OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to analyze the results of follow up after conization and to determine the value of repeat conization for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III. METHODS: Between March 1998 and February 2002, 241 women were underwent knife conization due to CIN III of the uterine cervix. After knife conization, follow-up visits were scheduled at 2 weeks interval during the first 3 months for cervical inspection only, then at every 3 months for the first year, every 6 months for the second year, and then annually for pelvic examination and Papanicolaou smears. Among 241 patients, 71 women were suspected of residual or recurrent lesions by cytology and colposcopy. Among 71 patients with residual or recurrent lesions, 37 patients received simple hysterectomy and 34 patients received repeat conization. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years (range 27-64) and mean parity was 2 (range 0-6). The mean follow-up duration was 25.4 months (range 14-51) after conization. The results of repeat conization (n=34) were as follows; no residual lesion in 7 patients, CIN III in 15 patients, and lower grade neoplasia in 12 patients. Two patients were margin positive; 1 patient with CIN III, 1 patient with lower grade neoplasia. The outcomes of simple hysterectomy (n=37) were as follows; no residual lesion in 8 patients, CIN III in 18 patients, and lower grade neoplasia in 11 patients. Resection margin negative rates of repeat conization and simple hysterectomy were 94.1% and 100%, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that less invasive technique such as repeat conization might be an alternative method instead of hysterectomy in selected patients with recurrent or residual lesions who wish to preserve fertility.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri ; Colposcopy ; Conization* ; Female ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Papanicolaou Test ; Parity

Calcific tendinitis of hand and foot is rare and frequently misdiagnosed because of its rare incidence and its similar clinical presentation to other conditions such as infection. Awareness of the typical location as well as familiarity with the imaging findings is essential for making a correct diagnosis of this rare condition. We report four cases of calcific tendinitis of hand and foot, occurring in the flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and abductor pollicis brevis.
Foot ; Hand ; Incidence ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons

PURPOSE: A laparoscopic appendectomy is now commonly performed. The push in recent years toward reducing the number of ports required to perform this surgery has led to the development of a single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPA). We compared postoperative pain after an SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device (group 1) with that of an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single-port device (group 2). METHODS: Between March 2010 and July 2011, a retrospective study was conducted of a total of 77 patients who underwent an SPA by three surgeons at department of surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center. Thirty-eight patients received an SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device. The other 39 patients received an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single port (Octo-Port or SILS Port). Operative details and postoperative outcomes were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: There were no differences in the mean operative times, times to pass gas, postoperative hospital stays, or cosmetic satisfaction scores between the two groups. The pain score in the first 24 hours after surgery was higher in group 2 than group 1 patients (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the trocar used in group 2 was more expensive than that used in group 1. CONCLUSION: An SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device was associated with a lower pain score during the first 24 hours after surgery because of the shorter fascia incision length and a cheaper cost than an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single-port device.
Appendectomy* ; Fascia ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVE: Although alcohol dependence is associated with a wide range of cognitive impairment, working memory function of alcohol dependence has not been well studied. The aim of this study was the assessment of working memory in alcohol dependence, the comparison of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory, and the examination of the correlations between working memory and clinical parameters. METHODS: A sample of 18 sober alcohol-dependent participants was compared with a sample of 19 controls on verbal and visuo-spatial working memory test using "2-back" system. RESULTS: Alcohol dependent participants showed the increased errors of verbal working memory. The amount of alcohol consumption during problem alcohol drinking period was correlated significantly with false positive error of verbal working memory. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that alcohol dependence impairs verbal working memory despite no impairment of intelligence. This study suggested the relationship between verbal working memory impairment and the amount of alcohol consumption.
Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Memory, Short-Term*

BACKGROUND: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are two common neurodegenerative disorders presenting with parkinsonism. Since a brain MRI study is an available method for differentiating MSA from IPD, we tried to find further values of brain MRI studies in differentiating MSA from IPD. METHODS: We measured anteroposterior and transverse diameters (AD and TD, respectively) of the brain stem of T2-weighted axial images. We graded the severity of atrophy (grade 0: none; grade 1: mild; grade 2: moderate; and grade 3: severe) of cerebellar vermis and hemispheres on the midsagittal and parasagittal planes. RESULTS: There were 36 patients with probable MSA and 40 patients with IPD. We calculated a parameter multiplying AD of the midbrain by TD of the midbrain. The mean of the AD x TD of the midbrain was 1007.5 +/- 161.8 mm2 in patients with MSA, and it was significantly smaller than that of those with IPD (1113.3 +/- 118.7 mm2). When the cut off value was decided as 1050 mm2, the sensitivity of the parameter for the diagnosis of MSA was 83.3% and specificity was 80%. The frequency of cerebellar atrophy was 72.2% in patients with MSA, and it was significantly higher than that of those with IPD (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of the brain stem, particularly the midbrain, and cerebellum areas on brain MRI are helpful methods for the differential diagnosis of patients with MSA from those with IPD.
Atrophy ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Cerebellum* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mesencephalon ; Multiple System Atrophy* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Parkinson Disease* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Author reviewed the 31 cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms clinically from January 1981 to July 1987, at Inje College Busan Paik Hospital. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The incidence of multiple intracranial aneurysm was 7.8%. In most cases(94%), the number of aneurysm was two. 2) Approximately over 70% of patients were 6th and 7th decades, male to female ratio was 1:3.4. 3) The location of multiple intracranial aneurysms was in order, on the opposite side(39%), on the same side(26%), one in the midline and one on the side(29%). The location of indivisual aneurysms was in order, P-com. A(36%), MCA(25%), A-com. A(17%), ICA(13%). 4) The site of the ruptured aneurysm was determined by CT finding(55%), focal mass effect and spasm in angiography(29%), and others. The accurary was 97%. The possibility of rupture at each location was A-com. A(73%), P-com. A(57%), ICA(38%), MCA(31%). 5) 12 cases among them were treated with one-stage operation and 9 cases with two-stage operation. The post-operative favorable outcome was estimated in 13 cases(54%), the surgical mortality was 13%. There was no statistical difference between two groups.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Spasm

