1.The dynamic change of arttificially demineralized enamel by degree of saturation of remineralization at pH 4.3.
Ji Sook YI ; Bung Duk ROH ; Su Jung SHIN ; Yoon LEE ; Hyung Kyu GONG ; Chan Young LEE
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2009;34(1):20-29
The purpose of this study is to observe and compare the dynamic change of artificially demineralized enamel by remineralization solutions of different degrees of saturation at pH 4.3. In this study, 30 enamel specimens were demineralized artificially by lactic acid buffered solution. Each of 10 specimens was immersed in pH 4.3 remineralization solution of three different degrees of saturation (0.22, 0.30, 0.35) for 10 days. After demineralization and remineralization, images were taken by a polarizing microscope (x 100). The density of lesion were determined from images taken after demineralization and remineralization. During remineralization process, mineral deposition and mineral loss occurred at the same time. After remineralization, total mineral amount and width of surface lesion increased in all groups. The higher degree of saturation was, the more mineral deposition occurred in surface lesion and the amount of mineral deposition was not much in subsurface lesion. Total demineralized depth increased in all groups.
Dental Enamel
;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
;
Lactic Acid
2.The remineralizing features of pH 5.5 solutions of different degree of saturations on artificially demineralized enamel.
Young Jun KWAK ; Eui Seoug KIM ; Sung Ho PARK ; Hyung Kyu GONG ; Yoon LEE ; Chan Young LEE
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2008;33(5):481-492
The purpose of this study is to observe and compare the remineralization tendencies of artificially demineralized enamel by remineralization solutions of different degree of saturations at pH 5.5, using a polarizing microscope and computer programs (Photoshop, Image pro plus, Scion Image, Excel). For this study, 36 sound permanent teeth with no signs of demineralization, cracks, or dental restorations were used. The specimens were immersed in lactic acid demineralization solution for 3 days in order to produce dental caries artificially that consist of surface and subsurface lesions. Each of 9 or 10 specimens was immersed in pH 5.5 lactic acid buffered remineralization solution of three different degrees of saturation (0.25, 0.30, 0.35) for 12 days. After the demineralization and remineralization, images were taken by a polarizing microscope (x 100). The results were obtained by observing images of the specimens, and using computer programs, the density of caries lesions were determined. In conclusion, in the group with the lowest degree of saturation, remineralization occurred thoroughly from the surface to the subsurface lesion, whereas in the groups with greater degree of saturation showed no significant change in the subsurface lesion, although there was corresponding increase in the remineralization width on the surface zones.
Dental Caries
;
Dental Enamel
;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
;
Lactic Acid
;
Software
;
Tooth
3.Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020
Kyoung JIN ; Yeon-Ja KOH ; Seong Kyu AHN ; Joonghee CHO ; Junghwan LIM ; Jaeyong SONG ; Jinyoung LEE ; Young Woo GONG ; Mun Ju KWON ; Hyung Wook KWON ; Young Yil BAHK ; Tong-Soo KIM
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2021;59(3):281-289
This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.
4.Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020
Kyoung JIN ; Yeon-Ja KOH ; Seong Kyu AHN ; Joonghee CHO ; Junghwan LIM ; Jaeyong SONG ; Jinyoung LEE ; Young Woo GONG ; Mun Ju KWON ; Hyung Wook KWON ; Young Yil BAHK ; Tong-Soo KIM
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2021;59(3):281-289
This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.
5.Effect of stellate ganglion block on laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.
Ji Won CHUNG ; Hye Jung CHUN ; Mi Soon LEE ; Ki Ryang AHN ; Chun Sook KIM ; Kyu Sik KANG ; Sie Hyeon YOO ; Jin Hun CHUNG ; Nan Seol KIM ; Yong Han SEO ; Hyung Youn GONG ; Yong Man LEE
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2013;64(5):439-442
BACKGROUND: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease has many symptoms such as globus pharyngeus, excessive throat clearing and hoarseness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in addition to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on LPR. METHODS: Fifty patients complaining of more than 3 typical LPR symptoms for over 3 months were enrolled in the study. The P group took PPI for 8 weeks. The SP group took PPI and interwent a series of 8 SGB procedure once a week during the period of treatment. The blocks were performed one at a time unilaterally on the right and left stellate ganglions by injecting 1% mepivacaine 6 ml. We evaluated the reflux symptom index (RSI) before treatment and following 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment in both groups. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the RSI of the P group decreased, but not significantly, to 16.6 +/- 6.8 compared with the baseline value of 19.2 +/- 2.7 (P = 0.093), whereas the RSI of the SP group decreased significantly to 9.8 +/- 3.3 compared with the baseline value of 19.0 +/- 4.7 (P = 0.000). After 8 weeks of treatment, the RSI of the P group decreased significantly to 13.7 +/- 6.7 (P = 0.001) and the RSI of the SP group also decreased significantly to 7.7 +/- 3.4 (P = 0.000). There were significant differences in the RSI between the two groups after 4 weeks (P = 0.000) and 8 weeks (P = 0.001) of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms of LPR improved earlier when PPI therapy was combined with SGB compared with PPI therapy alone.
