No abstract available.
Hematuria* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

We report two cases of ectopic epididymal ducts and efferent ductules in the testicular appendices (TAs) of adult men with normally descended testes. In both cases, a sessile TA was incidentally found at the upper pole of the right testis during the scrotal hydrocelectomy. Microscopically, a few closely arranged tubules were detected within the TA. In the first case, the tubules were lined with a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with numerous, long microvilli, and were surrounded by a smooth muscle coat. In contrast, in the second case, the tubules had a wavy luminal surface, because ciliated columnar cells alternated with groups of cuboidal cells. In both cases, strong CD10 immunoreactivity was observed in the luminal border of the lining epithelium. Surgical pathologists should be aware of the presence of both ectopic epididymal ducts and efferent ductules that can occur in TAs, in order to avoid misinterpretation as transected, functional reproductive structures.
Adult ; Choristoma ; Epididymis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvilli ; Muscle, Smooth ; Parovarian Cyst ; Phenobarbital ; Testis ; Wolffian Ducts

Between May, 1987 and July, 1991, 27 renal staghorn calculi were treated with EDAP LT-01 extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor as monotherapy. Of the staghorn calculi 18 were complete and 9 incomplete staghorn. Of the patients 5 had urinary tract infection before treatment. Stone size in longest diameter was up to 4cm in 37.0% of the cases, 4 to 9cm in 59.2% and longer than 9cm in 3.7%, including complete or partial staghorn stones. Complete response rate was 59.3%, including complete staghorn in 44.4 % and partial staghorn in 14.8%. In the complete response cases, the number of shocks used varied from storage 60 to storage 2770 at 5/sec frequency, 100% adjust power. Complete response rate was not related with hydronephrosis, size of stones and configuration or the stones, but it was related with chemical composition of the stone. In the cases of struvite stones, they needed fewer number of shocks than any other composition for complete response. Of the stones 25.9 % were treated after double-J stents were inserted. Over aI1 25.9% of the patients needed ancillary measures, including ureteroscopic removal in 11.1%, repeated ESWL for steinstrasse in 11.9% and litholapaxy in 3.7%. Of the cases 11 developed post treatment fever and they were treated with antibiotics without clinical problems, therefore urinary tract infection is no longer contraindication of ESWL. The ESWL monotherapy is one of the recommendable treatment method for staghorn calculi.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Calculi ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney Calculi* ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Stents ; Urinary Tract Infections

Acute pyelonephritis is a common disease, the clinical signs and symptoms of which have been well known for many years. Clinical observation was made from 342 cases of adult with acute pyelonephritis in the department of urology and internal medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, from March 1986 to February 1992. Intravenous pyelography(I.V.P.) and Voiding cystourethrography(V.C.U.G.) had very little diagnostic value as well as predictive value of prognosis and complication in adult with acute pyelonephritis. But there was screening value in male patients and female patients who had combined urinary tract anomaly or disease. The most common causative organism was E. coli(81.1%). In drug sensitivity test, nearly all Gram negative organisms were resistant to Ampicillin, which previousely was mainly used to acute pyelonephritis. Gentamicin resistant organisms are still being relatively increased. Amikacin and Quinolone derivatives were very sensitive drug to all Gram negative organism.
Adult* ; Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prognosis ; Pyelonephritis* ; Urinary Tract ; Urology

The KFDA (Korea Food & Drug Administration) has performed a collaborative toxicogenomics project since 2003. Its aim is to construct a toxicology database of 12 compounds administered to mice at initial phase. We chose 6-MP (6-mercaptopurine) which has been used in the treatment of childhood leukemia. It was administered at low (0.224 mg/kg) and at high (2.24 mg/kg) dose (5 mice per group) intraperitonealy to the postnatal 6 weeks mice, then the serum and liver were collected at the indicated time (6, 24 and 72 h) after scarification. Serum biochemical markers for liver toxicity were measured and histopathologic studies also were carried out. The gene expression profiling was carried out by using Applied Biosystems 1700 Full Genome Expression Mouse. By self-organization maps (SOM), we identified groups with unique gene expression patterns, some of them are supposed to be related to 6-MP induced toxicity, including lipid metabolism abnormality, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, ATP depletion and cell death. The potential toxic effects appearing as gene expression changes are dependent of the time of 6-MP but independent of the dosage of it. This study would contribute to establishment of international database as well as national one about hepatotoxicity.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Gene Expression Profiling* ; Gene Expression* ; Genome ; Leukemia ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver* ; Mice ; Microarray Analysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Toxicogenetics ; Toxicology ; Biomarkers

Binding of clathrin assembly protein to clathrin triskelia induces their assembly into clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) in neurons. The clathrin assembly protein gene (rCALM) was cloned from rat brain cDNA library. rCALM deduced 69 kD molecule has overall 73% amino acid homology compared with that of AP180 protein. The N-terminal domain, where amino acid sequences are very similar with AP180, harbours binding sites for clathrin and inositides, as well as possible phosphorylation sites, but the proline rich C-terminal domain is different from that of AP180. The mRNA expression of rCALM and AP180 by in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the rCALM mRNA was more intensely expressed than that of AP180, and the distribution patterns were different from each other. These results suggest that the rCALM mediates the assembly of clathrin in neural and supporting cells of brain, and regulates the clathrin coated-vesicle formation through phosphorylation and inositide metabolism. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Age Factors ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal ; Base Sequence ; Brain/physiology* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics* ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Nuchal fibroma (NF) is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor of the posterior neck, but can also occur extranuchally. Usually, it is a slow-growing, asymptomatic solitary mass that occurs more frequently in middle-aged males. Histologically, hypocellular dense collagens in the dermis and subcutaneous layer are characteristic. Careful total excision is necessary for the treatment and accurate diagnosis. We report an unusual case of a NF occurring at the lateral neck deeply under platysma muscle. This lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses arising in the posterior neck or rarely in the lateral neck as in our case, especially when the diagnosis is not definite.
Collagen ; Dermis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroma ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Neck

Urethral diverticulum is a relatively uncommon abnormality for a man. We report here on a case of acquired anterior urethral diverticulum with giant calculi and cutaneous fistula in a 64-years old male patient who had suffered from urethritis 10 years previously. Retrograde urethrography and urethroscopy confirmed the anterior urethral diverticulum with giant calculi, and these procedures ruled out the presence of any associated obstructive urethral anomalies. We performed urethral diverticulectomy, with removal of the calculi, and then we performed urethroplasty.
Calculi* ; Cutaneous Fistula* ; Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Male* ; Middle Aged ; Urethra ; Urethritis

PURPOSE: Recent studies have supported the important role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in various cancers derived from epithelial cell, such as the gastrointestinal tract, breast, head, and neck. In this case-control study, the clinical significance of COX-2 expression was investigated in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor samples were obtained from 43 bladders of TCC patients undergoing either transurethral resection (TUR) or radical cystectomy. Normal bladder tissues were also acquired from 50 age- and sex-matched patients without bladder cancer, mainly in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Paraffin sections were assessed with immunohistochemistry using the anti-human COX-2 monoclonal antibody. COX-2 expression was graded on a scale of 0-3+ according to the intensity and rate of immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: COX-2 was expressed in 42 of 43 (97.7%) in human TCCs of the urinary bladder but not in all normal bladder tissues (p<0.001). COX-2 expression was significantly higher in invasive tumors than in superficial TCCs (p=0.038). Additionally, COX-2 expression had a significant correlation with the tumor stage (p=0.016), but not with the tumor grade (p=0.169). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that COX-2 was expressed in human TCCs of the urinary bladder, and its expression was highly correlated to the tumor stage. These results support the possibility that COX-2 might play an important role in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of human TCCs of the urinary bladder.
Breast ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Cystectomy ; Epithelial Cells ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Head ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neck ; Paraffin ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Study was done on the lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) associated with the benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) in the community based populations in Chungbuk province, and correlation among these symptoms, age, prostate volume, and flow rate was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All men(764 men) living in Chungbuk province in Korea were invited to undergo measurements of peak flow rate, TRUS and to complete symptom scores and previously validated lifestyle questionnaire. RESULTS: Moderate to severe symptoms(symptom scores 8 or more) were found in 348 of our 695 samples(50.1%). A good correlation was observed between the total symptom score and quality of life questionnaire(r=0.68, P<0.001). The IPSS was weakly correlated with age(r=0.372, P<0.001) or peak flow rate(r=-0.27, P<0.001). Additional aim of this study was to determine the relative impact on the prevalence rates of the inclusion of these different parameters in the case definition of BPH. The highest overall prevalence of 27.7%(Chi-square 18.62, P<0.001) occurred using the definition that combined a prostate volume >20 cm3, and IPSS > or =8, while the lowest prevalence rate of 7.64%(Chi-square 32.03, P<0.001) occurred with the definition that combined a prostate volume >20 cm3, an IPSS > or =8, peak flow rate < or =10 ml/s, and urine volume >100 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the prevalence rates depended very much on the parameters used in case definition. Follow-up would establish the necessity of a work-up request and treatment for BPH and help determine the best clinical definition of BPH.
Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Korea ; Life Style ; Prevalence* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Tract