Author reviewed the 31 cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms clinically from January 1981 to July 1987, at Inje College Busan Paik Hospital. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The incidence of multiple intracranial aneurysm was 7.8%. In most cases(94%), the number of aneurysm was two. 2) Approximately over 70% of patients were 6th and 7th decades, male to female ratio was 1:3.4. 3) The location of multiple intracranial aneurysms was in order, on the opposite side(39%), on the same side(26%), one in the midline and one on the side(29%). The location of indivisual aneurysms was in order, P-com. A(36%), MCA(25%), A-com. A(17%), ICA(13%). 4) The site of the ruptured aneurysm was determined by CT finding(55%), focal mass effect and spasm in angiography(29%), and others. The accurary was 97%. The possibility of rupture at each location was A-com. A(73%), P-com. A(57%), ICA(38%), MCA(31%). 5) 12 cases among them were treated with one-stage operation and 9 cases with two-stage operation. The post-operative favorable outcome was estimated in 13 cases(54%), the surgical mortality was 13%. There was no statistical difference between two groups.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Spasm

Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is a new acoustic window to the cardiac structures and great vessels via retrocardiac esophagus. Because of the close relation between the esophagus and the heart, higher transducer frequencies can be applied, therefore leading to improved resolution and more accurate images than transthoracic echocardiography. We describe our experience with the first 353 awake patients. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients and associated with no major complications, within examination 10 to 20 minutes. Clinical diseases which appear to be suited for TEE includes 1) evaluation of native valve diseases, particulary mitral valve, pathologic valvular abnormalities and color Doppler regurgitant flows ; 2) assesment of prosthetic heart valves to better define malfunction and important pathologic associations ; 3) congenital heart disease, particularly atrial septal defect ; 4) endocarditis and detection of vegetations and complications ; 5) detection of thrombus and tumors, size, location, morphology, stalk ; and 6) aortic pathology including atherosclerosis, aneurysm and dissection. We conclude that transesophageal echocardiography is a new imaging technique that is rapidly evolving into a major tool for general cardiac imaging in a variety pathologic conditions and is a safe and useful tool in patients. Future advances in probe technology will continue to expand its applications.
Acoustics ; Aneurysm ; Atherosclerosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Endocarditis ; Equidae ; Esophagus ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Valves ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Pathology ; Thrombosis ; Transducers

A non-carious cervical lesion(NCCL) is the loss of tooth structure at the cementoenamel junction level that is unrelated to dental caries. This study was to evaluate the occlusal and periodontal status of teeth with non-carious cervical lesions. We evaluated 105 teeth with non-carious cervical lesions in 35 subjects aged 38-75 years and characterized them based on the shape and dimension, plaque retention, bleeding on probing(BOP), probing pocket depth(PPD), occlusal status, brushing type, hypersensitivity and wear facet. The results of this study were as follows 1. No significant association was observed between cervical lesions and occlusal contact in lateral excursions. 2. No significant difference occurred in plaque retention, PPD, BOP between teeth with and without cervical lesions. 3. Test teeth had a significantly higher percentage of hypersensitivity and occlusal wear facet than teeth without cervical lesions. 4. Wedge shaped lesions had a significantly higher percentage of plaque than saucer shaped lesions. 5. Teeth with plaque were found to have significantly deeper PPD than teeth without plaque retention in cervical regions. 6. Teeth with occlusal contacts were found to have significantly deeper PPD than teeth without occlusal contacts. 7. No significant association was observed between cervical lesions and PPD independent of plaque retention and occlusal contacts Although more knowledge is necessary, our results suggest that occlusal contact and bacterial plaque may influence on periodontal tissue, but NCCL is not directly associated with periodontal health
Dental Caries ; Hemorrhage ; Hypersensitivity ; Tooth Attrition ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: BRAF mutation and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) are linked with colorectal carcinogenesis through the serrated pathway. BRAF and ERK1/2 play important roles in the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic outcomes of BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the possibility of using them as prognostic indicators. METHODS: Dual-priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction for BRAF(V600E) mutation and immunohistochemical analysis of ERK1/2 were performed using 65 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from patients with CRC. We analyzed the dependences of the clinicopathologic features on BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression. RESULTS: Out of 65 samples from CRC patients, BRAF mutation was detected in 3 (4.6%). The 3 patients with BRAF mutation presented with T3 CRC with lymph node metastasis (stage III) showing moderately or poorly differentiated histology. ERK1 and ERK2 were positively detected in 73.8% and 15.4% of the patients with CRC, respectively. ERK1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.049). ERK2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor emboli (P < 0.05), tumor invasion (P = 0.035), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017), and stage (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression may be associated with advanced or more aggressive CRC. These molecular markers might play prognostic roles in CRC developed through the serrated pathway.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphotransferases*