remodeling. 2. There was no disparity of the leg length greater than 12mm. 3. There was no residual angulation greater than 10° degree. As compared with results treated by Russel traction, this method provides improved length control, comparable control of angular and rotational alignment and considerable shortened hospital stay. It is our opinion that Hoke traction is a simple, safe, certain, comparable and economical method of treatment of femoral shaft fractures in young children.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Leg ; Length of Stay ; Methods ; Seoul ; Traction

This survey was to elucidate the bacterial clearance time (BCT) among the patient of L-type and B-group leprosy who had been und.er chernotherapy and foll- ow up with bacterial examination 4 times every year more than 3 years at the Chronic Disease Laboratory of Catholic Medical College. The 99 patients, 53 L-type and 46 B-group, were slected for this study. These patients were classified again into 2 groups: 80 patients with negative bacterial index and 19 patient of posit.ive bacterial index. The patient with negative bacterial index was subdivided into 3 groups by BCT. 1. Rapid decrease group (RA group) BCT<(4years) 2. Standard decrease group (ST group) 4BCT<7 R. Slow decrease group (SL group) 7.
Chronic Disease ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Borderline* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous* ; Prognosis*

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the characterization calretinin-immunoreactive displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. METHODS: For immunohistochemistry, sections from guinea pig retina were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibody directed against calretinin. For double label studies, sections were incuated in mixture of mouse monoclonal anti-calretinin or rabbit polyclonal anti-calretinin with following antibodies: goat polyclonal anti-ChAT, rabbit polyclonal anti-GABA, mouse monoclonal anti-GABAA receptor alpha1, beta2/3. Sections were analyzed using Bio-rad Radiance Plus confocal scanning microscope. Stained sections from three guinea pig were observed with transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Calretinin immunoreactivity was present in displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells gaving rise to processes ramified in the inner part of the inner plexiform layer in stratum 4. The same stratum was also occupied by the dendrites of ON-cholinergic amacrine cells. Double-labeling demonstrated that dendrites and cell bodies of displaced amacrine cells colocalized with ON-cholinergic amacrine cells and dendrites of ganglion cells directly overlapped with dendrites of ON-cholinergic amacrine cells. The synaptic connectivity was identified by electron microscopy. Ganglion cell dendrites received synaptic input from ON-cholinergic amacrine cell. GABAA receptor beta2/3 subunit bands cofaciculates the dendrites of displaced amacrine cell and ganglion cell that are juxtapose to the alpha1 subunit of GABAA receptor. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ON-cholinergic amacrine cells modulate calretinin-labeled ganglion cell via GABAA receptor beta2/3 in the guinea pig retina.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent ; Dendrites ; Electrons ; Ganglion Cysts ; Goats ; Guinea ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retina

No abstract available.
Hemangioma* ; Liver*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Qualitative oculomotor abnormalities have been reported in parkinsonian patients for many years, but conflicting results have been obtained. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the severity of the disease and the abnormalities of the ocular movements in idiopathic parkinson's disease. METHODS: We gave the vestibular function tests in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease and normal controls. Eye movement recordings were made with automated electronystagmography and rotation test was performed. A total of 46 patients (mean age : 61.2+/-6.7) and 24 controls (mean age : 60.5+/-4.3) were studied. The severity of the disease was divided into two groups by modified Hoehn & Yahr staging ; H-Y stage 1 and 2 as a mild group and stage 3 and 4 as a severe group. RESULTS: Saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) suppression by vision were significantly altered in patients, whereas mean velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and VOR gain in darkness were normal. Alteration of saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, VOR suppression by vision were profound in the severe group compared with a mild group and controls, but the above parameters did not differ between a mild group and controls. In a hemiparkinson's group, saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain, OKN mean velocity and gain was not different between the both sides. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that severe Parkinson's disease damages nigrostriatal or other specific pathways which were involved in the regulation of the saccadic, pursuitic and pursuitic-mediated visual fixation system. In a hemiparkinson's group asymmetric damage of dopaminergic innervation which was involved in the regulation of ocular movements was not found.
Darkness ; Electronystagmography ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic ; Parkinson Disease* ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Vestibular Function Tests