No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

No abstract available.
Mortality* ; Tooth Loss* ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is an important treatment modality in children with hydrocephalus. VP shunt infection is a major complication and an important factor that determines the surgery outcome. This 15-year study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients treated at our center. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in patients 18 years old or younger who underwent VP shunt insertion surgery from April 1995 to June 2010. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven VP shunt surgeries were performed in a total of 190 pediatric patients (83 females, 107 males). The median age of the patients was 2.4 years (range, 0.02-17.9 years). Having a malignant brain tumor was the most frequent cause for VP shunt insertion. The shunt infection rate was 6.7% (22/327) per 100 operations and 9.5% (18/190) per 100 patients, and the incidence rate was 0.45 infection cases per 100 shunt operations-year. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=7) followed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=1). Ten cases were treated with vancomycin and beta-lactam antibiotic (cephalosporin or carbapenem) combination therapy and 7 cases were treated with vancomycin monotherapy. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 26 days (range, 7 to 58 days). Surgical intervention was performed in 18 cases (18/22, 81.8%). CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic information regarding VP shunt infections in pediatric patients is valuable that will help guide proper antibiotic management. Additional studies on the risk factors for developing VP shunt infections are also warranted.
Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vancomycin ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee*

The authors regret that there were errors in the article. The errors were in one co-author's affiliation and funding source.

No abstract available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides*

Chicken calvarial bone is known to contain various cell types, but their exact composition is unknown. By characterizing the chicken calvarial bone biochemically, it can be used to study biochemical, histochemical actions of bone cells in general. Calvaria of I8-day-old white leg horn embryo was aseptically dissected and bone cell populations were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion. Histochemical study for osteoclast-like bone cell population was performed with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain and for osteoblast-like bone cell population, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stain was performed. Biochemical study for osteoblast-like bone cell population was performed using alkaline phosphatasetal.P) assay. Following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. TRAP positive multi and mononuclear cells were mostly observed in group I and II, indicating that osteoclast-like bone cell population is mostly found in these groups. 2. All the cultured groups showed almost equal ALP activities and were positive for ALP stain, indicating that osteoblast-like bone cell population is evenly dispersed in all culture groups. 3. Experimental group treated with I,25(OH)2D3 showed increase in ALP activity in contrast to the control group, confirming previous studies that I,25(OH)2D3 increases ALP activities in vitro bone cultures. 4. Results from von Kassa's stain indicated that in vitro bone formation had occured after 3 weeks of culture with beta glycero phosphate.
Animals ; Chickens ; Digestion ; Embryonic Structures ; Horns ; Leg ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Skull

Rheumatoid arthritis can result in progressive deformity of the forefoot, which leads to marked limitation in shoe wear, significant pain, and substantial diminution in standing and walking ability. Twenty feet of seventeen patients with severe forefoot deformities underwent surgical correction hy means of first metatarso-phalangeal arthrodesis and resection arthroplasties of the lesser M-P joints from May, I 994 to March, l996. The results were as follows; l. Suhjective improvement in pain, standing and walking ability, and shoe wear was excellent in fifteen (7~5%) feet, good in three (l5%), fair in one (5%), and poor in one (5%) foot. 2. The average hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1st intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were improved from 46.7 and 13.7 to 11. 1 and 8.2 degree individuaIly. 3. The average angle of dorsiflexion after the first metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint arthrodesis was 12.9 degree. 4. Complications of the procedures were minimal; three delayed wound healing, one non-displaced fracture of fusion site due to trauma, one malunion of the 1st MTP joint, one recurrence of the fibular deviation of the lesser toes.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Foot ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Joints ; Recurrence ; Shoes ; Toes ; Walking ; Wound Healing

Treatment of chronic localized osteomyelitis is the same as the other osteomyelitis, that is, curettage and debridement of all dead tissue which is called saucerization. After saucerization there leaves empty cavity and autogenous bone graft has been used for filling the cavity in lower extremity hecause of weight bearing and avoiding fracture. We treated seven cases of chronic localized osteomyelitis with one-staged saucerization and cancellous chip allograft and retrospective analysis was done. All healed without complication and no recurrence was ohserved. Most orthopaedic surgeons are not willing to use allograft on the site of osteomyelitis because of the fear of recurrence. But. we think that as far as complete removal of infected and dead tissue, allograft could he a good solution in terms of rapid remodelling and early weight hearing. Another advantages of allograft are to get a large amount of bone and no damage of iliac apophysis. In summary, one-staged saucerization and cancellous chip allograft would he very useful treatment for chronic localized osteomyelitis.
Allografts* ; Curettage ; Debridement ; Hearing ; Lower Extremity ; Osteomyelitis* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing