No abstract available.
Erythema*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Scleroderma, Localized*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Scleroderma, Localized*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris* ; Pityriasis*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify causative factors for cerebral white matter changes on MRI and relationship between cerebral white matter changes and cognitive function. METHODS: The patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology ward or visited to outpatient clinic at the Chungnam National University Hospital from September 1999 to July 2000 were selected. All patients underwent brain MRI with 1.5 T for determination of degree and distribution of cerebral white matter changes. The patients were evaluated their cognitive function with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), which has more extensive and detailed tool for fluency and memory domains of cognition compared with the MMSE. Statistical analyses were performed to identify whether there was difference in causative factors and cognitive status between patients with white matter change and patients without white matter changes. RESULTS: White matter changes were significantly more common in patients with hypertension and women. On correlation analyses, hypertension and aging were significantly related with cerebral white matter changes. General cognitive status in patients with white matter changes were worse than those of patients without white matter changes and of control group. Frontal lobe functions like fluency, attention, and visuo-constructive function were especially affected by white matter changes on the 3MS. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension, female sex and aging may contribute to the development of cerebral white matter changes. Cerebral white matter changes may be responsible for the general cognitive decline. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):471~477, 2001)
Aging ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neurology

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab compared with bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 80 eyes with macular edema associated with BRVO. Patients received either 0.5 mg of ranibizumab (n = 24) or 1.25 mg of bevacizumab (n = 56) intravitreally. Both groups received three initial monthly injections followed by as-needed injections. The best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, mean number of injections, and retreatment rate were evaluated monthly for 6 months after the initial injection. RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.55 ± 0.26 at baseline to 0.24 ± 0.26 at 6 months in the ranibizumab group (p < 0.001) and from logMAR 0.58 ± 0.21 at baseline to 0.29 ± 0.25 at 6 months in the bevacizumab group (p < 0.001), which is not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.770). The mean reduction in central subfield thickness at 6 months was 236 ± 164 µm in the ranibizumab group (p < 0.001) and 219 ± 161 µm in the bevacizumab group (p < 0.001), which is not also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.698). The mean numbers of ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections were 3.25 ± 0.53 and 3.30 ± 0.53, respectively (p = 0.602). In addition, after the three initial monthly injections, the retreatment rates for ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections were 20.8% and 26.7%, respectively (p = 0.573). CONCLUSIONS: Both ranibizumab and bevacizumab were effective for the treatment of BRVO and produced similar visual and anatomic outcomes. In addition, the mean number of injections and the retreatment rates were not significantly different between the groups.
Bevacizumab* ; Humans ; Macular Edema* ; Ranibizumab* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) help reduce the recurrence rate after the curative treatment of hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib has been shown to improve survival of advanced HCC patients. Whether antiviral therapy with NAs could help such patients is unknown. Our aim is to investigate the usefulness of antiviral therapy for advanced-stage HCC treated with sorafenib. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study in advanced-stage HCC patients treated with sorafenib between June 2007 and December 2013. Patients in group A (the non-antiviral therapy group) were treated with sorafenib alone. Those in group B (the antiviral therapy group) were treated with sorafenib and NAs. Progression-free survival (PS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Finally, 23 patients in group A and 40 patients in group B were enrolled in the study. The mean number of days of treatment with sorafenib was 79 (34-231) days and 96 (33-449) days for group A and B, respectively (P=0.286). The mean PS of group A and B was 97 (14-449) days and 51 (0-461) days, respectively (P=0.068). The OS was 154 (44-741) days in group A and 138 (30-1,025) days in group B (P=0.665). PS and OS showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there was no significant survival gain of using antiviral therapy in patients with advanced-stage HCC treated with sorafenib. In consideration of cost-effectiveness, antiviral therapy may be not mandatory.
Antiviral Agents* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cohort Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is more likely to occur in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and is particularly associated with interferon (IFN) treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors for TD during pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combined therapy in patients with CHC. METHODS: A total of 242 euthyroid patients with CHC treated with PEG-IFN/RBV were included. Thyroid function and autoantibodies were measured at baseline, and virologic response and thyroid function were assessed every 3 months during therapy. RESULTS: TD developed in 67 patients (27.7%) during the PEG-IFN/RBV treatment. The types of TD were subclinical hypothyroidism (50.7%), hypothyroidism (14.9%), thyroiditis (11.9%), subclinical hyperthyroidism (10.4%), and hyperthyroidism (10.4%). Most of the patients with TD recovered spontaneously; however, seven patients (10.4%) needed thyroid treatment. The sustained virological response rate was higher in patients with TD than those without (65.7% vs. 49.1%, p = 0.02). Baseline thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96 to 8.77; p < 0.001), presence of the thyroid peroxidase antibody (OR, 8.81; 95% CI, 1.74 to 44.6; p = 0.009), and PEG-IFNalpha-2b (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.43 to 6.39; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for the development of TD. CONCLUSIONS: TD developed in 27.7% of patients with CHC during PEG-IFN/RBV treatment, and 10.4% of these patients needed thyroid treatment. TD is associated with a favorable virologic response to PEG-IFN/RBV. Assessment of TSH and thyroid autoantibodies at baseline and close monitoring of thyroid function during PEG-IFN/RBV therapy are necessary for early detection and management of IFN-induced TD.
Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interferon-alpha/*adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols/*adverse effects ; Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribavirin/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology ; Thyroid Gland/*drug effects/immunology/physiopathology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Trichoepithelioma (TE) is a benign lesion that arises from hair follicles. Solitary TE occurs mainly on the face in young adults. Various previous reports have described the localization of this disorder, but there have been no reported cases with presentation on the toe. Histopathologically, TE shares characteristic features with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), so immunohistochemical stains are required for the differential diagnosis. Therefore, we report the first case of TE occurring on the toe, confirmed with immunohistochemial differentiation.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Toes* ; Young Adult