The superior volume maintenance of membranous over endochondral bone grafts, which was shown in several studies has provided the basis for its preferred clinical use as an onlay grafting material on the craniofacial skeleton. The scientific rationale for this seeming embryological advantage, however, has never been proven, Since the cortical component of membranous bone is proportionally greater than that of endochondral bone, it follows that membranous grafts would show greater volume maintenance over time. Our hypothesis is that the pattern of onlay bone graft resorption is primarily determined by a graft's micro-architecture (relative cortical and cancellous composition) rather than its embryololgical origin(membranous versus endochondral). Fourty adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. There were 8 animals in each of 4 groups. The rabbits of each group were sacrificed at 3, 8, and 16 weeks. Four types of grafts were placed subperosteally, onto each rabbit's cranium: a hydroxyapatite, a cortical bone graft of membranous origin, a cortical bone graft of endochondral origin and a cancellous bone graft of endochondral origin. Membranous bone grafts were obtained from the lateral mandible and endochondral bone grafts were obtained from the ileum. In order to determine post-sacrifice volume and density of the bone grafts, a caliper technique and bone densitometry(bone densitometer: LUNAR, DPX-L, U.S.A.) were performed on all of the bone grafts. Bone graft specimens were histologically examined at 3, 8, and 16 weeks.The measurement of volume and density show that there is a statistically greater resumption in the cancellous endochondral bone grafts for all parameter, compared to either the endochondral or membranous cortical bone grafts or hydroxyapatite at all time points(p< 0.05). In addition, there is no significant difference in the resorption rates between the endochondral and membranous cortical bone grafts for all parameters at all time points. By placing cortical bone grafts and cancellous bone grafts on the recipient sites separately, we have shown that the former grafts maintain their volumes, widths and projections significantly better than the latter grafts. Futhermore, we found no statistical difference in resorption rates between the two cortical bone grafts of different embryologic origins, a finding which has never been previously shown. Bone volume fraction, measured with bone densitometry, was shown to be higher in cortical bone than in cancellous bone at all time points, further illustrating the differences between cortical and cancellous bone.From our results, we believe cortical bone to be a superior onlay-graftiong material, independent of its embryololgic origin.
Adult ; Animals ; Biological Factors* ; Densitometry ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Ileum ; Inlays* ; Mandible ; Rabbits ; Skeleton* ; Skull ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVES: This study is to see the transition and pattern of the industrial iureal worker, and to develop the prediction model. METHODS: The data of the study are based on the samples from data-warehouse of Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute and are summed monthly from Jan 1986 to Dec 1999. This study data used data mart and Meta data from DW in KOSHA. The prediction model of the injured worker in Industry is designed by using a winters time series method after data preparing (i. e. sample, explore, modify) from DW. RESULTS: Thls predicted model obtained Winters-method multiplicative in exponential smoothing among applied all models, after the tlme series (total 163 months). It showed that the prediction power was 95.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of exploring the data, totally the rate of industrial injureal workers reduced, and in the yearly circulation, in February and September the number is the lowest but in June, July, October and November the higher. The number of monthly average injureal workers is 8709 (95 % confidence interval 8277, 9140). From the developed prediction model, since Aug 1999 the industrial injureal worker reduced rapidly in Dec 1999 and first period of 2000. But In second period of 2000 the number of the injured workers is increasing. To conclude, as the total economic situation is becoming better in 2000 than In 1999, its is supposed that the injured workers will increase more than the predictive injured workers because of the increase of production rate and labor force.
Academies and Institutes ; Data Mining* ; Employment ; Humans ; Occupational Health

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

No abstract available.
Mediastinum*

No abstract available.
Gallbladder Neoplasms* ; Gallbladder*

No abstract available.
Risk Factors*

A 19-year-old man had a good neurologic recovery from a severe hypothermia(19 degrees C) and a prolonged coma following active infernal rewarming. From inhaling hydrocarbons, he was left unconscious on the cold floor for 24 hours. As soon as the patient was brought into the emergency medical center, he was early evaluated arid treated aggressively. ECG showed Osborn(J) wave on all leads. The temperature o( patient was increased by 2-3 degrees C per hour through active external rewarming (by heating blankets and warm bag) and active infernal rewarming (by airway rewarming, warmed IV fluids, gastrointestinal tract irrigation, and bladder irrigation). The temperature reached 36 degrees C after 6 hours. Active infernal rewarming provides rapid core rewarming with the additional benefit of circulatory support during the period of cardiac instability.
Coma ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons* ; Hypothermia* ; Inhalation ; Rewarming ; Unconsciousness* ; Urinary Bladder ; Young Adult

Patients admitted with the clinical symptomatology of a progressive myelopathy associated with radiologic findings compatible with spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine and who manifest appropriate neurophysiological abnormalities should be considered as candidates for surgical treatment. The authors have undertaken a study of 20 patients who had received decompressive surgical procedures and possible follow up studies for CSM, which was defined as a myelopathy related to osteophytic overgrowth and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) in the cervical spinal canal causing impingement upon the spinal cord from Sep.93. To Aug. 1995. It was concluded with the following results. 1) man was exclusively prevalent in most cases. 2) age at surgery: There was a signigicant negative correlation between the age at surgery and the recovery rate. 3) Original cause of compression: There was no signigicant difference between the CSM and OPLL. 4) The involved level : three level involvement was the most common(8cases), followed by two level(6 cases), four level(3 cases), and single level(2 cases). There was no correlation between the preoperative Harsh scale and the number of the involved level. 5) Recovery rate: excellent(Grade O.I). 12 cases(60%), good(Grade II, IIIA), 4 cases(20%), poor(Grade IIIc, IV, V), 4 cases(20%).
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Spine

The frequency with which vasovasostomy is performed has increased dramatically because a significant percentage of the millions of men who underwent vasectomy in the last decade are now seeking to regain their fertility. Considerable controversy exists regarding the most effective surgical method. The Silber`s two layer anastomosis technique is the best one until now, but that is a time consuming procedure and difficult in a beginner, and all of the knots are should be placed just outside of the mucosa. In an attempt to develop an easier and faster and less complicated method of performing two layer microsurgical vasovasostomy, we developed a new operating method of two layer anastomosis. Thenkey points of the new technique is that an anastomosis is completed with a double wedged 9-0 nylon suture for one suture by one time, continuously. All of the knots are placed outside of the vas. The new two-layer microsurgical anastomosis was used starting in 1994. We have used this method in 15 patients. Average skin to skin operation time is two and half and three hours. Sperm count was normal limits in 10 patients after 6 months after operation, in 2 patients between 3 weeks and 3 months after operation, oligospermia in 2 patients and azoospermia was in 1 patient 6 months after operation. We conclude this method is a good one, since the new two-layer technique is easier, faster, less complicated than original two-layer anastomosis, although this is a early results and describes the initial experience with this new microsurgical technique.
Azoospermia ; Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Nylons ; Oligospermia ; Skin ; Sperm Count ; Sutures ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy*

In spite of the frequent involvement of many cardiac diseases, it is difficult to evaluate the left ventricular apex in detail with transthoracic echocardiography, a first-line imaging modality in cardiovascular diseases, because the apex is very closely located at the echocardiographic probe. Cardiac magnetic resonance enables us to evaluate the cardiac apex without any limitation to the image acquisition. We here present a case regarding a broad-based apical diverticulum, which was initially confused with apical aneurysm.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diverticulum* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Aneurysm ; Heart Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*