Sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocations are considered a very uncommon, and type of injury where if esophagus or airway injury occurs behind the clavicle, it poses a high risk to the patient. In addition, if epiphyseal fracture occurs as a result of the sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation, surgical treatment is often required. However, in the absence of a complete ossification of the clavicle, it is difficult to differentiate between a simple dislocation and epiphyseal fracture-dislocation solely based on simple radiographs or computed tomography scans. In this case report, the authors present a case in which a sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation was diagnosed in a 14-year-old male athlete. The case report discusses how the posterior dislocation without epiphyseal fracture was diagnosed using an ultrasound and subsequently treated with successful outcomes using manual reduction. The case report presents our findings along with discussion that includes a literature review of relevant research.
Adolescent* ; Athletes ; Clavicle ; Dislocations* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Male ; Sternoclavicular Joint* ; Ultrasonography*

Several observation suggest that the antimelanocyte autoantibodies could play a role in melanocyte destruction. Some experiments indicate that melanocyte antibodies from patients with vitiligo can kill melanocyte in vitro. In these experiments, we demonstrated that vitiligo patient's sera containing antimelanocyte antibodies can lyse cultured human melanocytes by complement activation. Melanocyte cytotoxicity was measured using the ethidium bromide/ acridine orange viability assay. Significant melanocyte cytotoxicity was seen in sera from patients with both active and inactive vitiligo(p<0.01). Melanocyte cytotoxicity measured with complement-mediated cytotoxicity decreased after systemic steroid treatment(p<0.05) ; however melanocyte cytotoxicity showed no significant change with systemic PUVA therapy.
Acridine Orange ; Antibodies ; Autoantibodies* ; Complement Activation ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; PUVA Therapy ; Vitiligo*

PURPOSE: A clinical review was performed to evaluate the importance and effectiveness of early nephrectomy & the result of short-term chemotherapy on unilateral, nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys. METHODS: Retrospective study was made on 34 patients with nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys who underwent nephrectomy from February 1986 to December 1998. All patients were evaluated by annual frequency, age, sex and site distribution, presenting symptoms, tuberculous lesion on organs other than kidney, cystoscopic finding, urinalysis and urine AFB smear & culture, urine Tb-PCR, CBC & ESR finding, perioperative morbidity and mortality, treatment distribution(Group 1 and 2) and drug toxicity. RESULTS: In pathologic findings of the 39 cases in which nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys were suspected, 5 cases had no evidence of tuberculosis. Those were xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis(2 cases), chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis(2 cases) and complicated multilocular cyst(1 case). Coexisting renal cell carcinoma was found in 1 case. 4 cases(11.7%) were hypertensive at the time of presentation and 3 cases of them had a decrease in blood pressure after nephrectomy. 7 cases(20.5%) had febrile symptom, 5 cases of them had renal & perirenal abscess(4 cases) and cutaneous fistula(1 case). No perioperative mortality occurred and perioperative complications(sinus arrhythmia, wound infection, wound dehiscence, ileus) were in 5 cases(14.7 %). There was no evidence of recurrence during follow-up periods(Follow-up mean periods : 18.5 months). CONCLUSION: Early nephrectomy is an effective treatment in the comprehensive management of the unilateral, nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys, for accurate diagnosis, removal of infection focus, early control of presenting symptoms and prevention of tuberculosis recurrence. And this should be followed by postoperative, acceptable short-term antitubercul ous chemotherapy.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy* ; Pyelonephritis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Urinalysis ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVE: To report the pregnancy which was made by in vitro fertilization using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: Six oocytes were retrieved and all were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Six embryos were transferred and the pregnancy was confirmed. CONCLUSION: It is envisaged that the availability of recombinant gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists will ultimately lead to shorter, cheaper and safer treatments, using reduced dosages.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: It is reported by rnany t,hat UVB and large coses of UVA damage epidermal Langerhans cells. UVA irradiated skin produces reactive oxygen soecies such as superoxide anion(O ), hydrogen peroxide(H O), hydroxyl radical( OH) and singlet oxigen(O ). Reactive oxygen species such as O are invnlved in the process of decreasing the number if epidermal Langerhans cells after irradiation with UVB. However, no well established studies have been carried out after irradiation with UVA. OBJECTIVES: We wished to find out whether the UVA-induced decrease in the number of Ia Langerhans cells would be protected by scavengers of reactive oxiygen species. METHODS: We irradiated 200J/cm and 400J/cm of UVA on thi ears of C3H mice with or without intravenous injectior. of SOD, catalase, and sodium azide which are the scavengers of O , HO and O, respectively. We biopsied the ears of mice 2 days after irradiaion, stained them with immunope-roxidase technique, and counted the number of Langerhans cells. RESULTS: 1, There was significant decrease in the number of Ia Langerhans cells in the 200J/cm or 400J/cm of UVA irradiated group compared to the normal control group. 2. The pretreatment groups with SOD, catalase, and sodium to before irradiation with 200J/cm or 400J/cm of UVA showed less decrease in the number of la Langerhans cells compared to the 200J/cm or 400J/cm irradiated group with UVA only. CONCLUSION: Frorn the above result, we can deduce that reactive oxygen species are involved in the decrease in the number of Ia Langerhans cells induced by 200J/cm. or 400J/cm of UVA irradiation.
Animals ; Catalase ; Ear ; Hydrogen ; Langerhans Cells* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Skin* ; Sodium ; Sodium Azide ; Superoxides

