1.The Risk of Dementia after Anesthesia Differs according to the Mode of Anesthesia and Individual Anesthetic Agent
Seung-Hoon LEE ; Won Seok William HYUNG ; Surin SEO ; Junhyung KIM ; Changsu HAN ; Kwang-Yeon CHOI ; HyunChul YOUN ; Hyun-Ghang JEONG
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2025;23(1):65-75
Objective:
Multiple cohort studies have investigated the potential link between anesthesia and dementia. However, mixed findings necessitate closer examination. This study aimed to investigate the association between anesthesia exposure and the incidence of dementia, considering different anesthesia types and anesthetic agents.
Methods:
This nationwide cohort study utilized data from the South Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, covering 62,541 participants, to investigate the correlation between anesthesia exposure and dementia incidence.
Results:
Results revealed an increased risk of dementia in individuals who underwent general (hazard ratio [HR], 1.318;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061−1.637) or regional/local anesthesia (HR, 2.097; 95% CI, 1.887−2.329) compared to those who did not. However, combined general and regional/local anesthesia did not significantly increase dementia risk (HR, 1.097; 95% CI, 0.937−1.284). Notably, individual anesthetic agents exhibited varying risks; desflurane and midazolam showed increased risks, whereas propofol showed no significant difference.
Conclusion
This study provides unique insights into the nuanced relationship between anesthesia, individual anesthetic agents, and the incidence of dementia. While confirming a general association between anesthesia exposure and dementia risk, this study also emphasizes the importance of considering specific agents. These findings under-score the need for careful evaluation and long-term cognitive monitoring after anesthesia.
2.Clinical Impact of Meniscal Scaffold Implantation in Patients with Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review
Joo Hyung HAN ; Min JUNG ; Kwangho CHUNG ; Se-Han JUNG ; Hyunjun LEE ; Chong-Hyuk CHOI ; Sung-Hwan KIM
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 2025;17(1):112-122
Background:
Meniscal scaffold implantation has been introduced as a treatment for meniscal injuries, but there is still no clear consensus on its clinical impact, including its chondroprotective effect. This review aimed to assess the chondroprotective effects, clinical outcomes, and survivorship of meniscal scaffold implantation compared to meniscectomy, as well as among different types of scaffolds.
Methods:
A comprehensive search strategy was performed on the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, encompassing articles published until June 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and comparative studies published in English that reported results using collagen meniscal implant (CMI) and polyurethane meniscal scaffold for meniscal tear were included.
Results:
A total of 421 studies were initially identified across databases, and a systematic review was conducted on 8 studies involving 596 patients. Among the 5 studies that addressed the chondroprotective effect, none found that meniscal scaffolds had a higher chondroprotective effect compared to meniscectomy. In studies comparing CMI and meniscectomy, the Lysholm score results showed a mean difference (MD) range between –5.90 and –4.40. In the case of visual analog scale score, the MD ranged from –1.0 to 1.0. In studies comparing polyurethane meniscal scaffolds and CMI, the Tegner score results showed an MD range of –2.0 to 0.4.
Conclusions
There was no superiority in chondroprotective effects for both CMI and polyurethane meniscal scaffolds compared to meniscectomy. Although meniscal scaffolds may provide improvements in clinical outcomes, no clinically relevant differences were observed in comparison to meniscectomy. There are no discernible differences between the 2 types of scaffolds.
3.Clinical Practice Guidelines for Dementia: Recommendations for Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine
Yeshin KIM ; Dong Woo KANG ; Geon Ha KIM ; Ko Woon KIM ; Hee-Jin KIM ; Seunghee NA ; Kee Hyung PARK ; Young Ho PARK ; Gihwan BYEON ; Jeewon SUH ; Joon Hyun SHIN ; YongSoo SHIM ; YoungSoon YANG ; Yoo Hyun UM ; Seong-il OH ; Sheng-Min WANG ; Bora YOON ; Sun Min LEE ; Juyoun LEE ; Jin San LEE ; Jae-Sung LIM ; Young Hee JUNG ; Juhee CHIN ; Hyemin JANG ; Miyoung CHOI ; Yun Jeong HONG ; Hak Young RHEE ; Jae-Won JANG ;
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2025;24(1):1-23
Background:
and Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia.
