No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Urolithiasis*

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Urolithiasis*

PURPOSE: To describe soft-tissue radiographic and high-resolution CT findings of radiation-induced lung injury of rabbit over time and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 rabbits were irradiated in the right lung with one fraction of 2000 cGy. After 4, 6, 12, 20, 24 weeks, 3 rabbits in each group were sacrificed and soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT of their lung tissue were obtained. Radiological findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: On soft- tissue radiogram, radiation pneumonitis shown as consolidation with air-bronchogram occurred in 3 cases after 6 weeks, and in 1 case after 12 weeks of irradiation. In addition, pneumonic consolidation with adjacent pleural contraction was seen in 2 cases after 12 weeks of irradiation. Fibrotic changes indicated by decreased volume occurred after 20 weeks and combined bronchiectatic change and bronchial wall thickening appeared after 20 weeks(N=1), and 24 weeks(N=3). HRCT findings of radiation pneumonitis were homogeneous, increased attenuation after 4 weeks(N=3), 6 and 12 weeks (each N=I), patchy consolidation after 6 and 12 weeks(each N=2), discrete consolidation after 12, 20 and 24 weeks(each N=I) and solid consolidation after 20 and 24 weeks(each N=2). Pathologically radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary congestion were seen after 4 and 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, collagen and reticulin fibers were detected along alveolar wall. Mixed radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis were detected after 12 weeks. 20 weeks after irradiation, fibrosis was well defined in interstitium and in 24 weeks, decreased number of alveoli and thickening of bronchial wall were defined. CONCLUSION: Radiation pneumonitis was provoked 4 weeks after irradiation on rabbit lung and progressed into radiation fibrosis 20 weeks after irradiation on soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT. High-resolution CT is more precise in detecting early radiation pneumonitis and detailed pathologic findings.
Collagen ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Lung Injury ; Lung* ; Rabbits ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Reticulin

No abstract available.
Meningitis*

Rett syndrome is progressive neurodegenerative disorder in female patients, characterized by autistic behavior, mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movement, breathing dysfunction, severely impaired language, ataxia, and seizure. The diagnosis of Rett syndrome is based on its characteristic clinical manifestation and course. The electroencephalographic (EEG) findings of Rett syndrome are nonspecific, but a progressive deterioration in the EEG, characterized by a slowing of background activity and spike sharp wave discharges, may be observed. We experienced one case of Rett syndrome in a 5 year old girl having mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movements (clapping, washing, hand-to-mouth), breathing dysfunction (hyperventilation/apnea). Her EEG findings on Video-EEG monitoring are excessive slowing waves during awake state and frequent spike discharges from left or centrotemporal area during sleeping. We report a case of Rett syndrome with brief review of related literatures.
Ataxia ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Respiration ; Rett Syndrome* ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of breast arterial calcification in Korean women, and to determine its association with systemic diseases and carotid arterial atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand seven hundred and thirteen female subjects who underwent mammography at a health care center between May 1999 and May 2000 were included in this study. Of the total, 172 were found to have breast arterial calcification, and were classified according to age. The coincidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was examined in both the subject group and the control group selected on the same age basis. To investigate the presence and degree of carotid atherosclerosis, sonographic maging was performed and the findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of breast arterial calcification showed statistically significant differences according to age, with a higher incidence in older patients (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus between groups. Carotid atherosclerosis was subjects more prevalent among subjects than in the control group (p<0.05), though there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of luminal stenosis. CONCLUSION: The most common pathologic cause of breast arterial calcification is arteriosclerosis. Breast arterial calcification is demonstrated at mammography, along with other clinical risk factors for atherosclerosis or coincidental neurologic symptoms. We stress that further evaluation of the carotid artery is necessary.
Arteriosclerosis ; Atherosclerosis* ; Breast* ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Mammography ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Phenobarbital ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Failure to Thrive*

Forty cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were examined immunohistochemically for expression of TGF-beta and angiogenesis in order to analyze significant correlation with prognostic parameters including tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. The TGF-beta expression was observed in tumors center and advancing edges of tumors. To determine microvessel density for angiogenesis, we stained endothelial cells for Factor VIII related antigen and counted microvessel within tumor. The results were as follows: 1) The strong immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta and higher counts of microvessels were observed in advancing edges of tumors (p<0.05). 2) The TGF-beta expression in the advancing edges of tumors was closely related to clinical stage and presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). 3) The mean microvessel counts were significantly higher in tumors from patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and increased with increasing clinical stage (p<0.05). 4) The TGF-beta expression was not related to histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status(p>0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that the TGF-beta expression and angiogenesis in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast may play an important part in prognostic factors, closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.
Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: Total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) with various kinds of sedatives and synthetic analgesics has many advantages such as no air pollution, no hepatic or renal toxicity and good postoperative pain relief compared with inhalation anesthesia. METHODS: TIVA with fentanyl and propofol was applied to the 25 patients in ASA class I and II. The changes of hemodynamics, arterial blood gas, blood sugar level, hepatorenal function and complications were evaluated perioperatively. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure decreased after induction, but intraoperatively systolic blood pressure became preoperative value while mean arterial pressure increased compared with preoperative value. Heart rate increased after induction and intraoperatively. At recovery room there were no clinically significant changes in the data of arterial blood gas. The blood sugar level slightly increased during postoperative period. There were no clinically significant changes in hepatic or renal function test of postoperative 3rd day compared with preoperative one. The chief complications of TIVA during anesthesia were pain on injection site and slight movement, while nausea or vomiting, dizziness and urinary retention were the major complications at postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: TIVA with fentanyl and propofol is considered to have good controllability and it can be applied as one of the general anesthesia methods in the case of contraindications to N2O and volatile anesthetics, but further study will be required to quantify the appropriate dosage of propofol or fentanyl to minimize perioperative hemodynamic change and respiratory depression.
Air Pollution ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Period ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting