No abstract available.
Tooth Eruption* ; Tooth* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Tooth Eruption* ; Tooth* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

The age of puberty represents a very critical time in the life history of every young woman. The menarche stands as primary indicator of the onset of sexual maturation in females. According to several studies, menarcheal age in Korean girls has dropped from about 15 years of age in 1960s to 13.5 years of age in 1980s. This findings show a pronounced secular trend to earlier maturation. The purpose of this study is to determine (1) the average age at menarche in Korea in present time, (2) the secular trend of menarcheal age, and (3) the geographic regional influence on menarche. The data sampling was obtained from the physical examination cards of women students in Yonsei University who entered from 1983 to 1991. The data which was obtained from the number of 7761 was analysed by dBase III plus and SAS program. The results are as follows: 1) The mean menarcheal age of the subjects was 13.7+/-1.2 years. 2) Age at menarche has been getting earlier by some 7.4 months during the period of recent II years. 3) Comparing to the decreasing secular trend of menarcheal age, the height and weight showed increasing trend. 4) There were significant differences in menarcheal age, height, weight among geographic regions. We conclude that the results indicate an accelerating secular trend in age of menarche in Korea.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Menarche ; Physical Examination ; Puberty ; Sexual Maturation

Down syndrome is the most common autosomal chromosomal abnormality characterized by mental and growth retardation, and by various typical features including prominent epicanthal fold, oblique palpebral fissure, flat nasal bridge, short and broad hand, wide toe interspace, etc. The overall incidence has been shown to be 1:800 deliveries, increasing with advancing maternal age. However, twin cases are extremely rare, and thus far only 500 cases were reported worldwide. We have recently observed 10-day-old male monozygotic twins with Down syndrome, born to a mother of 30 years of age with one normal child. Both have VSD confirmed by 2D-echocardiography, in addition to various typical features. Cytogenetic examination revealed that both have karyotypes of 47, XY, +21. This is the first report in Korea as the authors are aware of.
Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Toes ; Twins, Monozygotic

No abstract available.
Colonialism* ; Leprosy*

No abstract available.
Ligaments*

Voltage dependent calcium channels mediate wide variety of physiological functions including neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth, and gene expression in neurons. omega-Conotoxin-sensitive N-type calcium channels are exclusively expressed in nervous system and involved in the control of neurotransmitter release from neurons. In this experiment, I have investigated human chromosomal location and rat neuronal distribution of N-type voltage dependent calcium channel alpha1, subunit [alpha1B]. I have localized human alpha1B subunit gene to the long arm of chromosome 9[9q34] by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The distribution of rat alphaB1 subunit mRNA has been examined in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and high level of alpha1B subunit mRNA has been observed in olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, parabrachial nucleus, and cerebellum and low level of expression was also found in other areas of rat brain.
Animals ; Arm ; Brain* ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium Channels, N-Type ; Calcium* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dentate Gyrus ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Nervous System ; Neurites ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Olfactory Bulb ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative results of unilateral lateral rectus recession with bilateral lateral rectus recession between 20 prism diopters (PD) and 25 PD intermittent exotropia for basic type. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 27 patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and 38 patients underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession with 20 PD and 25 PD intermittent exotropia for basic type from June 1996 to May 2000 at the Department of Ophthalmology of Chonnam National University Hospital. RESULTS: There were 10 cases (37.0%) in unilateral group and 8 cases (21.1%) in bilateral group showing undercorrection in the amount of deviation more than 10 PD and 2 cases (5.3%) in bilateral group showing overcorrection in the amount of deviation more than 10 PD, and there was no overcorrection in unilateral group. There was a tendency of recurrence of exotropia during the first postoperative month, but the alignment after 1 month postoperative was not much different from the alignment at the last follow-up. The mean amount of correction after surgery was 13.78+/-7.65 PD (Mean+/-SD) in unilateral group and 20.32+/-8.37 PD (Mean+/-SD) in bilateral group (P=0.002). Success rate was 73.6% in bilateral group, better than 63.0% in unilateral group although there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The undercorrection rate of bilateral lateral rectus recession is less than that of unilateral lateral rectus recession and more satisfactory surgical outcome was obtained in bilateral lateral rectus recession; therefore bilateral lateral rectus recession can lead to good result in 20~25 PD intermittent exotropia for basic type.
Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Ophthalmology ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The treatment of the osteonecrosis in the acetabulum and femoral head after irradiation has not been well estabilished. The early failure of acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the main concern in osteonecrosis after irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 18 patients with post-radiation osteonecrosis of 26 hips who had a THA, mean age 54.2 years. Average irradiation dosage was 4611 cGy and interval between irradiation and primary total hip replacement was 64.3 months. The cementless acetabular components were used in 16 hips (group one) and acetabular reinforcement rings were used in 10 hips (group two: Muller cup 6 cases, Ganz cup 4 cases). RESULTS: Acetabular loosenings were occurred at 8 of 16 hips (Group 1: 50%) during the mean follow-up 46 months. The cases of Muller cup (Group 2: 33%) was failed in 2 of 6 hips at postoperative 12 months and 22 months. CONCLUSION: Although follow up duration is short and cases are small, the use of cemented cup with acetabular reinforcement ring was better than non-cemented cup for THA in irradiated hip in terms of preventive of early failure of acetabular component.
Acetabulum* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip* ; Humans ; Osteonecrosis