Methods:
Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Recommendations were graded for evidence quality and strength using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.
Results:
Three main recommendations are presented: (1) For AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) are strongly recommended for improving cognition and daily function based on moderate evidence; (2) Cholinesterase inhibitors are conditionally recommended for vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia, with a strong recommendation for Lewy body dementia; (3) For moderate to severe AD, NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) is strongly recommended, demonstrating significant cognitive and functional improvements. Both drug classes showed favorable safety profiles with manageable side effects.
Conclusions
This guideline offers standardized, evidence-based pharmacologic recommendations for dementia management, with specific guidance on cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists. It aims to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in dementia care. Further updates will address emerging treatments, including amyloid-targeting therapies, to reflect advances in dementia management.
4.Study Protocol of Expanded Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro-EXP)
Jae Hoon MOON ; Eun Kyung LEE ; Wonjae CHA ; Young Jun CHAI ; Sun Wook CHO ; June Young CHOI ; Sung Yong CHOI ; A Jung CHU ; Eun-Jae CHUNG ; Yul HWANGBO ; Woo-Jin JEONG ; Yuh-Seog JUNG ; Kyungsik KIM ; Min Joo KIM ; Su-jin KIM ; Woochul KIM ; Yoo Hyung KIM ; Chang Yoon LEE ; Ji Ye LEE ; Kyu Eun LEE ; Young Ki LEE ; Hunjong LIM ; Do Joon PARK ; Sue K. PARK ; Chang Hwan RYU ; Junsun RYU ; Jungirl SEOK ; Young Shin SONG ; Ka Hee YI ; Hyeong Won YU ; Eleanor WHITE ; Katerina MASTROCOSTAS ; Roderick J. CLIFTON-BLIGH ; Anthony GLOVER ; Matti L. GILD ; Ji-hoon KIM ; Young Joo PARK
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2025;40(2):236-246
Background:
Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a viable management strategy for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), following pioneering trials at Kuma Hospital and the Cancer Institute Hospital in Japan. Numerous prospective cohort studies have since validated AS as a management option for low-risk PTMC, leading to its inclusion in thyroid cancer guidelines across various countries. From 2016 to 2020, the Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro) enrolled 1,177 patients, providing comprehensive data on PTMC progression, sonographic predictors of progression, quality of life, surgical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness when comparing AS to immediate surgery. The second phase of MAeSTro (MAeSTro-EXP) expands AS to low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumors larger than 1 cm, driven by the hypothesis that overall risk assessment outweighs absolute tumor size in surgical decision-making.
Methods:
This protocol aims to address whether limiting AS to tumors smaller than 1 cm may result in unnecessary surgeries for low-risk PTCs detected during their rapid initial growth phase. By expanding the AS criteria to include tumors up to 1.5 cm, while simultaneously refining and standardizing the criteria for risk assessment and disease progression, we aim to minimize overtreatment and maintain rigorous monitoring to improve patient outcomes.
Conclusion
This study will contribute to optimizing AS guidelines and enhance our understanding of the natural course and appropriate management of low-risk PTCs. Additionally, MAeSTro-EXP involves a multinational collaboration between South Korea and Australia. This cross-country study aims to identify cultural and racial differences in the management of low-risk PTC, thereby enriching the global understanding of AS practices and their applicability across diverse populations.
5.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practices related to colorectal cancer and colonoscopy in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study
Jin Young YOON ; Moon Hyung LEE ; Min Seob KWAK ; Jae Myung CHA
Intestinal Research 2025;23(1):85-95
Background/Aims:
Despite of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is little data regarding its impact on colorectal cancer (CRC)-related clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the changes in its impact during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
This was a retrospective national population-based study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database from January 2019 to December 2021. The number of patients in 2020 and 2021 was compared with those in 2019 for the diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy, CRC-related operation, and any treatment for CRC.
Results:
The annual number of patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopies decreased by 6.9% in 2020 but increased 8.1% in 2021, compared to those in 2019; number of patients undergoing therapeutic colonoscopies increased by 6.0% and 37.7% in 2020 and 2021, respectively; number of patients operated for CRC decreased by 4.2% in 2020 and increased by 2.3% in 2021. The number of patients treated for CRC decreased by 2.8% in 2020 and increased by 4.4% in 2021. Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopies and any CRC-related treatment decreased by 43.8%, 37.5%, and 11.3% in March 2020, during the first surge of COVID-19, but increased by 26.0%, 58.1%, and 9.5% in June 2021, respectively. CRC-related operations decreased by 24.1% in April 2020 and increased by 12.6% in August 2021.
Conclusions
Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practices related to CRC completely recovered within second year. It could be considered for the development of an optimal strategy on CRC management in response to the pandemic-driven crisis.
6.Impact of Resident Shortage on Trauma Care During the 2024 Medical Conflict: A Single Regional Emergency Medical Center Experience and Recommendations
Jun Hyung KIM ; Sungho LEE ; Kwanhoon PARK ; Kang Yoon LEE ; Ji Young JANG
Journal of Acute Care Surgery 2025;15(1):13-19
Purpose:
In 2024, the South Korean government proposed an essential medical care package, including the expansion of medical college admissions, which faced strong opposition from the medical community. Consequently, residents resigned, increasing the workload of the remaining staff and putting public health at risk. This study analyzed changes in the hospitalization patterns of trauma patients during this political conflict period using single-center data from the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital.
Methods:
Data from the entire year 2023 and from March to August 2024 were used for analysis, excluding January and February 2024 when the conflict escalated. The selection criteria included patients with trauma who visited the emergency room, and comparisons were made between the periods before and during the medical conflict.
Results:
In 2023, the total number of patients with trauma were 1,182 (an average of 98.5 per month). From March to August 2024, the number dropped to 204 (34.2 per month), reflecting a significant reduction in the monthly average number of patients with trauma. Despite the overall decline, the number of severe trauma cases remained relatively stable, indicating a shift toward more critical patient care. Emergency department length of stay decreased significantly from 295 min in 2023 to 187 min in 2024.
Conclusion
The ongoing strain on emergency and support department risks leads to an irreversible collapse if critical points are reached. To address this, localized trauma centers are needed to relieve the burden on larger medical institutions and improve the efficiency of trauma care systems during crises.
8.Profiling of Anti-Signal-Recognition Particle Antibodies and Clinical Characteristics in South Korean Patients With Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy
Soo-Hyun KIM ; Yunjung CHOI ; Eun Kyoung OH ; Ichizo NISHINO ; Shigeaki SUZUKI ; Bum Chun SUH ; Ha Young SHIN ; Seung Woo KIM ; Byeol-A YOON ; Seong-il OH ; Yoo Hwan KIM ; Hyunjin KIM ; Young-Min LIM ; Seol-Hee BAEK ; Je-Young SHIN ; Hung Youl SEOK ; Seung-Ah LEE ; Young-Chul CHOI ; Hyung Jun PARK
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2025;21(1):31-39
Background:
and Purpose This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of an anti-signal-recognition particle 54 (anti-SRP54) antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as the clinical, serological, and pathological characteristics of patients with SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM).
Methods:
We evaluated 87 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and 107 healthy participants between January 2002 and December 2023. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for anti-SRP54 antibodies were assessed, and the clinical profiles of patients with antiSRP54 antibodies were determined.