Hoarseness
;
Humans
;
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
;
Mepivacaine
;
Pharynx
;
Proton Pump Inhibitors
;
Stellate Ganglion
6.Effect of intraperitoneal CO₂ concentration on postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Ji Won CHUNG ; Kyu Sik KANG ; Sang Hyun PARK ; Chun Sook KIM ; Jin Hun CHUNG ; Sie Hyeon YOO ; Nan Seol KIM ; Yong Han SEO ; Ho Soon JUNG ; Hea Rim CHUN ; Hyung Youn GONG ; Hae Il JUNG ; Sang Ho BAE ; Su Yeon PARK
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research 2017;93(4):181-185
PURPOSE: This study set out to identify the association between the intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations and postoperative pain by dividing the participants into a control group and 2 experimental groups receiving irrigation (1 L and 2 L), and directly measuring their intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations with a CO₂ gas detector. METHODS: A total of 101 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I and II patients aged 18–65 years were enrolled in the study. Group 1 did not receive irrigation with normal saline, while groups 2 and 3 were administered irrigation with 1 L and 2 L of normal saline, respectively, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations were measured with a CO₂ gas detector through the port, and postoperative pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale at 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations were 1,016.0 ± 960.3 ppm in group 1, 524.5 ± 383.2 ppm in group 2, and 362.2 ± 293.6 ppm in group 3, showing significantly lower concentrations in groups 2 and 3. Postoperative pain was significantly lower in group 3 at 6 hours after surgery, and in groups 2 and 3 at 12 hours after the surgery. However, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in postoperative pain 24 hours after the surgery. CONCLUSION: This study found a causal relationship between the amount of normal saline used for irrigation and the intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations in that irrigation with normal saline reduces pain on the day of the surgery.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*
;
Classification
;
Humans
;
Pain, Postoperative*
;
Saline Waters
7.A comparison of oxycodone and fentanyl in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Nan Seol KIM ; Kyu Sik KANG ; Sie Hyeon YOO ; Jin Hun CHUNG ; Ji Won CHUNG ; Yonghan SEO ; Ho Soon CHUNG ; Hye Rim JEON ; Hyung Youn GONG ; Hyun Young LEE ; Seong Taek MUN
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2015;68(3):261-266
BACKGROUND: We planned to compare the effect of intravenous oxycodone and fentanyl on post-operative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: We examined 60 patients were randomized to postoperative pain treatment with either oxycodone (n = 30, Group O) or fentanyl (n = 30, Group F). The patients received 10 mg oxycodone/100 microg fentanyl with ketorolac 30 mg before the end of anesthesia and then continued with patient-controlled analgesia for 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The accumulated oxycodone consumption was less than fentanyl during 8, 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Numeric rating score of Group O showed significantly lower than that of Group F during 30 min, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h postoperatively. The incidences of adverse reactions were similar in the two groups, though the incidence of nausea was higher in the Group O during the 24 and 48 h postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Oxycodone IV-PCA was more advantageous than fentanyl IV-PCA for laparoscopic hysterectomy in view of accumulated oxycodone consumption, pain control and cost beneficial effect. However, patient satisfaction was not good in the group O compared to group F.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled*
;
Anesthesia
;
Fentanyl*
;
Humans
;
Hysterectomy*
;
Incidence
;
Ketorolac
;
Nausea
;
Oxycodone*
;
Pain, Postoperative
;
Patient Satisfaction
;
Postoperative Period
8.2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Hye-Kyung JUNG ; Chung Hyun TAE ; Kyung Ho SONG ; Seung Joo KANG ; Jong Kyu PARK ; Eun Jeong GONG ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Hyun Chul LIM ; Sang Kil LEE ; Da Hyun JUNG ; Yoon Jin CHOI ; Seung In SEO ; Joon Sung KIM ; Jung Min LEE ; Beom Jin KIM ; Sun Hyung KANG ; Chan Hyuk PARK ; Suck Chei CHOI ; Joong Goo KWON ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Moo In PARK ; Tae Hee LEE ; Seung Young KIM ; Young Sin CHO ; Han Hong LEE ; Kee Wook JUNG ; Do Hoon KIM ; Hee Seok MOON ; Mi-Young CHOI ; Kwang Jae LEE ;
Korean Journal of Medicine 2022;97(2):70-92
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology. Recently the Lyon consensus defined the “proven GERD” with concrete evidence for reflux, including advanced grade erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification grades C and or D esophagitis), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal esophageal acid exposure time > 6% on 24-hour ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring. However, some Asian researchers have different opinions on whether the same standards should be applied to the Asian population. The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asia. The present evidence-based guidelines were developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In GERD with typical symptoms, a proton pump inhibitor test can be recommended as a sensitive, cost-effective, and practical test for GERD diagnosis. Based on a meta-analysis of 19 estimated acid-exposure time values in Asians, the reference range upper limit for esophageal acid exposure time was 3.2% (95% confidence interval 2.7-3.9%) in the Asian countries. Esophageal manometry and novel impedance measurements, including mucosal impedance and a post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave, are promising in discrimination of GERD among different reflux phenotypes, thus increasing its diagnostic yield. We also propose a long-term strategy of evidence-based GERD treatment with proton pump inhibitors and other drugs.
9.2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Hye-Kyung JUNG ; Chung Hyun TAE ; Kyung Ho SONG ; Seung Joo KANG ; Jong Kyu PARK ; Eun Jeong GONG ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Hyun Chul LIM ; Sang Kil LEE ; Da Hyun JUNG ; Yoon Jin CHOI ; Seung In SEO ; Joon Sung KIM ; Jung Min LEE ; Beom Jin KIM ; Sun Hyung KANG ; Chan Hyuk PARK ; Suck Chei CHOI ; Joong Goo KWON ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Moo In PARK ; Tae Hee LEE ; Seung Young KIM ; Young Sin CHO ; Han Hong LEE ; Kee Wook JUNG ; Do Hoon KIM ; Hee Seok MOON ; Hirota MIWA ; Chien-Lin CHEN ; Sutep GONLACHANVIT ; Uday C GHOSHAL ; Justin C Y WU ; Kewin T H SIAH ; Xiaohua HOU ; Tadayuki OSHIMA ; Mi-Young CHOI ; Kwang Jae LEE ; The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2021;27(4):453-481
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology. Recently the Lyon consensus defined the “proven GERD” with concrete evidence for reflux, including advanced grade erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification grades C and or D esophagitis), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal esophageal acid exposure time > 6% on 24-hour ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring. However, some Asian researchers have different opinions on whether the same standards should be applied to the Asian population. The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asia. The present evidence-based guidelines were developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In GERD with typical symptoms, a proton pump inhibitor test can be recommended as a sensitive, cost-effective, and practical test for GERD diagnosis.Based on a meta-analysis of 19 estimated acid-exposure time values in Asians, the reference range upper limit for esophageal acid exposure time was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.9%) in the Asian countries. Esophageal manometry and novel impedance measurements, including mucosal impedance and a post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave, are promising in discrimination of GERD among different reflux phenotypes, thus increasing its diagnostic yield. We also propose a long-term strategy of evidence-based GERD treatment with proton pump inhibitors and other drugs.
10.2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Hye-Kyung JUNG ; Chung Hyun TAE ; Kyung Ho SONG ; Seung Joo KANG ; Jong Kyu PARK ; Eun Jeong GONG ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Hyun Chul LIM ; Sang Kil LEE ; Da Hyun JUNG ; Yoon Jin CHOI ; Seung In SEO ; Joon Sung KIM ; Jung Min LEE ; Beom Jin KIM ; Sun Hyung KANG ; Chan Hyuk PARK ; Suck Chei CHOI ; Joong Goo KWON ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Moo In PARK ; Tae Hee LEE ; Seung Young KIM ; Young Sin CHO ; Han Hong LEE ; Kee Wook JUNG ; Do Hoon KIM ; Hee Seok MOON ; Hirota MIWA ; Chien-Lin CHEN ; Sutep GONLACHANVIT ; Uday C GHOSHAL ; Justin C Y WU ; Kewin T H SIAH ; Xiaohua HOU ; Tadayuki OSHIMA ; Mi-Young CHOI ; Kwang Jae LEE ; The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2021;27(4):453-481
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology. Recently the Lyon consensus defined the “proven GERD” with concrete evidence for reflux, including advanced grade erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification grades C and or D esophagitis), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal esophageal acid exposure time > 6% on 24-hour ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring. However, some Asian researchers have different opinions on whether the same standards should be applied to the Asian population. The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asia. The present evidence-based guidelines were developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In GERD with typical symptoms, a proton pump inhibitor test can be recommended as a sensitive, cost-effective, and practical test for GERD diagnosis.Based on a meta-analysis of 19 estimated acid-exposure time values in Asians, the reference range upper limit for esophageal acid exposure time was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.9%) in the Asian countries. Esophageal manometry and novel impedance measurements, including mucosal impedance and a post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave, are promising in discrimination of GERD among different reflux phenotypes, thus increasing its diagnostic yield. We also propose a long-term strategy of evidence-based GERD treatment with proton pump inhibitors and other drugs.