Authors retrospectively analysed the diagnostic values of oblique tomography of hilum over simple chest PA &AP tomography in 129 cases at Seoul National University Hospital during 3yrs from may 1979 to may 1982. Theresults are as follows; 1. Among 129 cases, 42 cases were lung cancer, 24 cases were tuberculosis, 22 cases wereprominent pulmonary artery, 10 cases were metastasis, & etc. 2. In 42 cases of lung cancer. 1) Diagnostic accuracyof oblique tomography in the evaluation of hilar lymphadenopathy was 92%, that of AP tomography & simple chest PAwere 67% & 54% respectively. 2) Diagnotic accuracy of oblique tomography in the evaluation of endobronchial lesionwas 95%, that of AP tomography & simple chest PA were 24% 14% respectively. 3. It is suggested that in lung cancerif there is no evidence of hilar enlargement in simple X-ray, 55degrees oblique tomography is recommended forevaluation of hilum, or if hilar enlargement is shown in simple X-ray, then AP tomography or CT is recommended forevaluation of mediastinum.
Lung Neoplasms ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the social functioning between schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine and those with typical antipsychotics. METHODS: Fifty-seven schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation entered consecutively to olanzapine treatment (N=33) or typical antipsychotic treatment (N=24). The assessment of social functioning and symptoms were made at 3 time points:at the time of admission (baseline), 6 months and 12 months after starting medications. Social functioning and symptoms were examined using the Korean version of Social Adjustment Scale II-Revised Version (KSAS II-RV) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: After 6-months and 12-months treatments, olanzapine treatment group showed significantly improved PANSS total scores (p=.02), positive scores (p=.04), negative scores (p=.01), and KSAS II-RV total score (p=.004), instrumental role (p=.002), social leisure (p=.03), personal well-being subarea scores (p=.02), compared with the scores of typical antipsychotic treatment group. CONCLUSION: Olanzapine was more effective than typical antipsychotics in reducing the severity of psychopathology and in improving some subareas of social functionings in patients with schizophrenia. The benefits of olanzapine on social functioning, although modest, may be important factor considering their accumulative effects for long-term treatment.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia* ; Social Adjustment

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the social functioning between schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine and those with typical antipsychotics. METHODS: Fifty-seven schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation entered consecutively to olanzapine treatment (N=33) or typical antipsychotic treatment (N=24). The assessment of social functioning and symptoms were made at 3 time points:at the time of admission (baseline), 6 months and 12 months after starting medications. Social functioning and symptoms were examined using the Korean version of Social Adjustment Scale II-Revised Version (KSAS II-RV) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: After 6-months and 12-months treatments, olanzapine treatment group showed significantly improved PANSS total scores (p=.02), positive scores (p=.04), negative scores (p=.01), and KSAS II-RV total score (p=.004), instrumental role (p=.002), social leisure (p=.03), personal well-being subarea scores (p=.02), compared with the scores of typical antipsychotic treatment group. CONCLUSION: Olanzapine was more effective than typical antipsychotics in reducing the severity of psychopathology and in improving some subareas of social functionings in patients with schizophrenia. The benefits of olanzapine on social functioning, although modest, may be important factor considering their accumulative effects for long-term treatment.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia* ; Social Adjustment

BACKGROUND: The classical treatment of the cervical cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. Even though the improvement of treatment successful rate, conventional therapy has some limitations. Recent cutting edge of cancer therapy has been developed in gene level including understand the biological characteristics of the cancer cells, enhance the human immune response, suppress the cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the gene therapy is proposed to new treatment strategy. PURPOSE: The transfection efficiency of cervical cancer cell lines and cervical cancer cell line xerografted nude mouse was investigated by transfection of liposome and infection of adenovirus mediated suppressor(p53) and reportor(LacZ) gene. METHOD: The cervical cancer cell lines was used in this study were CaSki, SiHa (HPV16 positive, wild type p53 gene), HeLa, HelaS3(HPV18 positive, wild type p53 gene) and C33A, HT3(HPV negative, mutant p53). Direct plasmide and AdCMVp53 gene transfection was performed by using liposome system (pRcCMVLacZ / lipofectin, FuGene 6, Ca-phosphate). LacZ gene was used as the reportor gene for the transfection efficiency evaluation. Expression of p53 in cell lines and tumor tissue was confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Xenografted nude mouse of SiHa cell line was infected by AdCMVp53 and AdCMVLacZ. Transfection efficiency was observed by same as above. RESULTS: In cervical cancer cell lines, gene transfection using liposome system(pRcCMVLacZ/lipofectin, FuGene 6, Ca-phosphate)revealed different transfection efficiency, especially pRcCMVLacZ in Fugene 6 showed 18-40% of high transfection efficiency in 6 cervical cancer cell lines by X-gal staining and AdCMVp53 showed 95-98% of the high transfection efficiency in HeLa, C33A. AdCMVp53 was significantly expressed at 2-5days after injection xenografted nude mouse on the western blot and transfection efficiency was 19.79+/-5.36, 26.26+/-11.69, 14.77+/-3.98,15.99+/-6.43%(day1-5). AdCMVLacZ were found to immuno- histochemistry analysis, in vivo transfection efficiency was 61.26+/-4.66,59.63+/-9.12, 29.46+/-14.33, 31.73+/- 22.64%(day 1-5) atx200 and 88.65+/-8.65, 70.85+/-20.94, 40.75+/-25.44, 48.21+/-10.97% (day 1-5) atx400. CONCLUSION: As a results, adenovirus-mediated transfection efficiency was higher in vivo experiment compared to cell lines. These high efficiency of adenovirus-mediated suppressor gene(p53) could become a significant meaningful data gene therapy strategy both transgenic mice and cervical cancer cell lines.
Adenoviridae* ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Therapy ; Genes, p53* ; Genetic Therapy ; Heterografts* ; Humans* ; Lac Operon ; Liposomes ; Mice ; Mice, Nude* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plasmids ; Population Characteristics ; Radiotherapy ; Transfection* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To eliminate the potential problem of adenovirus contamination during recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector production, we investigated new rAAV production method by a triple transfection of vector plasmid, packaging plasmid, and adenovirus helper plasmid. METHODS: This study was carried by triple transfection for the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector. This new production system was conducted with a plasmid construct which contained a mini-adenovirus genome capable of propagation of rAAV in the presence of adeno-assoceated viral rep and cap genes. To examine the helper functions of adenoviral plasmid on the production of rAAV vector, we carried out cotransfection with three plasmids, AAV vector, packaging construct, and adenovirus helper plasmids. The optimized plasmid quantity of transfection by calcium phosphate precipitation method was 25 micro gram of total plasmid DNA per 10 cm diameter plate of 293 cell. RESULTS: We found that rAAV yields peaked at 48 hr after Ad infection. The titer of rAAV was measured by the dot blot analysis to measure the number of particles/mL based on the quantification of viral DNA. CONCLUSION: We constructed recombinant AAVp53 without adenovirus contamination. We thought that we construct high titer rAAVp53 particle through HPLC column in the near future.
Adenoviridae ; Calcium ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dependovirus* ; DNA ; DNA, Viral ; Genetic Therapy* ; Genome ; Humans* ; Plasmids ; Product Packaging ; Transfection ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: Adeno associated virus (AAV) is a human DNA virus and is included in the Parvovirus family. AAV has been detected in cervical tissues as well as cervical cancer cell lines. Previous studies showed that AAV infection has some negative effects on HPV infection and that the cervical cancer cell growth is inhibited by AAV infection. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of AAV 2 infection and its possible roles for influencing HPV 16 and 18 infection in Korean women by analyzing adjacent normal, CIN, and invasive cervical cancer tissue samples. METHODS: CIN I (20), CIN II (24), CIN III (25), invasive cervical cancer (23) tissues were investigated by microdissection and PCR analyses using primers of HPV 16, 18 and AAV 2 as well as beta- globin as an internal control. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 57 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 55% (11/20), 95.8% (23/24), 52% (13/25) and 52.2% (12/23), respectively. However, HPV 16 was detected in 14 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 8.3% (2/24), 24% (6/25) and 26.1% (6/23), respectively. HPV 18 was detected in 3 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 4.2% (1/24), 8% (2/25) and 0% (0/23), respectively. In contrast, In 92 perilesional normal biopsies, AAV 2, HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected to be 57.6% (53/92), 3.3% (3/92) and 0% (0/92), respectively. CONCLUSION: AAV 2 was detected in CIN and invasive cervical cancer biopsies by microdissection and PCR analyses in Korean women. It is difficult to confirm any significant roles of AAV 2 infection for developing cervical cancer. However, we observe that there is some correlation between AAV 2 and HPV infection in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Further research remains to be done to further elucidate AAV 2 infection and its role for HPV infection and cervical cancer.
Biopsy* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; Dependovirus* ; DNA Viruses ; Female ; Globins ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Microdissection* ; Papilloma* ; Parvovirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Satellite Viruses ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

In addition to age, white cell count and immunophenotype, karyotype has been reported to be one of the important prognostic factors in acute lymphocytic leukemias.Furthermore 70 percent of patients with acute B lymphocytic leukemia presented chromosomal abnormalities, which is known to have a close relationship with the prognosis. Among the abnormalities, triploid is rare and known to have the worse prognosis. Structural chromosomal abnormality of the 11q23 band is more common in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia and has been rarely reported in adult lymphocytic leukemia. We present a case of a 29 year - old male patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia, who had triploid and chromosomal translocation including 11q23 band along with the review of related literature.
Adult* ; Cell Count ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, B-Cell ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Translocation, Genetic ; Triploidy

Background/Aims: We evaluated the feasibility and long-term efficacy of the combination of cytarabine, idarubicin, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for treating patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods: We included 87 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and a t(15;17) or promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARα) mutation. Patients received 12 mg/m2/day idarubicin intravenously for 3 days and 100 mg/m2/day cytarabine for 7 days, plus 45 mg/m2/day ATRA. Clinical outcomes included complete remission (CR), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and the secondary malignancy incidence during a 20-year follow-up. Results: The CR, 10-year RFS, and 10-year OS rates were 89.7%, 94.1%, and 73.8%, respectively, for all patients. The 10-year OS rate was 100% for patients that achieved CR. Subjects were classified according to the white blood cell (WBC) count in peripheral blood at diagnosis (low-risk, WBC < 10,000/mm3; high-risk, WBC ≥ 10,000/mm3). The low-risk group had significantly higher RFS and OS rates than the high-risk group, but the outcomes were not superior to the current standard treatment (arsenic trioxide plus ATRA). Toxicities were similar to those observed with anthracycline plus ATRA, and higher than those observed with arsenic trioxide plus ATRA. The secondary malignancy incidence after APL treatment was 2.7%, among the 75 patients that achieved CR, and 5.0% among the 40 patients that survived more than 5 years after the APL diagnosis. Conclusions Adding cytarabine to anthracycline plus ATRA was not inferior to anthracycline plus ATRA alone, but it was not comparable to arsenic trioxide plus ATRA. The probability of secondary malignancy was low.