Results:
The ELISA for anti-SRP54 antibodies had a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 99%, respectively, along with a test–retest reliability of 0.92 (p<0.001). The 32 patients diagnosed with anti-SRP IMNM using a line-blot immunoassay included 28 (88%) who tested positive for anti-SRP54 antibodies using the ELISA, comprising 12 (43%) males and 16 (57%) females whose median ages at symptom onset and diagnosis were 43.0 years and 43.5 years, respectively. Symptoms included proximal muscle weakness in all 28 (100%) patients, neck weakness in 9 (32%), myalgia in 15 (54%), dysphagia in 5 (18%), dyspnea in 4 (14%), dysarthria in 2 (7%), interstitial lung disease in 2 (7%), and myocarditis in 2 (7%). The median serum creatine kinase (CK) level was 7,261 U/L (interquartile range: 5,086–10,007 U/L), and the median anti-SRP54 antibody level was 2.0 U/mL (interquartile range: 1.0–5.6 U/mL). The serum CK level was significantly higher in patients with coexisting anti-Ro-52 antibodies.
Conclusions
This study has confirmed the reliability of the ELISA for anti-SRP54 antibodies and provided insights into the clinical, serological, and pathological characteristics of South Korean patients with anti-SRP IMNM.
9.Genome-Wide Association Study Identifying a Novel Gene Related to a History of Febrile Convulsions in Patients With Focal Epilepsy
Joonho KIM ; Hye Jeong LEE ; Hyung Jun PARK ; Ji Hyun LEE ; Won-Joo KIM
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2025;21(2):123-130
Background:
and Purpose The risk factors for developing epilepsy following febrile convulsion (FC) have been studied extensively, but the underlying genetic components remain largely unexplored. Our objective here was to identify the risk loci related to FC through a genomewide association study of Korean epilepsy patients.
Methods:
We examined associations between a history of FC and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in data obtained from 125 patients with focal epilepsy: 28 with an FC history and 97 without an FC history.
Results:
Among 288,394 SNPs, 5 candidate SNPs showed p<1×10-4 . Regional association plots of these SNPs identified a novel locus adjacent to PROX1 that is implicated in hippocampal neurogenesis and epileptogenesis. The allele frequencies of the SNPs upstream of PROX1 including two candidate SNPs (rs1159179 and rs7554295 on chromosome 1) differed significantly between the groups with and without an FC history. In contrast, the allele frequencies of the SNPs inside PROX1 showed no differences, indicating dysregulated expression of PROX1 rather than a functional alteration in the PROX1 protein.
Conclusions
This novel discovery of SNPs upstream of PROX1 suggests that the dysregulated expression of PROX1 contributes to the development of focal epilepsy following FC. We propose that these SNPs are potential genetic markers for focal epilepsy following FC, and that PROX1 represents a potential therapeutic target of antiseizure medications.
10.Eligibility for Lecanemab Treatment in the Republic of Korea:Real-World Data From Memory Clinics
Sung Hoon KANG ; Jee Hyang JEONG ; Jung-Min PYUN ; Geon Ha KIM ; Young Ho PARK ; YongSoo SHIM ; Seong-Ho KOH ; Chi-Hun KIM ; Young Chul YOUN ; Dong Won YANG ; Hyuk-je LEE ; Han LEE ; Dain KIM ; Kyunghwa SUN ; So Young MOON ; Kee Hyung PARK ; Seong Hye CHOI
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2025;21(3):182-189
Background:
and Purpose We aimed to determine the proportion of Korean patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who are eligible to receive lecanemab based on the United States Appropriate Use Recommendations (US AUR), and also identify the barriers to this treatment.
Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled 6,132 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or mild amnestic dementia at 13 hospitals from June 2023 to May 2024. Among them, 2,058 patients underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and 1,199 (58.3%) of these patients were amyloid-positive on PET. We excluded 732 patients who did not undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging between June 2023 and May 2024. Finally, 467 patients were included in the present study.
Results:
When applying the criteria of the US AUR, approximately 50% of patients with early AD were eligible to receive lecanemab treatment. Among the 467 included patients, 36.8% did not meet the inclusion criterion of a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥22.
Conclusions
Eligibility for lecanemab treatment was not restricted to Korean patients with early AD except for those with an MMSE score of ≥22. The MMSE criteria should therefore be reconsidered in areas with a higher proportion of older people, who tend to have lower levels of education.

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