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward death according to personality types and to suggest the need to develop related hospice programs. METHODS: Personality types were identified by the Korean version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form G. A questionnaire with 26 five-point Likert items was used to survey participants' attitudes toward death. RESULTS: The ESFP personality type was most common (20%) among available 100 participants. Significant differences were observed in the attitudes towards death preparation according to personality type s. Participants with personality preference types E, T and J showed positive attitudes (P<0.05) toward death, but no significant differences were shown based on the SN index. CONCLUSION: The attitudes toward death differed by personality types. Therefore, this study points to the need to develop diverse hospice programs based on the personality types.
Hospice Care ; Personality Inventory ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Technology for the long-term preservation of gamete and embryo has improved greatly over the past 20 years and currently is used for supporting various assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Recent progress in cryobiology and its related sciences have made it possible to preserve human embryos effectively, and several cryopreservation methods also have been developed. Successful freezing of supernumerary embryos has allowed patients undergoing ART the opportunity to achieve pregnancies from more than one embryo transfer without being subjected to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval each time. It also allows a delay in embryo transfer where certain adverse conditions exist for fresh transfer, e.g. when the patient is at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or when there is poor endometrial development during the retrieval cycle. Cryopreservation of all available embryos from retrieval is utilized when an oocyte recipient is not properly synchronized with oocyte donor's cycle. In this paper is to review the current status and perspectives of embryo cryopreservation in ART program. Also, briefly discuss the oocyte cryopreservation for the establishment of ovum bank.
Cryopreservation* ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

Due to the instability of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, various methods of reduction and fixation were introduced to obtain stable reduction and solid union, But there have been many controversies regarding advantages between anatomical reduction group and non-anatomical reduction group. The authors analyzed the 68 unstable intertrochanteric fractures out of total 94 cases of intertrochanteric fractures treated from Jan. 1988 to Jan. 1994 with mean follow-up 17 months and evaluated the radiologic and clinical results between those two groups. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The most common cause was low energy injury and according to the Tronzo classification, the type III was most common in 54 cases (79.4%). 2. The average union time was 14.0wks (84%), the union rate was low in the medialized reduction group(A-P) and anterior displaced reduction group(A-P), anterior displaced and anatomical reduction groups(Lateral). 3. The compression length more than 10mm of lag screw was deep in medialized reduction group(A-P), another displaced and anatomical reduction groups(Lateral). 4. The average length of lag screw sliding was 9.2mm and depth sliding of 6.8mm (74%) was occurred within immediate postoperative 1 month.
Aged ; Classification ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans

Fractures involving both tibial plataeus result form high energy trauma such as a traffic accidents or falls, and it is frequently accompanied by soft tissue injuries. Thus it is very difficult to treat these fractures satisfactorily and severe complications can be caused. The purpose of study is to analyze the clinical results, complication and factors influencing the results after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial bicondylar fractures. Twenty cases(19 patients) of tibial bicondylar fractures which had been treated by open reduction and internal fixation from January 1989 to December 1994 were analyzed after 1 to 5 years follow-up. The results were as follows. 1. By AO classification, the most common type was C3(13 cases). 2. According to Blokker's criteria, 5 cases was unsatisfactory and all of these cases were C3. 3. Unsatisfactory results were 3 cases of reduction loss(angular deformity), one case of deep infection and one case of unresolved peroneal nerve palsy. 4. Tibial tubercle osteotomy, bone graft and medial buttress plate were important for anatomical reduction and maintenance.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Osteotomy ; Paralysis ; Peroneal Nerve ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Transplants

Congenital fibrosarcoma of neonate is a very rare malignant tumor prone to behave aggressively with a tendency to local recurrence without metastasis. It is characteristically composed of collagenous fibroblasts and herringbone pattern in histology. We experienced a case of congenital fibrosarcoma on the left thigh and report this case with some review in literature with 1½ year follow up.
Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosarcoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Thigh